Lijst van chemische elementen
Dit artikel bevat een lijst van scheikundige elementen en geeft weer welke chemische symbolen welk element voorstellen.
Nummer | symbool | Naam | Groep | Periode | Atoommassa (g/mol) | Dichtheid (g/cm³) bij 20°C | Smeltpunt (°C) | Kookpunt (°C) | Jaar van ontdekking | Ontdekker |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | H | waterstof | 1 | 1 | 1,007 94 | 0,000 084[1] | −259,1 | −252,9 | 1766 | Cavendish |
2 | He | helium | 18 | 1 | 4,002 602 | 0,000 17[2] | −272,2 | −268,9 | 1895 | Jansen en Lockyer |
3 | Li | lithium | 1 | 2 | 6,941 | 0,53 | 180,5 | 1317 | 1817 | Arfvedson |
4 | Be | beryllium | 2 | 2 | 9,012 182 | 1,85 | 1278 | 2970 | 1797 | Vauquelin |
5 | B | boor, borium | 13 | 2 | 10,811 | 2,46 | 2300 | 2550 | 1808 | Davy en Gay-Lussac |
6 | C | koolstof | 14 | 2 | 12,011 | 3,51 | 3550 | 4827 | prehistorisch | |
7 | N | stikstof | 15 | 2 | 14,006 74 | 0,001 17[1] | −209,9 | −195,8 | 1772 | Rutherford |
8 | O | zuurstof | 16 | 2 | 15,9994 | 0,001 33[1] | −218,4 | −182,9 | 1774 | Priestley en Scheele |
9 | F | fluor | 17 | 2 | 18,998 4032 | 0,001 58[1] | −219,6 | −188,1 | 1886 | Moissan |
10 | Ne | neon | 18 | 2 | 20,1797 | 0,000 84 | −248,7 | −246,1 | 1898 | Ramsay en Travers |
11 | Na | natrium | 1 | 3 | 22,989 768 | 0,97 | 97,8 | 892 | 1807 | Davy |
12 | Mg | magnesium | 2 | 3 | 24,305 | 1,74 | 648,8 | 1107 | 1755 | Black |
13 | Al | aluminium | 13 | 3 | 26,981 539 | 2,70 | 660,5 | 2467 | 1825 | Ørsted |
14 | Si | silicium | 14 | 3 | 28,0855 | 2,33 | 1410 | 2355 | 1824 | Berzelius |
15 | P | fosfor | 15 | 3 | 30,973 762 | 1,82 | 44 (P4) | 280 (P4) | 1669 | Brand |
16 | S | zwavel | 16 | 3 | 32,066 | 2,06 | 113 | 444,7 | prehistorisch | |
17 | Cl | chloor | 17 | 3 | 35,4527 | 0,002 95[1] | −101 | −34,6 | 1774 | Scheele |
18 | Ar | argon | 18 | 3 | 39,948 | 0,001 66 | −189,4 | −185,9 | 1894 | Ramsay en Rayleigh |
19 | K | kalium | 1 | 4 | 39,0983 | 0,86 | 63,7 | 774 | 1807 | Davy |
20 | Ca | calcium | 2 | 4 | 40,078 | 1,54 | 839 | 1487 | 1808 | Davy |
21 | Sc | scandium | 3 | 4 | 44,955 91 | 2,99 | 1539 | 2832 | 1879 | Nilson |
22 | Ti | titanium, titaan | 4 | 4 | 47,88 | 4,51 | 1660 | 3260 | 1791 | Gregor en Klaproth |
23 | V | vanadium | 5 | 4 | 50,9415 | 6,09 | 1890 | 3380 | 1801 | Del Río |
24 | Cr | chroom | 6 | 4 | 51,9961 | 7,14 | 1857 | 2482 | 1797 | Vauquelin |
25 | Mn | mangaan | 7 | 4 | 54,938 05 | 7,44 | 1244 | 2097 | 1774 | Gahn |
26 | Fe | ijzer | 8 | 4 | 55,847 | 7,87 | 1535 | 2750 | prehistorisch | |
27 | Co | kobalt | 9 | 4 | 58,9332 | 8,89 | 1495 | 2870 | ca. 1730 | Brandt |
28 | Ni | nikkel | 10 | 4 | 58,69 | 8,91 | 1453 | 2732 | 1751 | Cronstedt |
29 | Cu | koper | 11 | 4 | 63,546 | 8,92 | 1083,5 | 2595 | prehistorisch | |
30 | Zn | zink | 12 | 4 | 65,39 | 7,14 | 419,6 | 907 | prehistorisch | |
31 | Ga | gallium | 13 | 4 | 69,723 | 5,91 | 29,8 | 2403 | 1875 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
32 | Ge | germanium | 14 | 4 | 72,61 | 5,32 | 937,4 | 2830 | 1886 | Winkler |
33 | As | arseen, arsenicum | 15 | 4 | 74,921 59 | 5,72 | 613 | 613 (sublimeert) | ca. 1250 | Magnus |
34 | Se | seleen, selenium | 16 | 4 | 78,96 | 4,82 | 217 | 685 | 1817 | Berzelius |
35 | Br | broom | 17 | 4 | 79,904 | 3,14 | −7,3 | 58,8 | 1826 | Balard |
36 | Kr | krypton | 18 | 4 | 83,8 | 0,003 48 | −156,6 | −152,3 | 1898 | Ramsay en Travers |
37 | Rb | rubidium | 1 | 5 | 85,4678 | 1,53 | 39 | 688 | 1861 | Bunsen en Kirchhoff |
38 | Sr | strontium | 2 | 5 | 87,62 | 2,63 | 769 | 1384 | 1790 | Crawford |
