See also: and
U+9D09, 鴉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D09

[U+9D08]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9D0A]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 196, +4, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一竹竹日火 (MHHAF), four-corner 17227, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1484, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46738
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2016, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4618, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+9D09

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ljaː, *laː
*ljaː
*ŋraː
*ŋraː
*ŋraː, *ŋraːs
*ŋraː, *hŋraː
*ŋraː, *ŋraːs
*ŋraːʔ
*ŋraːʔ
*ŋraːʔ
*ŋraːs
*ŋraːs
*ŋraːs
*ŋraːs
*hŋraː
*hŋraː
*hŋraː
*hŋraː
*qraː
*laː

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (crow). Cognate with (OC *qaː, “crow; raven”). The Middle Chinese of retains the earlier vowel.

Schuessler (2007) disputes Old Chinese reconstructions with medial *-r-, reasoning that 's place among Division II syllables (often from Old Chinese syllables containing *-r-) results rather from archaism which preserves the original vowel's quality.

Pronunciation


Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ia⁵⁵/
Harbin /ia⁴⁴/ 烏~
/ia²¹³/ ~片
Tianjin /iɑ²¹/
Jinan /ia²¹³/
Qingdao /ia⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ia²⁴/
Xi'an /ia²¹/
Xining /ia⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ia⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ia¹³/
Ürümqi /ia⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ia⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ia⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ia⁵⁵/
Kunming /ia̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /iɑ³¹/
Hefei /ia²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ia¹¹/
Pingyao /iɑ¹³/
Hohhot /ia³¹/
Wu Shanghai /o⁵³/
/ia⁵³/
Suzhou /o⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiɑ³³/
Wenzhou /o³³/
Hui Shexian /ia³¹/
/ŋa³¹/
Tunxi /ŋɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ia³³/
Xiangtan /iɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɑ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /a⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ɑ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /a⁵⁵/
Nanning /a⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /a⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /a⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /a⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /a⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /a³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /za³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔˠa/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔaɨ/
Li
Rong
/ʔa/
Wang
Li
/a/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔæ ›
Old
Chinese
/*qˁra/
English raven, crow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 14196
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qraː/
Notes

Definitions

  1. crow; raven

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 烏鴉 (“crow; raven”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese ,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 烏鴉
Mandarin Beijing 老鴰
Taiwan 烏鴉
Harbin 老哇, 老哇子, 黑老哇, 烏鴉
Shenyang 老鴰
Hailar 老鴰
Ulan Hot 老鴰
Tongliao 老鴰
Chifeng 老鴰
Bayanhot 老哇
Jinan 老鴰, 黑老鴰
Muping 黑老哇子
Luoyang 老鴰
Wanrong 老哇
Xi'an 老哇, 黑老哇
Qingdao 老哇
Zhengzhou 老鴰
Xining 老哇, 鴰老闆
Xuzhou 老鴰, 烏鴉
Yinchuan 老哇
Lanzhou 老哇, 狼老哇
Ürümqi 老哇
Wuhan 老哇
Chengdu 老哇, 烏鴉
Guiyang 老哇
Guilin 烏鴉
Liuzhou 烏鴉, 烏鴉鳥
Kunming 老哇
Yangzhou 老鴉
Nanjing 老哇, 黑老哇
Hefei 老鴰子, 老鴰
Nantong 老鴉
Cantonese Guangzhou 烏鴉
Hong Kong 烏鴉
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 老鴉
Foshan 烏鴉
Shunde 烏鴉
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 烏鴉
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 烏鴉
Taishan 烏鴉
Kaiping (Chikan) 烏鴉
Dongguan 烏鴉
Shaoguan 烏鴉
Yunfu 烏鴉
Yangjiang 老鴉
Xinyi 烏鴉
Lianjiang 烏鴉
Nanning 烏鴉
Wuzhou 烏鴉
Yulin 烏鴉
Hepu 烏鴉
Danzhou 老鴉
Kuala Lumpur 烏鴉
Gan Nanchang 老鴉
Lichuan 老鴉
Pingxiang 鴉雀, 老鴉
Hakka Meixian 老鴉
Luchuan 老鴉, 烏鴉
Changting 烏鴉鵲
Wuping 烏鴉
Ninghua 老鴉子
Yudu 老鴉
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 老鴉仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 老鴉仔, 烏鴉
Hsinchu (Hailu) 烏鴉
Dongshi (Dabu) 老鴉, 烏鴉
Hsinchu (Raoping) 烏鴉
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 烏鴉
Hong Kong 老鴉, 烏鴉
Sabah 烏鴉
Senai 老鴉
Singkawang 烏鴉
Huizhou Jixi 老鴉
Shexian 老鴉
Tunxi 老鴉
Jin Taiyuan 黑老哇
Pingyao 黑老哇
Xinzhou 黑澇鴉兒
Baochang 黑老哇
Jining 黑老哇
Hohhot 黑老哇
Baotou 烏鴉
Dongsheng 黑老哇
Linhe 黑老哇
Haibowan 黑老哇
Min Bei Jian'ou 老鴉
Min Dong Fuzhou 老鴉
Changle 老鴉
Fuqing 老鴉
Yongtai 老鴰
Gutian 老鴉
Fu'an 老鴉
Ningde 老鴉
Shouning 老鴉
Zhouning 老鴉
Fuding 老鴉
Min Nan Xiamen 烏鴉
Quanzhou 烏鴉
Zhangzhou 烏鴉
Taipei 烏鴉
Kaohsiung 烏鴉
Yilan 烏鴉仔
Penang 烏鴉
Singapore 烏鴉, 歹鳥
Philippines (Manila) 烏鴉
Pingnan 老鴉
Chaozhou 烏鴉
Haifeng 烏鴉
Johor Bahru 烏鴉
Wenchang 衫烏
Leizhou 沙烏
Puxian Min Putian 鶚卵
Xianyou 鶚卵
Pinghua Nanning 烏鴉, 老鴉
Guilin 烏鴉
Wu Shanghai 老鴉, 烏鴉
Suzhou 老鴉
Hangzhou 烏老鴉
Wenzhou 老鴉
Chongming 老鴉
Danyang 烏老鴉, 烏鴉, 老鴉
Jinhua 烏老鴉
Ningbo 老鴉
Xiang Changsha 老哇子, 老哇
Shuangfeng 老哇子
Loudi 老哇子, 老哇
Quanzhou 烏鴉

Compounds

  • 信筆塗鴉信笔涂鸦
  • 嘔鴉呕鸦
  • 堆鴉堆鸦
  • 塗鴉涂鸦 (túyā)
  • 墨鴉墨鸦
  • 宮鴉宫鸦
  • 彩鳳隨鴉彩凤随鸦
  • 木老鴉木老鸦
  • 水老鴉水老鸦
  • 烏鴉乌鸦 (wūyā)
  • 烏鴉嘴乌鸦嘴 (wūyāzuǐ)
  • 烏鴉閃蛋乌鸦闪蛋
  • 盤鴉盘鸦
  • 青鴉鴉青鸦鸦
  • 非鴉非鳳非鸦非凤
  • 鬢若堆鴉鬓若堆鸦
  • 鴉嘴鋤鸦嘴锄
  • 鴉巢生鳳鸦巢生凤
  • 鴉片鸦片 (yāpiàn)
  • 鴉片戰爭鸦片战争 (Yāpiàn Zhànzhēng)
  • 鴉片煙鸦片烟
  • 鴉片罪鸦片罪
  • 鴉膽子鸦胆子 (yādǎnzǐ)
  • 鴉舅鸦舅
  • 鴉雀不聞鸦雀不闻
  • 鴉雀無聞鸦雀无闻
  • 鴉雀無聲鸦雀无声
  • 鴉青鸦青
  • 鴉青鈔鸦青钞
  • 鴉頭襪鸦头袜
  • 鴉飛鵲亂鸦飞鹊乱
  • 鴉髻鸦髻
  • 鴉鬟鸦鬟
  • 鴉鬢鸦鬓
  • 鴉鵲不聞鸦鹊不闻
  • 鴉鵲嶺鸦鹊岭 (Yāquèlǐng)
  • 鴉鵲無聲鸦鹊无声
  • 鴉黃鸦黄
  • 鴉默雀靜鸦默雀静 (yāmoqiǎojìng)
  • 鶻入鴉群鹘入鸦群
  • 鷗鴉鸥鸦

Japanese

鴉(karasu)

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: (e)
  • Kan-on: (a)
  • Kun: からす (karasu, )

Compounds

Kanji in this term
からす
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Etymology

Compound of から (kara, caw, onomatopoeia) + (su, bird?, ancient suffix appearing in certain bird names).[1] Compare the (su) in (uguisu), 杜鵑 (hototogisu).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana からす, katakana カラス, rōmaji karasu)

  1. crow, raven

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Kikai

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (karasu).

Kanji

(hiragana がらさー, romaji garasā, hiragana がるさー, romaji garusā)

Noun

(hiragana がらさー, romaji garasā, hiragana がるさー, romaji garusā)

  1. crow, raven

Korean

Hanja

(a) (hangeul , revised a, McCuneReischauer a, Yale a)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Northern Amami-Oshima

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (karasu).

Kanji

(hiragana からすぃ, romaji karasi)

Noun

(hiragana からすぃ, romaji karasi)

  1. crow, raven

Oki-No-Erabu

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (karasu).

Kanji

(hiragana がらし, romaji garashi)

Noun

(hiragana がらし, romaji garashi)

  1. crow, raven

Vietnamese

Han character

(ác, nha, a)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (karasu).

Kanji

(hiragana がらち, romaji garachi)

Noun

(hiragana がらち, romaji garachi)

  1. crow, raven
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