Ifugao language

Ifugao
Native to Philippines
Region Ifugao, Luzon
Native speakers
 (130,000 cited 1987–2007)[1]
Austronesian
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Variously:
ifb – Batad Ifugao
ifa – Amganad Ifugao
ifu – Mayoyao Ifugao
ifk – Tuwali language
Glottolog ifug1247[2]
Area where the Ifugao dialect continuum is spoken according to Ethnologue

Ifugao or Batad is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the northern valleys of Ifugao, Philippines. It is a member of the Northern Luzon subfamily and is closely related to the Bontoc and Kankanaey languages.[3] It is a dialect continuum, and its four main varieties—such as Tuwali—are sometimes considered separate languages.[4]

Loanwords from other languages, such as Ilokano, are replacing some older terminology.[5]

Dialects

Ethnologue reports the following locations for each of the 4 Ifugao languages.

  • Amganad Ifugao: spoken in Hungduan and Banaue municipalities of Ifugao Province, and into southwestern Mountain Province. 27,100 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Burnay Ifugao and Banaue Ifugao.
  • Batad Ifugao (Ayangan Ifugao): spoken in central Ifugao Province. There are also some speakers in Isabela Province, on the eastern shore of the Magat reservoir. 10,100 speakers as of 2002. Dialects include Ducligan Ifugao.
  • Mayoyao Ifugao (Mayaoyaw): spoken in Ifugao Province, (northern Mayoyao, Aguinaldo, and Alfonso Lista municipalities) and Mountain Province (2 small border areas). 30,000 speakers as of 2007.
  • Tuwali Ifugao (Gilipanes, Ifugaw, Kiangan Ifugao, Quiangan, Tuwali): spoken in southern Ifugao Province. 30,000 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Hapao Ifugao, Hungduan Ifugao, and Lagawe Ifugao.

Orthography

The unified Ifugao alphabet is as follows: A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, Ng, O, P, T, U, W, Y. The letters are pronounced differently depending on the dialect of speaker.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Batad Ifugao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Amganad Ifugao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Mayoyao Ifugao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Tuwali language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ifugaw". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ (Lebar, 1975: 78)
  4. ↑ (Newell and Poligon, 1993)
  5. ↑ Kinnud, Richard (2013-08-21). "Language Change in the Cordillera". Sun.Star. Baguio. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  6. ↑ Hay Mahun an Bahaon, A Pre-Primer in Ayangan Ifugao. Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1984.
  • Kinnud, Richard (2013-08-21). "Language Change in the Cordillera". Sun.Star. Baguio.
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