葡萄

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (葡萄)	葡	萄
simp. ^#(葡萄)	葡	萄
variant forms	蒲陶蒲萄葡桃蒲桃

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): pútáo

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ

(Chengdu, SP): pu² tao²
Cantonese (Jyutping): pou⁴ tou⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): pu² tau
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phù-thò
Jin (Wiktionary): pu¹ tau¹
Min Dong (BUC): può-dò̤ / buò-dò̤ / bù-dò̤
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): phû-tô / phô-tô / phô͘-tô / pô-tô / phôe-tô / pû-tô / pô͘-tô

(Teochew, Peng'im): pu⁵ to⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): bu dau (T3); beq dau (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): bu² dau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: pútáo → pútao (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ → ㄆㄨˊ ˙ㄊㄠ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu.taur
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/ → /pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    葡萄
    蒲桃
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Pinyin: pútáor
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊㄦ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwutaurl
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵ tʰaʊɻʷ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pu² tao²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: putao
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰu²¹ tʰau²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: pou⁴ tou⁴
  - Yale: pòuh tòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pou⁴ tou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: pou⁴ tou⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pu² tau
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰu²⁴ tʰau²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù-thò
  - Hakka Romanization System: puˇ toˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pu² to²
  - IPA: /pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: pu¹ tau¹
  - IPA (old-style): /pʰxu¹¹ tʰxau¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: può-dò̤ / buò-dò̤ / bù-dò̤
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰuo⁵³⁻³³ ^(t-)lo⁵³/, /puo⁵³⁻³³ ^(t-)lo⁵³/, /pu⁵³⁻³³ ^(t-)lo⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Taichung, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-tô
  - Tâi-lô: phû-tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phu'dooi
  - IPA (Penang): /pʰu²³⁻²¹ to²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹² to²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Magong, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô-tô
  - Tâi-lô: phô-tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoi'dooi
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo¹³⁻²² to¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³/
  - IPA (Penang): /pʰo²³⁻²¹ to²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘-tô
  - Tâi-lô: phôo-tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pho'dooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³⁻²² to¹³/
- (Hokkien: Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô-tô
  - Tâi-lô: pô-tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poi'dooi
- (Hokkien: Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phôe-tô
  - Tâi-lô: phuê-tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoe'dooi
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pû-tô
  - Tâi-lô: pû-tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pu'dooi
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘-tô
  - Tâi-lô: pôo-tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: po'dooi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pu⁵ to⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû thô
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰo⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: bu dau (T3); beq dau (T5)
  - IPA ^(key): /b̻v̩ʷ²² d̻ɔ⁴⁴/, /b̻əʔ¹¹ d̻ɔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bu² dau
  - IPA ^(key): /pu¹³ tɒu³/

Middle Chinese: /buo dɑu/▼

Rime
Character	葡	萄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	薄胡切	徒刀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buo/	/dɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/buo/	/dɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/bo/	/dɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɔ/	/daw/
Li Rong	/bo/	/dɑu/
Wang Li	/bu/	/dɑu/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuo/	/dʱɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pú	táo

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*baː l'uː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	葡	萄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3439	12364
Phonetic component	甫	匋
Rime group	魚	幽
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	酺	陶
Old Chinese	/*baː/	/*l'uː/
Notes	古作蒲，今分化字	草名後作蒲陶字

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Bactrian *bādāwa (“wine”) [130 BCE]; compare Persian ‎ (bâde, “wine”) (Schuessler, 2007; Chmielewski, 1958).

Noun

葡萄

grape (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 串 m; 粒; 捾 mn)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 葡萄 (“grape”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		蒲陶, 蒲萄, 蒲桃, 葡萄
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		葡萄
Taxonomic name		葡萄
Mandarin	Beijing	葡萄
	Taiwan	葡萄
	Jinan	葡萄
	Muping	葡萄
	Luoyang	葡萄
	Wanrong	葡萄
	Xi'an	葡萄
	Yinchuan	葡萄
	Ürümqi	葡萄
	Wuhan	葡萄
	Chengdu	葡萄
	Guiyang	葡萄
	Liuzhou	葡萄, 葡萄果
	Yangzhou	葡萄
	Nanjing	葡萄
	Hefei	葡萄
Cantonese	Guangzhou	葡提子, 提子
	Hong Kong	葡提子, 提子
	Taishan	葡提子
	Dongguan	葡提子
	Yangjiang	葡提子
Gan	Nanchang	葡萄
Hakka	Meixian	徒提仔, 葡萄
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	葡萄
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	葡萄
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	葡萄
	Dongshi (Dabu)	葡萄
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	葡萄
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	葡萄
Huizhou	Jixi	葡萄
Jin	Taiyuan	葡萄
Min Bei	Jian'ou	葡萄
Min Dong	Fuzhou	葡萄
Min Nan	Xiamen	葡萄
	Quanzhou	葡萄
	Zhangzhou	葡萄
	Taipei	葡萄
	Kaohsiung	葡萄
	Tainan	葡萄
	Taichung	葡萄
	Hsinchu	葡萄
	Lukang	葡萄
	Sanxia	葡萄
	Yilan	葡萄
	Kinmen	葡萄
	Magong	葡萄
	Penang	葡萄
	Philippines (Manila)	葡萄
	Chaozhou	葡萄
Pinghua	Nanning	葡萄
Wu	Shanghai	葡萄
	Suzhou	葡萄
	Wenzhou	葡萄
	Jinhua	葡萄
	Ningbo	紫胡萄
Xiang	Changsha	葡萄
Xiang	Shuangfeng	葡萄子

