夭折

Chinese

		tender; gentle; to die prematurely	tenth (in price); to break; to fold tenth (in price); to break; to fold; to turn; broken (as of rope, stick)
simp. and trad. (夭折)		夭	折

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yāozhé, yǎozhé

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄠㄓㄜˊ, ㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu² zit³, jiu¹ zit³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yêu-chat
Min Nan (POJ): iau-chiat / iáu-chiat

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yāozhé
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠㄓㄜˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iaujer
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yaojhé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǎozhé
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄜˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeaujer
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎojhé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jiu² zit³, jiu¹ zit³
  - Yale: yíu jit, yīu jit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jiu² dzit⁸, jiu¹ dzit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: yiu² jid³, yiu¹ jid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯³⁵ t͡siːt̚³/, /jiːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

Note: jiu1 zit3 - common variant.

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-chat
  - Hakka Romanization System: ieu´ zad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹ zad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯²⁴ t͡sat̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-chat
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu´ zad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹ zad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯²⁴ t͡sat̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iau-chiat
  - Tâi-lô: iau-tsiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iauciad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iaʊ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕiɛt̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʊ³³ t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáu-chiat
  - Tâi-lô: iáu-tsiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iawciad
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaʊ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɛt̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iaʊ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɛt̚³²/

Verb

夭折

to die young
(figuratively) to come to a premature end; to be short-lived; to be aborted prematurely

Synonyms

(die young):

edit

Synonyms of 夭折

㾀歹 (Min Nan)
上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (die of old age)
升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
即世 (jíshì) (literary)
去世 (qùshì)
喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (formal)
喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory)
回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemism, humorous)
圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
夭壽／夭寿 (yāoshòu) (die young)
夭壽死／夭寿死 (Min Nan, die young)
夭逝 (yāoshì) (literary, die young)
安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
就義／就义 (jiùyì) (die a martyr)
崩殂 (bēngcú) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
捐軀／捐躯 (juānqū) (sacrifice one's life)
捨身／舍身 (shěshēn) (sacrifice one's life)
斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
早死 (zǎosǐ) (die young)
晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
歸西／归西 (guīxī)
歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
死 (sǐ)
死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)

殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
沒世／没世 (mòshì)
消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
無去／无去 (Min Nan)
物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
犧牲／牺牲 (xīshēng) (give one's life for a certain cause)
獻身／献身 (xiànshēn) (sacrifice one's life)
瓜 (guā) (Cantonese, slang, humorous)
百年 (bǎinián) (Min Nan)
百歲／百岁 (bǎisuì) (Min Nan)
百歲年老／百岁年老 (Min Nan)
翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
老去 (Min Nan)
薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
蟯歹／蛲歹 (Min Nan, humorous)
蟯癱／蛲瘫 (Min Nan, humorous)
行去 (Min Nan, euphemistic)
行雞／行鸡 (Min Nan, humorous)
見閻王／见阎王 (jiànyánwáng)
賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
賣鹹鴨蛋／卖咸鸭蛋 (mài xiányādàn) (Cantonese)
走了 (zǒule) (euphemistic)
走去踮 (Min Nan, euphemistic)
走咗 (Cantonese)
赴死 (fùsǐ) (give one's life for a certain cause)
辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary)
逝世 (shìshì)
過世／过世 (guòshì)
過往／过往 (guòwǎng) (Min Nan)
過氣／过气 (guòqì) (Min Nan)
過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
過面／过面 (Min Nan)
釘／钉 (dīng) (Cantonese, slang)
長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
陣亡／阵亡 (zhènwáng) (die in battle)
離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
香咗 (Cantonese)
馬滴／马滴 (Min Nan)
駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
夭	折
よう Hyōgaiji	せつ Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

From Sinitic 夭折.

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) よーせつ [yòósétsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA^(key): [jo̞ːse̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

夭折 (hiragana ようせつ, rōmaji yōsetsu)

a premature death, dying while still young

Synonyms

夭逝 (ようせい) (yōsei)

Verb

夭折する (suru conjugation, hiragana ようせつする, rōmaji yōsetsu suru)

to die prematurely, to die while still young

Conjugation

Conjugation of "夭折する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	夭折し	ようせつし	yōsetsu shi
Continuative (連用形)	夭折し	ようせつし	yōsetsu shi
Terminal (終止形)	夭折する	ようせつする	yōsetsu suru
Attributive (連体形)	夭折する	ようせつする	yōsetsu suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	夭折すれ	ようせつすれ	yōsetsu sure
Imperative (命令形)	夭折せよ¹ 夭折しろ²	ようせつせよ¹ ようせつしろ²	yōsetsu seyo¹ yōsetsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	夭折される	ようせつされる	yōsetsu sareru
Causative	夭折させる夭折さす	ようせつさせるようせつさす	yōsetsu saseru yōsetsu sasu
Potential	夭折できる	ようせつできる	yōsetsu dekiru
Volitional	夭折しよう	ようせつしよう	yōsetsu shiyō
Negative	夭折しない	ようせつしない	yōsetsu shinai
Negative continuative	夭折せず	ようせつせず	yōsetsu sezu
Formal	夭折します	ようせつします	yōsetsu shimasu
Perfective	夭折した	ようせつした	yōsetsu shita
Conjunctive	夭折して	ようせつして	yōsetsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	夭折すれば	ようせつすれば	yōsetsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
夭	折

Noun

夭折 • (yojeol) (hangeul 요절)

Hanja form^? of 요절 (“premature death”).

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[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN