葡萄牙

Chinese

		grape; to be jealous; to envy	tooth; ivory
trad. (葡萄牙)		葡萄	牙
simp. ^#(葡萄牙)		葡萄	牙

Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of Portuguese Portugal or Latin Portugallia, possibly via Min Nan 葡萄牙 (Phû-tô-gâ).

The selection of 葡萄 (“grape”) in the phonetic transcription alludes to the importance of viniculture to the early Portuguese missionaries to China, who used grapes to make sacramental wine (葡萄酒).

Compare 西班牙 (Xībānyá, “Spain”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Pútáoyá

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄧㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pou⁴ tou⁴ ngaa⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Phù-thò-ngà
Min Dong (BUC): Buò-dò̤-ngà
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Phû-tô-gâ / Phô-tô-gâ / Phû-tô-gê / Phô-tô-gêe

(Teochew, Peng'im): pu⁵ to⁵ ghê⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): bu dau nga (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Pútáoyá
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄧㄚˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Pwutaurya
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Pútáoyá
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: pou⁴ tou⁴ ngaa⁴
  - Yale: pòuh tòuh ngàh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pou⁴ tou⁴ ngaa⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: pou⁴ tou⁴ nga⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹ ŋäː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Phù-thò-ngà
  - Hakka Romanization System: puˇ toˇ ngaˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pu² to² nga²
  - IPA: /pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹ ŋa¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Buò-dò̤-ngà
  - IPA ^(key): /puo⁵³⁻³³ ^(t-)lo⁵³⁻³³ ŋa⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phû-tô-gâ
  - Tâi-lô: Phû-tô-gâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phu'doi'gaa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴⁻²² ga²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ ga²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ ga²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phô-tô-gâ
  - Tâi-lô: Phô-tô-gâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoi'doi'gaa
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ ga²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ ga²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phû-tô-gê
  - Tâi-lô: Phû-tô-gê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phu'doi'gee
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ ge²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ ge²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phô-tô-gêe
  - Tâi-lô: Phô-tô-gêe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo¹³⁻²² to¹³⁻²² gɛ¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pu⁵ to⁵ ghê⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû thô gê
  - IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡe⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: bu dau nga (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /b̻v̩ʷ²² d̻ɔ⁵⁵ ŋa̱²¹/

Proper noun

葡萄牙

Portugal

Synonyms

(short form) 葡國／葡国 (Púguó)

Derived terms

葡萄牙人 (pútáoyárén)
葡萄牙共和國／葡萄牙共和国 (Pútáoyá Gònghéguó)

葡萄牙語／葡萄牙语 (pútáoyáyǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (葡萄牙):

→ Vietnamese: Bồ Đào Nha (葡萄牙)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
葡	萄	牙
ぽる Jinmeiyō	と Jinmeiyō	がる Grade: S
Irregular

Etymology

The kanji are ateji (当て字), from Chinese 葡萄牙

Proper noun

葡萄牙 (katakana ポルトガル, rōmaji Porutogaru)

Rare spelling of ポルトガル (“Portugal”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
葡	萄	牙

Proper noun

葡萄牙

Hán tự form of Bồ Đào Nha (“Portugal”).

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