Derived terms

Derived terms from 葡萄

吃不到的葡萄是酸的 (chībudào de pútao shì suān de)
山葡萄
海葡萄
紅葡萄藤／红葡萄藤
葡萄乾／葡萄干 (pútáogān)
葡萄園／葡萄园 (pútáoyuán)
葡萄屬／葡萄属
葡萄彈／葡萄弹 (pútáodàn)
葡萄柚 (pútáoyòu)
葡萄汁 (pútáo zhī)
葡萄深碧
葡萄灰
葡萄炸彈／葡萄炸弹
葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
葡萄牙共和國／葡萄牙共和国 (Pútáoyá Gònghéguó)

葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
葡萄目
葡萄石 (pútáoshí)
葡萄科
葡萄糖 (pútáotáng)
葡萄紫
葡萄綠／葡萄绿
葡萄胎 (pútáotāi)
葡萄葉銀蓮花／葡萄叶银莲花
葡萄藤 (pútaoténg)
葡萄酒 (pútáojiǔ)
蛇葡萄
酸葡萄 (suānpútao)
酸葡萄心理

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (葡萄):

→ Japanese: 葡 (ぶ)萄 (どう) (budō)
→ Korean: 포도 (葡萄, podo)
→ Vietnamese: bồ đào (葡萄)

Verb

葡萄

(Cantonese, neologism, slang, from 吃不到的葡萄是酸的) to be jealous; to envy

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of Burmese ပူတာအို (putaui).

Proper noun

葡萄

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
葡	萄
ぶ Jinmeiyō	どう Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 葡萄 (buo-dâu) (compare modern Mandarin pútáo), from Bactrian *bādāwa (“wine”).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) ぶどー [bùdóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA^(key): [bɯ̟ᵝdo̞ː]

Noun

葡萄 (hiragana ぶどう, katakana ブドウ, rōmaji budō, historical hiragana ぶだう)

grape

Derived terms

焦 (しょう)性 (せい)葡 (ぶ)萄 (どう)酸 (さん) (shōseibudōsan, “pyruvic acid”)
葡萄色 (ぶどういろ) (budōiro, “grape (colour)”)
葡 (ぶ)萄 (どう)園 (えん) (budōen, “vineyard”)
葡 (ぶ)萄 (どう)球 (きゅう)菌 (きん) (budōkyūkin, “staphylococcus”)
葡萄栽培 (ぶどうさいばい) (budōsaibai, “viticulture”)
葡 (ぶ)萄 (どう)酒 (しゅ) (budōshu, “wine”)
葡萄石 (ぶどうせき) (budōseki, “prehnite”)
葡萄畑 (ぶどうばたけ) (budōbatake, “vineyard”)
葡 (ぶ)萄 (どう)弾 (だん) (budōdan, “grapeshot”)
葡 (ぶ)萄 (どう)糖 (とう) (budōtō, “glucose”)
葡萄膜 (ぶどうまく) (budōmaku, “uvea”)
干 (ほ)し葡 (ぶ)萄 (どう) (hoshibudō, “raisin”)
山葡萄 (やまぶどう) (yamabudō, “crimson glory vine”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
葡	萄
Jinmeiyō	Jinmeiyō
Irregular

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- IPA^(key): [e̞bʲi]

Noun

葡萄 (hiragana えび, rōmaji ebi)

(obsolete) grape

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
葡	萄

Noun

葡萄 • (podo) (hangeul 포도)

Hanja form^? of 포도 (“grape”).

Derived terms

건포도 (乾葡萄, geonpodo, “raisin”)
포도나무 (葡萄-, podonamu, “grapevine”)
포도덩굴 (葡萄-, pododeonggul, “grapevine”)
포도밭 (葡萄-, podobat, “vineyard”)
포돗빛 (葡萄-, podotbit, “grape color”)
포도송이 (葡萄-, podosong-i, “bunch, cluster of grapes”)
포도주 (葡萄酒, podoju, “wine”)
포도주스 (葡萄-, podojuseu, “grape juice”)
포도씨 (葡萄-, podossi, “grapeseed”)
포도씨기름 (葡萄-, podossigireum, “grapeseed oil”)
포도씨유 (葡萄-油, podossiyu, “grapeseed oil”)
포도알 (葡萄-, podoal, “a grape”)
포도원 (葡萄園, podowon, “vineyard”)
포도차 (葡萄茶, podocha, “grape tea”)
햇포도 (-葡萄, haetpodo, “the first harvested grape of the year”)

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
葡	萄

Noun

葡萄

Hán tự form of bồ đào (“grape”).

References

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN