仁

See also: 忈
仁 U+4EC1, 仁
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC1
← 什
[U+4EC0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 仂 →
[U+4EC2]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

仁 (radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人一一 (OMM), four-corner 21210, composition ⿰亻二)

Derived characters
  • 𣲚, 𣏴, 𭸹, 𥄰, 𫴮, 𠣒, 芢, 𬿎, 𦓍, 𡛉, 佞

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 91, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 349
  • Dae Jaweon: page 193, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 107, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4EC1

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 仁
variant forms 𡰥
忎
忈

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 仁
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b12242

Small seal script

s05656

Transcribed ancient scripts

L31211

L31212

L31213

L31214

L31215

L31216

L31217

L31218

L04651

L04652

L04653

L04654

L04655

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
千 *sn̥ʰiːn
仟 *sn̥ʰiːn
芊 *sn̥ʰiːn, *sn̥ʰiːns
阡 *sn̥ʰiːn
汘 *sn̥ʰiːn
迁 *sn̥ʰiːn
杄 *sn̥ʰiːn
人 *njin
仁 *njin
朲 *njin
佞 *neːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njin) : phonetic 人 (OC *njin) + semantic 二

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“heart; brain; mind”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Tangkhul Naga ning (“mind”), Manipuri [script needed] (puk ning, “heart; mind”), Kinnauri [script needed] (stiŋ, “heart”), Garo taning (“brain”), Achang nhaiqlom (“heart”), Bisu [script needed] (nɯŋ ba, “heart”). Possibly related to Tibetan ཉིང (nying, “pith, essence”) (Schuessler, 2007).

For a parallel semantic development, compare Tibetan སྙིང་རྗེ (snying rje, “compassion; kindness; mercy”), from Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart; mind”).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 仁
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ȵiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ȵin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȵʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ȵin/
Li
Rong		 /ȵiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 rén
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 仁
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 rén
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nyin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*niŋ/
English kind

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 仁
Reading # 1/1
No. 10801
Phonetic
component		 人
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 仁
Old
Chinese		 /*njin/

Definitions

仁

  1. compassionate
  2. humaneness; benevolence; kindness
  3. kernel

Compounds
Derived terms from 仁

Japanese

Kanji
仁

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. benevolence

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Proper noun

仁 (hiragana ひとし, rōmaji Hitoshi, alternative reading じん, rōmaji Jin, alternative reading まさし, rōmaji Masashi)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

仁 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in)

  1. benevolence

Vietnamese

Han character

仁 (nhân, nhơn)

  1. benevolence

References
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