Bruton

Bruton
multiple buildings including a square church tower amongst fields and trees.
Bruton taken from the Dovecote
Bruton
Bruton shown within Somerset
Population 2,907 (2011)[1]
OS grid reference ST684350
District
Shire county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town BRUTON
Postcode district BA10
Dialling code 01749
Police Avon and Somerset
Fire Devon and Somerset
Ambulance South Western
EU Parliament South West England
UK Parliament

Bruton (/ˈbruːtən/ BROO-tən) is a small town, electoral ward, and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on the River Brue along the A359 between Frome and Yeovil. It is 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Shepton Mallet, just south of Snakelake Hill and Coombe Hill, 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Gillingham and 12 miles (19 km) south-west of Frome in the South Somerset district. The town and electoral ward have a population of 2,907.[1] The parish includes the hamlets of Wyke Champflower and Redlynch.

Bruton has a museum dedicated to the display of items from Bruton's past from the Jurassic geology up to the present day. The museum houses a table used by the author John Steinbeck to write on during his six-month stay in Bruton.

The River Brue has a long history of flooding in Bruton. In 1768 the river rose very rapidly and destroyed a stone bridge.[2] On the 28 June 1917, 242.8 mm of rain fell in 24 hours at Bruton,[3] leaving a water mark on one pub twenty feet above the normal level of the river.[4] In 1984 a protective dam was built 1 km upstream from the town.[5]

History

The Church of St Mary, Bruton was founded by Ine of Wessex in the 7th century,[6]

Bruton was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Briuuetone, meaning 'Vigorously flowing river' from the Old English tor and Celtic briw meaning vigour.[7] The river has been the site of several watermills and in 2003 the South Somerset Hydropower Group installed their first hydroelectric turbine at Gants Mill at nearby Pitcombe.[8][9]

It was the site of Bruton Abbey, a medieval Augustinian priory from which a wall remains in the Plox close to Bow Bridge. The priory was sold after the dissolution of the monasteries to the courtier Sir Maurice Berkeley (died 1581) whose Bruton branch of the Berkeley family converted it into a mansion which was demolished in the late eighteenth century.[10] The Dovecote which overlooks Bruton was built in the sixteenth century. It was at one time used as a house, possibly as a watchtower and as a dovecote. It is a Grade II* listed building[11] and ancient monument.[12][13] It is managed by the National Trust. The building was once within the deerpark of the Abbey and was adapted by the monks from a gabled Tudor tower.[14] The conversion to be a dovecote took place around 1780.[15] It has over 200 pigeon holes.[16]

Bruton was part of the hundred of Bruton.[17]

Bruton is referenced in a well-known English folk song, The Bramble Briar. A very rare copy of an Inspeximus of Magna Carta was discovered in Bruton in the 1950s and claimed by King's School, Bruton. The sale of the school's copy to the Australian National Museum paid for a great deal of the building work at the school.

Much of the town's history is exhibited at the Bruton Museum. The museum is housed in the Dovecote Building, in the town's High Street. The building also contains a tourist information office.[18] The Bruton Museum Society was formed in 1989 and involved the community and local schools in the development of the collection of local artefacts. It was initially housed in the basement of the Co-Op and then in a disused Coach House owned by the National Westminster Bank. The museum moved to its current location in 1999 after it was jointly purchased by South Somerset District Council and Bruton Town Council.[19][20] The time spent in the town by John Steinbeck is commemorated in the museum. They have also organised exhibitions at King's School including one in 2008 of the work of Ernst Blensdorf.[21] In 2010 an anonymous donor agreed to pay the rent on the building, removing earlier doubts about the future viability of the museum.[22]

In December 2012 plans were announced by Hauser & Wirth to open a new gallery and arts centre at a derelict farm on the outskirts on Bruton.[23] This opened to the public on 14 September 2014.[24]

Governance

The town council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The town council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The town council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The town falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Wincanton Rural District.[25] The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament which elects six MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Transport

Bruton station lies on the Great Western Main Line (in a section often referred to as the Berks and Hants route) between Westbury and Taunton. This route is the most direct between London (Paddington) and the West Country (ending at Penzance), but is slower due to the geographical nature of the route. The stretch between Westbury and Castle Cary is also part of the Heart of Wessex line served by Great Western Railway services between Bristol Temple Meads and Weymouth.

Until 12 December 2015, Bruton was served only by rail services between Bristol and Weymouth. In December 2015, South West Trains introduced a new rail service between London Waterloo, Salisbury and Yeovil Pen Mill, giving Bruton its first regular service direct from London for some years. However, the service from London Waterloo is only once a day, with the first of three return trains from Yeovil Pen Mill terminating at London Waterloo (as of December 2016) and the other two at Salisbury. These services currently only operate through Bruton mid-afternoon/evening and only Monday–Friday.

Bus services are operated by South West Coaches: route 667 Monday–Saturday, route 1B Monday–Saturday, route 1C schooldays only, route 19 Friday only, route 33 Wednesday only and route 34 term-time only.

