Gorinchem

Gorinchem
Municipality
Lingehaven in Gorinchem

Flag
Coat of arms
Highlighted position of Gorinchem in a municipal map of South Holland
Location in South Holland
Coordinates: 51°50′N 4°58′E / 51.83°N 4.97°E / 51.83; 4.97Coordinates: 51°50′N 4°58′E / 51.83°N 4.97°E / 51.83; 4.97
Country Netherlands
Province South Holland
Government[1]
 • Body Municipal council
 • Mayor Reinie Melissant-Briene (CDA)
Area[2]
 • Total 21.93 km2 (8.47 sq mi)
 • Land 18.92 km2 (7.31 sq mi)
 • Water 3.01 km2 (1.16 sq mi)
Elevation[3] 2 m (7 ft)
Population (August 2017)[4]
 • Total 36,233
 • Density 1,915/km2 (4,960/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Gorkumer
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode 4200–4208
Area code 0183
Website www.gorinchem.nl

Gorinchem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣɔrɪnxɛm]), also called Gorkum ([ˈɣɔrkʏm] ( listen) or [-əm]), is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 21.93 km2 (8.47 sq mi) of which 3.01 km2 (1.16 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 36,233 in 2017.

The municipality of Gorinchem also includes the population centre of Dalem.

History

Dalem Gate

It is assumed that Gorinchem was founded circa 1000 CE by fishermen and farmers on the raised land near the mouth of the river Linge at the Merwede. "Goriks Heem" (Home of Gorik) is first mentioned in a document from 1224 in which Floris IV granted people from Gorinchem exemption of toll payments throughout Holland.

Somewhere between 1247 and 1267, Gorinchem became property of the Lords of Arkel. At the end of the 13th century earthen mounts reinforced with palisades were built around the settlement to protect it from domination by the neighboring counties of Holland and Gelre. Half a century later real city walls were built complete with 7 gates and 23 watchtowers. Otto van Arkel granted it city rights on 11 November 1322.

Jan van Arkel had a dispute with Albert I, brother of Willem V of Holland, leading to war and subsequently to the annexation of Gorinchem to Holland in 1417. This resulted in increased trade and Gorinchem grew to be the eighth city of Holland.

On 9 July 1572, the Watergeuzen (Dutch rebels against Spanish rule) conquered the city and captured 19 Catholic priests and monks. Because they refused to renounce their faith, these priests and monks were brought to Brielle where they were hanged and were from then on known among Catholics as the Martyrs of Gorkum.

By the 16th century, the city walls were so deteriorated that they were replaced with new fortifications and eleven bastions that still are almost completely intact. The new walls were completed in 1609 and were located further from the town centre, making the city twice as large. In 1673, Gorinchem became part of the old Dutch Water Line.

The city walls had four city gates: the Arkel Gate in the north, the Dalem Gate in the east, the Water Gate in the south (where the ferry to Woudrichem was), and the Kansel Gate in the west. Of these four gates, only the Dalem Gate remains. The others were removed in the 19th century to make way for vehicular traffic. A portion of the Water Gate was preserved in the gardens of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Map of Gorinchem of 1869.

In the 18th century, the economy went into decline. After the French domination, the retreating French troops took station in the bastion fortress of Gorinchem. After a three-month siege they capitulated but the city was heavily damaged.

During the Industrial Revolution, Gorinchem recovered. Increased shipping led to new canals being dug and a railway connection to the city. Its population quickly increased, filling the innercity, and new neighbourhoods had to be built outside the city walls.

At the beginning of the 20th century, expansion took place in the Lingewijk and West neighbourhoods. After World War II, expansion started in the north-western portion of the municipality which was completed in the 1970s. This was followed by developments of the neighbourhoods Wijdschild and Laag Dalem east of the city center. In 1986, the town Dalem was added to the municipality.

Transport

Dutch Topographic map of Gorinchem (town), Sept. 2014

The city is crossed by two motorways; the A15 on the northside, and the A27 on the westside.

The city also has a railway station: Gorinchem.

Notable natives and residents

International relations

References

  1. ↑ "Burgemeester en wethouders" [Mayor and aldermen] (in Dutch). Gemeente Gorinchem. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  2. ↑ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  3. ↑ "Postcodetool for 4205AZ". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  4. ↑ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  • Official website
  • Wikisource "Gorinchem". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
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