feic
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish ·aicci (“sees”), prototonic form of ad·cí, from Proto-Celtic *ad-kʷis-o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“observe”) (compare Sanskrit चायति (cāyati, “perceives”)) or Proto-Indo-European *kʷes- (compare Sanskrit चक्षति (cakṣati, “sees”)). The initial f- of the Modern Irish form comes from the misinterpretation of aic- as lenited fhaic- (later modified to fheic). Compare Scottish Gaelic faic.
The independent past indicative form chonaic is from Old Irish ad·condairc, perfect of ad·cí, from the Proto-Celtic stem *derk-, from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʲɛc/
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
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Verb
feic (present analytic feiceann, future analytic feicfidh, verbal noun feiceáil, past participle feicthe)
Conjugation
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Dependent form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
In older literary language and Munster, the present indicative, past habitual, future, and conditional have independent forms built on the stem chí- (in West Kerry delenited to cí-); the feic- forms listed above are dependent and are only used in the present and habitual. The verbal noun is also different in Munster:
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present independent | chím; cím¶ |
chí tú; chíonn tú; chír; cíonn tú¶ |
chí sé, sí; chíonn sé, sí; cíonn sé, sí¶ |
chímid; címíd¶ |
chí sibh; chíonn sibh; cíonn sibh¶ |
chí siad; chíonn siad; chíd; cíonn siad¶; cíd¶ |
a chí; a chíonn; a chíos |
chítear; cítear¶ |
past habitual independent | chínn | chítheá | chíodh sé, sí | chímis | chíodh sibh | chídís; chíodh siad |
a chíodh | chítí | |
future independent | chífidh mé; chífead; cífidh mé¶; cífead¶ |
chífidh tú; chífir; cífidh tú¶; cífir¶ |
chífidh sé, sí; cífidh sé, sí¶ |
chífimid; cífimid¶ |
chífidh sibh; cífidh sibh¶ |
chífidh siad; chífid; cífidh siad¶; cífid¶ |
a chífidh; a chífeas |
chífear; cífear¶ | |
conditional independent | chífinn | chífeá | chífeadh sé, sí | chífimis | chífeadh sibh | chífidís; chífeadh siad |
a chífeadh | chífí | |
verbal noun | feiscint |
¶ West Kerry
In Ulster, the present indicative, past habitual, future, and conditional have independent forms built on the stem tí- (also spelled tchí-); the feic- forms listed above are dependent and are only used in the present and habitual. The simple past indicative independent form is thainic or thanaic (the dependent form being faca, as in the standard language):
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
feic | fheic | bhfeic |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- "feic" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- Entries containing “feic” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “feic” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.