所以

Chinese
actually; place; (nominalisation prefix)
 
to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)
simp. and trad.
(所以)		 所 以

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 所 以
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 魚 (22) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 踈舉切 羊己切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃɨʌX/ /jɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃiɔX/ /jɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃiɔX/ /ieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂɨə̆X/ /jɨX/
Li
Rong		 /ʃiɔX/ /iəX/
Wang
Li		 /ʃĭoX/ /jĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂi̯woX/ /iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shǔ yǐ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 所 所 以
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 suǒ suǒ yǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srjoX › ‹ xuX › ‹ yiX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-qʰ<r>aʔ/ /*qʰaʔ/ /*ləʔ/
English place (n.); that which 所所 = 許許 = 滸滸 sound of hewing wood take, use

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 所 以
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 5306 14929
Phonetic
component		 戸 以
Rime
group		 魚 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 所 以
Old
Chinese		 /*sqʰraʔ/ /*lɯʔ/

Conjunction

所以

  1. therefore; so; consequently
    明天要考試了，所以我今天只能留在家裡複習功課。 [MSC, trad.]
    明天要考试了，所以我今天只能留在家里复习功课。 [MSC, simp.]
    Míngtiān yào kǎoshì le, suǒyǐ wǒ jīntiān zhǐ néng liú zài jiālǐ fùxí gōngkè. [Pinyin]
    I have a test tomorrow, so I have to stay at home today and review my homework.
    他是南方人，所以一張口說話就帶有南方口音。 [MSC, trad.]
    他是南方人，所以一张口说话就带有南方口音。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shì nánfāngrén, suǒyǐ yī zhāngkǒu shuōhuà jiù dàiyǒu nánfāng kǒuyīn. [Pinyin]
    He is from the South, so when he opens his mouth to speak, you can hear his Southern accent.
  2. Used in the first part of a sentence to indicate a reason that will be explained in the second part of the sentence.
    我所以要反對這個計畫，是因為我覺得其中有不少疏漏。 [MSC, trad.]
    我所以要反对这个计画，是因为我觉得其中有不少疏漏。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ suǒyǐ yào fǎnduì zhège jìhuà, shì yīnwèi wǒ juéde qízhōng yǒu bùshào shūlòu. [Pinyin]
    My reason for opposing this plan, is because I feel that there are quite a few holes in it.

Synonyms
  • (therefore):

Noun

所以

  1. (literary) that by which
  2. (literary) the reason why
  3. (literary) proper behaviour

Derived terms
  • 所以然

References
  • 蔡俊明 (Cai Junming), editor (1991), “所以 so˥˧꜔꜒ i~˥˧꜕꜖”, in 《潮州方言詞滙》 (Chaozhou fangyan cihui), 香港 (Hong Kong): 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
所 以
Grade: 3 Grade: 4
Irregular

Etymology

Shift from ゆえになり (yue ni nari) → ゆえんなり (yue n nari) → ゆえん (yue-n). See 故 (yue).[1][2][3] The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation
  • (Irregular reading)

Noun

所以 (hiragana ゆえん, rōmaji yuen, historical hiragana ゆゑん)

  1. reason, grounds

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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