-im

• -em
• -um

From English him, 'em

-im

1. Indicates a transitive verb

The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is i, then the suffix is -im. Otherwise, use -em or -um.

-i (possessive plural) +‎ -m (first-person singular personal suffix)

• IPA^(key): [im]

-im

1. (possessive suffix) my ... -s (first-person singular, multiple possessions)

   kapu (“gate”) → a kapuim (“my gates”)

   palota (“palace”) → a palotáim (“my palaces”)

   érme (“coin”) → az érméim (“my coins”)

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -im is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -aim is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -eim is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -jaim is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

  -jeim is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

For back vowel words:

For front vowel words:

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

• -aim
• -aím
• -ím

• IPA^(key): [əmʲ]

-im

1. first-person singular present indicative and imperative ending of verbs

• This form is attached to first-conjugation verbs with stems ending in either a slender consonant or a vowel;
• Used in place of the pronoun mé:

  ‎feic + ‎-im → ‎feicim (“I see”)

  ‎súigh + ‎-im → ‎súim (“I suck”) (stem sú-)

• -ím

• -em
• -um

From English him, 'em.

-im

1. Indicates a transitive verb

The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is i, then the suffix is -im. Otherwise, use -em or -um.

• IPA^(key): /ˈĩ/

-im m (plural -ins)

1. (uncommon) forms diminutives
2. Pronunciation spelling of -inho, representing especially Minas Gerais Portuguese.

• -in', -in

From English him, 'em

-im

1. Indicates a transitive verb

From Ottoman Turkish م‎ (-m, ım, -im, “first-person singular possessive suffix”), from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (-m, um, -üm, “first-person singular possessive suffix”), from Proto-Turkic [Term?]. Cognate to Old Turkic 𐰢‎ (-m, -ım, -im, -um, -üm, “first-person singular possessive suffix”).

-im

1. First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.

   ev (“house”) → evim (“my house”)

   ofis (“office”) → ofisim (“my office”)

• Turkish has word-final stress. Usually, when the possessive suffix -im is the last syllable of a word, it takes the stress. See also the first usage note of Etymology 2. However, when suffixed to a word with anomalous stress, the same syllable is stressed as before; for example, İzmir /ˈiz.miɾ/ + -im → İzmir’im /ˈiz.mi.ɾim/ (“my Izmir”).
• If the noun ends in a vowel, the vowel of the possessive suffix is elided, becoming -m:

  kedi (“cat”) + -im → kedim (“my cat”).

• The suffix obeys vowel harmony and is used for words whose last vowel is e or i, and a small number of loan words; for example, saat (“watch”) + -im → saatim (“my watch”). It may change into -ım, -um and -üm according to the last vowel of the word it is suffixed to. Examples:

  kız (“girl”) + -im → kızım (”my girl”) (used when the last vowel is “a” or “ı”);

  yol (“road”) + -im → yolum (”my road”) (used when the last vowel is “o” or “u”);

  yüz (“face”) + -im → yüzüm (”my face”) (used when `the last vowel is “ö” or “ü”).

• When a stem ends in a voiced consonant, it may become devoiced in syllable-final position. If a word ends in a thus devoiced “p”, “ç”, “t” or “k”, suffixing it with -im changes it back into a voiced “b”, “c”, “d” or “ğ”:

  sebep (“reason”) + -im → sebebim (”my reason”);

  çekiç (“hammer”) + -im → çekicim (”my hammer”);

  senet (“bill”) + -im → senedim (”my bill}}

  çiçek (“flower”) + -im → çiçeğim (”my flower”).

• In many words that are originally monosyllables ending in two consonants, an epenthic “i” is inserted between these consonants. When suffixed with -im, the epenthic “i” is dropped:

  beyin (“brain”) + -im → beynim (”my brain”).

• -miz, -imiz (“first-person plural possessive suffix”)

From Ottoman Turkish م‎ (-ım, -im, “first-person singular suffix”), from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (-ven, “first-person singular suffix”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-bẹn (see ben (“I”)). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰢𐰤‎ (-men, “first person singular suffix”), Karakhanid مَنْ‎ (men, “I, first person singular postposition”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (-men, “first person singular suffix”).

The suffix ultimately merged with the first-person singular possessive suffix (see Etymology 1 above) following the road *-bẹn → *-vẹn → *-ẹn → *-ẹm → -im. 11th-century Karakhanid scholar of Turkic languages Kashgari already hints that the Oghuz use *-en dropping /m/ as opposed to the Karakhanid using "-men" Compare Turkmen -in, -än (“first-person singular suffix”), Azerbaijani -əm (“first-person singular suffix”). For a similar case of loss of initial /b/ at the suffix level, compare -iz (“first-person plural suffix”), from Common Turkic *biz (see biz (“we”)).

