U+52A9, 助
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A9

[U+52A8]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+52AA]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 19, +5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月一大尸 (BMKS), four-corner 74127, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 146, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2313
  • Dae Jaweon: page 330, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 368, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+52A9

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*zaːl, *zaː
*zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ
*rnaː, *ʔsraː
*ʔsjaː, *zaʔ
*ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ
*ʔsjaː
*ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ
*ʔsjaːʔ
*ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
*ʔsjaːʔ
*sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa
*sʰjaːs, *sʰa
*sʰjaːs
*ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː
*ʔsraː
*ʔsraː
*ʔsraː
*ʔsraː
*zraː
*zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa
*ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ
*ʔsaː
*ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
*ʔsaːʔ
*ʔsaːʔ
*ʔsaːʔ
*ʔsaːʔ
*sʰaː, *zaːʔ
*zaː
*zaː
*zaːʔ, *zras
*zaːʔ, *sʰa
*ʔsa, *sʰa
*ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra
*ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ
*sʰa
*sʰa
*sʰa, *sʰas
*sʰa
*sʰa
*sʰa, *sʰas
*sʰas
*sʰas
*sʰas
*zaʔ
*das
*ʔsra
*ʔsra
*ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
*ʔsraʔ
*ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
*zra, *zraʔ
*zra
*zra
*zra, *zras
*zraʔ
*zras

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zras) : phonetic  (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) + semantic  (strong arm) – to help with one’s strength.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡su⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu³¹²/
Xi'an /p͡fu⁴⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡su¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡səu³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡su¹³/
Guiyang /t͡su²¹³/
Kunming /t͡su²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡su⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡su⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡su⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sz̩ʷ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡su⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zu²³/
Suzhou /zəu³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zu¹³/
Wenzhou /zɤu²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰu²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰəu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰəu⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /d͡zəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔ²²/
Nanning /t͡sɔ²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔ²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sɔ²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡su⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡so³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /to³³/ 訓佐

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (20)
Final () (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʒɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖ͡ʐiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʒiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖ͡ʐɨə̆H/
Li
Rong
/d͡ʒiɔH/
Wang
Li
/d͡ʒĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhù
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhù
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzrjoH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]ra-s/
English help (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10457
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zras/

Definitions

  1. to help; to aid; to assist

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Noun

(hiragana すけ, rōmaji suke)

  1. assistance

Prefix

(hiragana じょ, rōmaji jo-)

  1. help
  2. assistant

Korean

Hanja

(jo) (hangeul , revised jo, McCuneReischauer cho, Yale co)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(trợ, rợ, chợ, chữa, đợ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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