化

化 U+5316, 化
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5316
← 匕
[U+5315] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 北 →
[U+5317]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

化 (radical 21, 匕+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人心 (OP), four-corner 24210, composition ⿰亻𠤎(GV) or ⿰亻匕(HTJK))

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 152, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 109, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5316

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 化

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 化
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訛 *ŋʷaːl
吪 *ŋʷaːl
鈋 *ŋʷaːl
囮 *lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤 *ŋʷaːl
靴 *hʷa
貨 *hŋʷaːls
花 *hʷraː
化 *hŋʷraːls
杹 *hŋʷraːls
匕 *pilʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) of two 人 (“person”), one upright (亻) and one upside down (𠤎) — reversal; change. Shuowen also considers 𠤎 to be a phonetic component.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation
Note:
  • hòa - literary;
  • hòe - vernacular;
  • òa - to cause to ferment.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 化
Mandarin Beijing /xua⁵¹/
Harbin /xua⁵³/
Tianjin /xuɑ⁵³/
Jinan /xua²¹/
Qingdao /xua⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xua³¹²/
Xi'an /xua⁴⁴/
Xining /xua²¹³/
Yinchuan /xua¹³/
Lanzhou /xua¹³/
Ürümqi /xua²¹³/
Wuhan /xua³⁵/
Chengdu /xua¹³/
Guiyang /xua²¹³/
Kunming /xua̠²¹²/
Nanjing /xuɑ⁴⁴/
Hefei /xua⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xua⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xuɑ³⁵/
Hohhot /xua⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ho³⁵/
/hua³⁵/
Suzhou /ho⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /huɑ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ho⁴²/
Hui Shexian /xua³²⁴/
Tunxi /xuːə⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /fa⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /xuɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /fɑ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fa⁵³/
Taoyuan /fɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fa³³/
Nanning /fa³³/
Hong Kong /fa³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hua²¹/
/hue²¹/
/ua²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huɑ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xua³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hue²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hua³⁵/
/hue³⁵/
Rime
Character 化
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 呼霸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hˠuaH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hʷᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwaɨH/
Li
Rong		 /xuaH/
Wang
Li		 /xwaH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xwaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huà
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 化
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huà
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwæH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/
English transform

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 化
Reading # 1/1
No. 5327
Phonetic
component		 化
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 化
Old
Chinese		 /*hŋʷraːls/

Definitions

化

  1. to change; to transform
  2. to become; to turn into
  3. † to die
  4. to melt
  5. to dissolve
  6. Suffix denoting "change into ...". Akin to English -ize and -ization.
  7. Short for 教化 (jiàohuà, “enlightenment; cultivation”).
  8. Short for 化學／化学 (huàxué, “chemistry”).

Compounds
Derived terms from 化

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 化 – see 花 (“flower; blossom; florid; flowery; etc.”).
(This character, 化, is a variant form of 花.)

Compounds
  • 叫化子雞／叫化子鸡

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 化 – see 貨 (“goods; commodities; products”).
(This character, 化, is a variant form of 貨.)

Japanese

Kanji
化

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Suffix

化 (hiragana か, rōmaji -ka)

  1. -ization, -ification; action of making something that way

Korean

Hanja

化 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa)

  1. to transform

Vietnamese

Han character

化 (hoá)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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