Bakso

Bakso
Bakso served with bihun (rice vermicelli) and fried wontons
Course Main
Place of origin Indonesia, derived from the Chinese meatball
Region or state Nationwide in Indonesia, also popular in neighboring Southeast Asian countries
Created by Indonesian Chinese
Serving temperature Hot
Main ingredients Ground beef, tapioca, noodle, rice vermicelli, beef broth, kailan, celery, salted vegetables, fried shallots
Variations Bakwan Malang, phở bò viên,(Vietnamese noodle soup with meatballs), Chinese beef balls
Food energy
(per serving)
 1 medium ball of bakso contains 21 mg cholesterol, 134 mg sodium, and 57 calories.[1] kcal

Bakso or baso is an Indonesian meatball,[2] or a meat paste made from beef surimi.[3] Its texture is similar to the Chinese beef ball, fish ball, or pork ball. The word bakso may refer to a single meatball or the complete dish of meatball soup. Mie bakso refers to bakso served with yellow noodles and rice vermicelli, while bakso kuah refers to bakso soup served without noodles.

Bakso can be found all across Indonesia, from street vendors to high-class restaurants. Along with soto, satay, and siomay, bakso is one of the most popular street foods in Indonesia.[4] Today, various types of ready-to-cook bakso are also available as frozen foods sold in supermarkets in Indonesia.

Ingredients, contents, and serving

Bunch of pre-cooked bakso prior of boiling.

Bakso is commonly made from finely ground beef with a small quantity of tapioca flour and salt, however bakso can also be made from other ingredients, such as chicken, pork, fish or shrimp.[4] Unlike other meatball recipes, bakso has a consistent firm, dense, homogeneous texture due to the polymerization of myosin in the beef surimi.

As most Indonesians are Muslims which observes halal dietary law, generally bakso is made from beef, chicken or the mixture of beef with chicken.[3] While in non-Muslim majority areas, such as in Chinatowns in major cities and Hindu majority island of Bali, pork bakso might be found.[5]

Traditionally the beef surimi paste or dough is made into balls using hands and boiled in hot water right away. After the meat are done, the meatballs are floating on boiling water, collected and being dried, stored or refrigerated for further use. Bunch of pre-cooked bakso are usually displayed in the window of a street vendor cart, and will be boiled in hot water per customer order, prior of serving.

Bakso are usually served in a bowl of beef broth, with yellow noodles, bihun (rice vermicelli), salted vegetables, tofu, egg (wrapped within bakso), Chinese green cabbage, bean sprout, siomay or steamed meat dumpling, and crisp wonton, sprinkled with fried shallots and celery. Slices of bakso often used and mixed as compliments in mi goreng, nasi goreng, or cap cai recipes.

Origin

Bakso Malang.

The name bakso originated from bak-so (肉酥, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bah-so·), the Hokkien pronunciation for "fluffy meat" or "minced meat".[6] This suggests that bakso has Indonesian Chinese cuisine origin.[7] Chinese influences is apparent in Indonesian food, such as bakmi, mie ayam, pangsit, mie goreng, kwetiau goreng, bakso, and lumpia.[8] Indeed, bakso texture is quite similar to Chinese beef balls, which is quite fluffy and has homogenous texture. Although bakso has Chinese Hokkien origin name, culinary experts suggests that it is likely that bakso was the mixture of culinary influences back in colonial Dutch East Indies. Also in Indonesian, the term bola daging is often refer to Western or European style of meatballs, which is different in texture and elasticity compared to bakso. For example, the Swedish meatballs is translated as bola daging Swedia in Indonesian. The soup and the noodles probably originated in China, but the meatball, may have come from the Dutch, who colonized Indonesia in the 19th century.[3]

Despite its possible Chinese origin, bakso seems to had undergone localization, especially into Chinese Indonesian and Javanese cuisine. Today, most of the bakso vendors are native Javanese from Wonogiri (a town near Solo) and Malang.[9] Bakso Solo and Bakso Malang are the most popular variant; the name comes from the city it comes from, Solo in Central Java and Malang in East Java. Bakso Solo is usually served with yellow noodle and rice vermicelli in beef broth, while Bakso Malang usually is enrichen with tofu and crispy fried wonton. In Malang, bakso bakar (roasted bakso) is also popular.

Variations

Bakso urat street vendor from Solo.

Indonesia has developed numerous bakso variants, usually differing in shape, size, texture, ingredients, and fillings.[10]

  • Bakso urat: bakso filled with tendons and coarse meat
  • Bakso ayam: chicken bakso
  • Bakso bola tenis tennis ball-sized bakso, either filled with hard boiled egg as bakso telur or filled with tetelan which includes pieces of spare beef meat and fat or urat (tendon).
  • Bakso telur: a tennis ball-sized bakso with hard boiled chicken egg wrapped inside
  • Bakso gepeng: flat beef bakso, it usually has finer and more homogenous texture
  • Bakso goreng: fried bakso
  • Bakso ikan: fish bakso (fish ball)
  • Bakso udang: shrimp bakso with a slightly pink color
  • Bakso Malang: bakso dish from the city of Malang in East Java; complete with noodles, tofu, siomay, and fried wontons
  • Bakso keju: a modern variant of bakso, filled with either cheddar or mozarella cheese
  • Bakso kotak: cube-shaped bakso
  • Bakso bakar: grilled and skewered bakso, prepared in a similar fashion to satay
  • Bakso Cuanki: a famous bakso in Bandung, West Java

Popularity

Travelling bakso vendor on bike.

Bakso is one of the most popular street foods in Indonesian cities and villages alike.[4] Travelling street vendors, either by carts or bikes are often frequenting residential areas in Indonesia, while bakso warung and humble tent foodstalls are often sprung on street sides in Indonesian cities. Bakso first came to international attention when the United States President Barack Obama remembered it as one of his favourite foods from his childhood in Indonesia, and mentioned it in his speech.[2][3]

Similar dishes

Similar meatball dishes can be found in other Southeast Asian cuisines, such as those in Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Singapore, as well as Chinese-style meatballs.

The dish also similar with Vietnamese noodle soup with meatballs, Phở Bò Viên.[11][12] In Vietnam, Phở means noodle soup while Bò Viên is meatballs.[13] Phở Bò Viên is one of version of Pho dish in Vietnam. It has been considered as the national dish of Vietnam.[14]

In Malaysia and Singapore, there is a similar meatball soup called bebola daging, which actually a Malay translation of "meatball". Many recipe of bebola daging in Malaysia and Singapore are actually derived from either Western (Indian or European) and Eastern (Chinese) meatballs, such as bebola daging Masala which is derived from Indian cuisine influence.[15]

In the Philippines, meatballs are called almondigas or bola-bola, and are usually served in a misua noodle soup with toasted garlic, squash, and pork cracklings. Bola-bolas are also stewed or pan-fried until golden brown.

Health issue

In Indonesia, borax is often added into beef surimi mixture in order to preserve the produced bakso, also to make bakso more chewy (from borax induced myosin cross-linking) with less usage of meat.[16] As a result, bakso is often listed by Indonesian Food and Drug Administration as an unhealthy foodstuff. The country's Directorate of Consumer Protection warns of the risk of liver cancer caused by high consumption over a period of 5–10 years.[17] Therefore, frozen bakso being sold at supermarkets and also traditional markets in Indonesia are required to be borax free.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Calories in Indonesian Food Bakso Daging Sapi (Meatball)". My Fitness Pal.
  2. 1 2 Rick Rodgers (2011). I Love Meatballs!. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 29. ISBN 9781449419424.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Bakso: the soup President Barack Obama loved as a child". Nola.com article from The Associated Press.
  4. 1 2 3 Bruce Kraig; Colleen Taylor Sen (2013). Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 182. ISBN 9781598849554.
  5. ↑ "Bakso "100% Haram" dikunjungi ABG sampai Senator". Suluh Bali (in Indonesian). 8 May 2015.
  6. ↑ Herman Ichsan Pangestu (2014). Edward Sitorus, ed. Sukses Wirausaha Gerobak Terlaris dan Tercepat Balik Modal: 15 Jenis rekomendasi usaha terbaik (in Indonesian). Lembar Langit Indonesia. p. 32. ISBN 9786027993716.
  7. ↑ Alison Murray. No Money, No Honey: A study of street traders and prostitutes in Jakarta. Oxford University Press, 1992. p. Glossary page xi.
  8. ↑ Heinz Von Holzen (2014). A New Approach to Indonesian Cooking. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 15. ISBN 9789814634953. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  9. ↑ Muriel Charras, Marc Pain, Indonesia. Departemen Transmigrasi, O.R.S.T.O.M. (Agency : France), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) (1993). Muriel Charras; Marc Pain, eds. Migrations spontanées en Indonésie. IRD Editions. p. 232. ISBN 9782709911467.
  10. ↑ Obbie Afri Gultom. "How To Make Bakso : The Indonesian Favorite Food". travelfoodfashion.com.
  11. ↑ "Pho Bo Recipe (Vietnamese Beef Rice Noodle Soup)".
  12. ↑ "Bakso: The 'New' Pho". Archived from the original on 2014-08-21.
  13. ↑ "Bò Viên (Vietnamese Beef Meatballs)".
  14. ↑ "Pho: national dish, international obsession". Vietnews Online. February 14, 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-03-01. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  15. ↑ "Bebola Daging Ala Masala". Rasa.my.
  16. ↑ Susiana, dosen Biologi Fakultas MIPA Undip-32 (3 September 2007). "Boraks Ada dalam Makanan Kita". Suara Merdeka (in Indonesian).
  17. ↑ Staff writer (2006). "Watch Out For The Food We Consume". Directorate of Consumer Protection, Jakarta, Indonesia. Archived from the original on 28 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
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