Carbonyl fluoride

Carbonyl fluoride
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Carbonyl difluoride
Other names
Fluorophosgene; Carbon difluoride oxide; Fluoromethanoyl fluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.941
RTECS number FG6125000
UN number 2417
Properties
COF2
Molar mass 66.01 g mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Density 2.698 g/L (gas), 1.139 g/cm3 (liquid at melting point)
Melting point −111.26 °C (−168.27 °F; 161.89 K)
Boiling point −84.57 °C (−120.23 °F; 188.58 K)
reacts violently with water[1]
Vapor pressure 55.4 atm (20°C)[1]
Structure
C2v
0.95 D
Hazards
Main hazards Fatal if inhaled, reacts with water
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., waterHealth code 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g., VX gasReactivity code 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g., phosphorusSpecial hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g., cesium, sodiumNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
0
4
2
Flash point Non-flammable
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3) ST 5 ppm (15 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Phosgene
Carbonyl bromide
Formyl fluoride
Thiocarbonyl chloride
Acetone
Urea
Carbonic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Carbonyl fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula COF2. This gas, like its analog phosgene, is colourless and highly toxic. The molecule is planar with C2v symmetry.

Preparation and properties

Carbonyl fluoride is usually produced as a decomposition product of fluorinated hydrocarbons in the thermal decomposition thereof, for example from trifluoromethanol or tetrafluoromethane in the presence of water:

CF
4 + H
2O → COF
2 + 2HF

Carbonyl fluoride can also be prepared by reaction of phosgene with hydrogen fluoride and the oxidation of carbon monoxide, although the latter tends to result in over-oxidation to carbon tetrafluoride. The oxidation of carbon monoxide with silver difluoride is convenient:

CO + 2AgF
2 → COF
2 + 2AgF

Carbonyl fluoride is unstable in the presence of water, hydrolyzing to carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride:[2]

COF
2 + H
2O → CO
2 + 2HF

Safety

Carbonyl fluoride is extremely poisonous with a threshold limit value of 2 ppm for short-term exposure.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0108". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ↑ M. W. Farlow; E. H. Man; C. W. Tullock (1960). "Carbonyl Fluoride". Inorganic Syntheses. 6: 155–158. doi:10.1002/9780470132371.ch48.
  3. ↑ "Carbonyl Fluoride". NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
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