Geography

Work to build the railway line at Bruton Railway Cutting exposed geology of the epoch of the Middle Jurassic. It is one of the best places in England to demonstrate the stratigraphic distinction of ammonites in the subcontractus zone and the morrisi zone.[26]

The nearby Godminster Lane Quarry and Railway Cutting is another geological Site of Special Scientific Interest which is an important locality for study of the Inferior Oolite limestones, of Middle Jurassic age, laid down in a warm shallow sea some 175 million years ago. The site is unique in that the limestones seen here are much more closely comparable with rocks of similar age found in the Cotswolds than with rock sequences seen elsewhere in Somerset. However, the rocks do contain the rich assemblage of fossil ammonites which are typical of the north Dorset/south Somerset area and it is this feature, combined with the unusual limestone sequence, which makes this site unique. It is also important as a reference site for three sub-divisions (zones) of the Inferior Oolite — the laeviscula, discites and concavum Zones.[27]

Churches

Church of St Mary, Bruton

Both the 14th-century Church of St Mary,[28] and the Church of the Holy Trinity, in Wyke Champflower,[29] which is dated at 1623, are Grade I listed buildings.

John Wesley preached in Bruton in 1776 and a Methodist chapel at West End was opened in 1848.[30] The congregation was served by the Somerset Mission Circuit, and more recently by the expanded Somerset Mendip Circuit.[31]

Schools

Bruton is known for its three popular secondary schools - King's School, Bruton (founded 1519); Sexey's School (founded 1889); and Bruton School for Girls (Sunny Hill) (founded 1900). Each school has a sixth form, and a tradition of boarding.

One of Bruton's notable historic characters was Hugh Sexey (1556–1619), who was born in the local area, and attended Bruton Grammar School. By the age of 43 he had been appointed as Royal auditor of the Exchequer to Queen Elizabeth I and later King James I. After his death the trustees of his will established Sexey's Hospital in Bruton as an institution to care for the elderly. Sexey's trust was mainly involved with educational causes. The politician behind the Education Act 1902, Henry Hobhouse, MP (1854–1937), was involved in the founding of Sexey's School and Sunny Hill.

References

  1. 1 2 "Statistics for Wards, LSOAs and Parishes — SUMMARY Profiles" (Excel). Somerset Intelligence. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  2. ↑ Singh, Vijay P. (15–18 December 2003). Watershed Hydrology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment. Bhopal, India: Allied Publishers. pp. 426, 485–488. ISBN 978-81-7764-547-7.
  3. ↑ "The Boscastle storm of August 2004 and other heavy rainfall events of the last century in the area". wiseweather.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
  4. ↑ Simons, Paul (27 June 2007). "June's freak downpours have historical precedent". The Times. London. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
  5. ↑ Clark, Colin (2004). "Real-time flood forecasting". International Water Power and Dam Construction website. Progressive Media Markets Ltd. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
  6. ↑ "Welcome". St Mary's Bruton. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  7. ↑ Robinson, Stephen (1992). Somerset Place Names. Wimborne, Dorset: The Dovecote Press Ltd. ISBN 1-874336-03-2.
  8. ↑ Mirage and oasis: Energy choices in an age of global warming Archived 30 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine., New Economics Foundation, ISBN 1-904882-01-3, published June 2005, accessed 11 June 2007
  9. ↑ Case Study - Gants Mill Archived 12 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine., British Hydropower Association, published 2004, accessed (sic) 11 June 2007
  10. ↑ Adkins, Lesley and Roy (1992). A Field Guide to Somerset Archaeology. Wimborne, Dorset: Dovecote Press. p. 31. ISBN 0-946159-94-7.
  11. ↑ Historic England. "Dovecote about 370 metres South of Bruton Church (1056424)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  12. ↑ "Dovecote, about 370 metres South of Bruton Church (also known as Pigeon Tower), Park Wall (North side), Bruton". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  13. ↑ "Bruton Abbey". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  14. ↑ Greeves, Lydia (2013). Houses of the National Trust. London: National Trust Books. p. 364. ISBN 9781907892486.
  15. ↑ "Tower, S of the church, Bruton". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  16. ↑ "Bruton Dovecote". Somerset Routes. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  17. ↑ "Bruton Hundred". A History of Britain. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  18. ↑ "Bruton Museum". South Somerset Council. Archived from the original on 8 November 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  19. ↑ "Revenue Grant Requests – Bruton Museum and Wincanton Museum and History Society" (PDF). South Somerset Council. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  20. ↑ "Museum". Bruton Town. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  21. ↑ "BRUTON MUSEUM AT KINGS SCHOOL Blensdorf Retrospective". Galleries UK. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  22. ↑ "Anonymous donor ends museum's woes". Somerset Guardian. 16 March 2010. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  23. ↑ Brown, Mark (16 December 2012). "Hauser & Wirth to open new art gallery in Somerset". Guardian. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  24. ↑ "Doors Open at Hauser & Wirth Somerset - Arts :: Country Calling | Country Calling". www.countrycalling.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-11-14.
  25. ↑ "Wincanton RD". A vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  26. ↑ English Nature citation sheet for the site Archived 10 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine. (accessed 7 August 2006)
  27. ↑ English Nature citation sheet for the site Archived 13 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine. (accessed 10 August 2006)
  28. ↑ "Church of St Mary". Images of England. Archived from the original on 12 November 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
  29. ↑ "Church of the Holy Trinity". Images of England. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
  30. ↑ "British history online". Retrieved 23 October 2008.
  31. ↑ Churches. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
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