-im

1. Conjugation of the verb "to be" for first-person singular, simple present tense.

   güzel (“beautiful”) → güzelim (“I am beautiful”)

2. Personal suffix for "ben" ("I" - first person singular)

   gel- (“come”) + -ecek (“future tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → geleceğim (“I will come”)

   sev- (“love”) + -(e)r (“present tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → severim (“I like, enjoy”)

• In Turkish, as a word final stress language, when this suffix is at the end of a word it does not take the stress due to not being originally a suffix; therefore a differentiation is realized where the possessive suffix carries the stress. See also the first usage note on Etymology 1.

  bel (“waist”) + -im (“first person suffix for "to be"”) → bélim (“I am (the) waist”), as opposed to bel (“waist”) + -im (“first-person possessive suffix”) → belím (“my waist”)

  gel- (“come”) + -(i)r (“present tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → gelírim (“I come”), as opposed to gelir (“income”) + -im (“first-person possessive suffix”) → gelirím (“my income”)

  gel- (“come”) + -ecek (“future tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → gelecéğim (“I will come”), as opposed to gelecek (“future”) + -im (“first-person possessive suffix”) → geleceğím (“my future”) or also alternatively gelecek (“future”) + -im (“first person suffix for "to be"”) → gelecéğim (“I am (the) future”)

• If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "y" (for the verb to be).

  terli (“sweaty”) → terliyim (“I am sweaty”)

• It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.

  Zafer → Zafer'im (“I am Zafer”)

• It's always -um in present continuous tense. And in other tenses, the personal suffix may also be -ım, -um, -üm according to the last vowel of the word.

  ver- (“give”) + -iyor (“present continuous tense marker”) + -um (“personal suffix”) → veriyorum (“I am giving”)

  üzül- (“be sad”) + -(ü)r (“present tense marker”) + -üm (“personal suffix”) → üzülürüm (“I become sad”)

  kal- (“stay”) + -(ı)r (“present tense marker”) + -ım (“personal suffix”) → kalırım (“I stay”)

  bul- (“find”) + -(u)r (“present tense marker”) + -um (“personal suffix”) → bulurum (“I find”)

• ben (“I”)

From Ottoman Turkish م‎ (-ım, -im, “first-person singular suffix”), from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (-ven, “first-person singular suffix”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-bẹn (see ben (“I”)). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰢𐰤‎ (-men, “first person singular suffix”), Karakhanid مَنْ‎ (men, “I, first person singular postposition”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (-men, “first person singular suffix”).

The suffix ultimately merged with the first-person singular possessive suffix (see Etymology 1 above) following the road *-bẹn → *-vẹn → *-ẹn → *-ẹm → -im. 11th-century Karakhanid scholar of Turkic languages Kashgari already hints that the Oghuz use *-en dropping /m/ as opposed to the Karakhanid using "-men" Compare Turkmen -in, -än (“first-person singular suffix”), Azerbaijani -əm (“first-person singular suffix”). For a similar case of loss of initial /b/ at the suffix level, compare -iz (“first-person plural suffix”), from Common Turkic *biz (see biz (“we”)).

-im

1. Conjugation of the verb "to be" for first-person singular, simple present tense.

   güzel (“beautiful”) → güzelim (“I am beautiful”)

2. Personal suffix for "ben" ("I" - first person singular)

   gel- (“come”) + -ecek (“future tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → geleceğim (“I will come”)

   sev- (“love”) + -(e)r (“present tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → severim (“I like, enjoy”)

• In Turkish, as a word final stress language, when this suffix is at the end of a word it does not take the stress due to not being originally a suffix; therefore a differentiation is realized where the possessive suffix carries the stress. See also the first usage note on Etymology 1.

  bel (“waist”) + -im (“first person suffix for "to be"”) → bélim (“I am (the) waist”), as opposed to bel (“waist”) + -im (“first-person possessive suffix”) → belím (“my waist”)

  gel- (“come”) + -(i)r (“present tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → gelírim (“I come”), as opposed to gelir (“income”) + -im (“first-person possessive suffix”) → gelirím (“my income”)

  gel- (“come”) + -ecek (“future tense marker”) + -im (“personal suffix”) → gelecéğim (“I will come”), as opposed to gelecek (“future”) + -im (“first-person possessive suffix”) → geleceğím (“my future”) or also alternatively gelecek (“future”) + -im (“first person suffix for "to be"”) → gelecéğim (“I am (the) future”)

• If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "y" (for the verb to be).

  terli (“sweaty”) → terliyim (“I am sweaty”)

• It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.

  Zafer → Zafer'im (“I am Zafer”)

• It's always -um in present continuous tense. And in other tenses, the personal suffix may also be -ım, -um, -üm according to the last vowel of the word.

  ver- (“give”) + -iyor (“present continuous tense marker”) + -um (“personal suffix”) → veriyorum (“I am giving”)

  üzül- (“be sad”) + -(ü)r (“present tense marker”) + -üm (“personal suffix”) → üzülürüm (“I become sad”)

  kal- (“stay”) + -(ı)r (“present tense marker”) + -ım (“personal suffix”) → kalırım (“I stay”)

  bul- (“find”) + -(u)r (“present tense marker”) + -um (“personal suffix”) → bulurum (“I find”)

• ben (“I”)

-im

1. attached to a verb stem, forming a noun that represents an instance of, or a result of performing, the action implied by the verb

   de- (“to say”) → deyim (“saying”)

   dil- (“to cut into slices”) → dilim (“slice”)

   giy- (“to wear”) → giyim (“clothing”)

   seç- (“to choose”) → seçim (“choice, election”)

   yut- (“to swallow”) → yudum (“gulp”) or yutum (“swallowing”)

• When the verb stem ends in a vowel, the buffer consonant y is inserted. As the last example shows, this suffix obeys the usual vowel harmony. Words formed with this suffix take word-final stress.

-im (-им) (Cyrillic)

1. First-person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a consonant. It has the same meaning as "mening" (my) placed before a noun.

   Bu kitobim.

   This is my book.