39 | Y | yttrium | 3 | 5 | 88,905 85 | 4,47 | 1523 | 3337 | 1794 | Gadolin |
40 | Zr | zirkonium, zirkoon | 4 | 5 | 91,224 | 6,51 | 1852 | 4377 | 1789 | Klaproth |
41 | Nb | niobium | 5 | 5 | 92,906 38 | 8,58 | 2468 | 4927 | 1801 | Hatchett |
42 | Mo | molybdeen, molyndenium | 6 | 5 | 95,94 | 10,28 | 2617 | 5560 | 1778 | Scheele |
43 | Tc | technetium | 7 | 5 | 98,9063 | 11,49 | 2172 | 5030 | 1937 | Perrier en Segrè |
44 | Ru | ruthenium | 8 | 5 | 101,07 | 12,45 | 2310 | 3900 | 1844 | Claus |
45 | Rh | rodium | 9 | 5 | 102,9055 | 12,41 | 1966 | 3727 | 1803 | Wollaston |
46 | Pd | palladium | 10 | 5 | 106,42 | 12,02 | 1552 | 3140 | 1803 | Wollaston |
47 | Ag | zilver | 11 | 5 | 107,8682 | 10,49 | 961,9 | 2212 | prehistorisch | |
48 | Cd | cadmium | 12 | 5 | 112,411 | 8,64 | 321 | 765 | 1817 | Strohmeyer |
49 | In | indium | 13 | 5 | 114,82 | 7,31 | 156,2 | 2080 | 1863 | Reich en Richter |
50 | Sn | tin | 14 | 5 | 118,71 | 7,29 | 232 | 2270 | prehistorisch | |
51 | Sb | antimoon | 15 | 5 | 121,75 | 6,69 | 630,7 | 1750 | prehistorisch | |
52 | Te | telluur, tellurium | 16 | 5 | 127,6 | 6,25 | 449,6 | 990 | 1782 | Von Reichenstein |
53 | I | jood, jodium | 17 | 5 | 126,904 47 | 4,94 | 113,5 | 184,4 | 1811 | Courtois |
54 | Xe | xenon | 18 | 5 | 131,29 | 0,004 49 | −111,9 | −107 | 1898 | Ramsay en Travers |
55 | Cs | cesium | 1 | 6 | 132,905 43 | 1,90 | 28,4 | 690 | 1860 | Kirchhoff en Bunsen |
56 | Ba | barium | 2 | 6 | 137,327 | 3,65 | 725 | 1640 | 1808 | Davy |
57 | La | lanthaan | 3 | 6 | 138,9055 | 6,16 | 920 | 3454 | 1839 | Mosander |
58 | Ce | cerium | 3 | 6 | 140,115 | 6,77 | 798 | 3257 | 1803 | Von Hisinger en Berzelius |
59 | Pr | praseodymium | 3 | 6 | 140,907 65 | 6,48 | 931 | 3212 | 1895 | Auer von Welsbach |
60 | Nd | neodymium | 3 | 6 | 144,24 | 7,00 | 1010 | 3127 | 1895 | Auer von Welsbach |
61 | Pm | promethium | 3 | 6 | 146,9151 | 7,22 | 1080 | 2730 | 1945 | Marinsky, Coryell en Glendenin |
62 | Sm | samarium | 3 | 6 | 150,36 | 7,54 | 1072 | 1778 | 1879 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
63 | Eu | europium | 3 | 6 | 151,965 | 5,25 | 822 | 1597 | 1901 | Demaçay |
64 | Gd | gadolinium | 3 | 6 | 157,25 | 7,89 | 1311 | 3233 | 1880 | De Marignac |
65 | Tb | terbium | 3 | 6 | 158,925 34 | 8,25 | 1360 | 3041 | 1843 | Mosander |
66 | Dy | dysprosium | 3 | 6 | 162,5 | 8,56 | 1409 | 2335 | 1886 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
67 | Ho | holmium | 3 | 6 | 164,930 32 | 8,78 | 1470 | 2720 | 1878 | Delafontaine en Soret |
68 | Er | erbium | 3 | 6 | 167,26 | 9,05 | 1522 | 2510 | 1842 | Mosander |
69 | Tm | thulium | 3 | 6 | 168,934 21 | 9,32 | 1545 | 1727 | 1879 | Cleve |
70 | Yb | ytterbium | 3 | 6 | 173,04 | 6,97 | 824 | 1193 | 1878 | De Marignac |
71 | Lu | lutetium | 3 | 6 | 174,967 | 9,84 | 1656 | 3315 | 1907 | Urbain |
72 | Hf | hafnium | 4 | 6 | 178,49 | 13,31 | 2150 | 5400 | 1923 | Coster en De Hevesy |
73 | Ta | tantaal, tantalium | 5 | 6 | 180,9479 | 16,68 | 2996 | 5425 | 1802 | Ekeberg |
74 | W | wolfraam | 6 | 6 | 183,85 | 19,26 | 3407 | 5927 | 1783 | J en F. Elhuyar |
75 | Re | renium | 7 | 6 | 186,207 | 21,03 | 3180 | 5627 | 1925 | Noddack, Tacke en Berg |
76 | Os | osmium | 8 | 6 | 190,2 | 22,61 | 3045 | 5027 | 1803 | Tennant |
77 | Ir | iridium | 9 | 6 | 192,22 | 22,65 | 2410 | 4130 | 1803 | Tennant |
78 | Pt | platina | 10 | 6 | 195,08 | 21,45 | 1772 | 3827 | 1557 | Scaliger |
79 | Au | goud | 11 | 6 | 196,966 54 | 19,32 | 1064,4 | 2940 | prehistorisch | |
80 | Hg | kwik | 12 | 6 | 200,59 | 13,55 | −38,9 | 356,6 | prehistorisch | |
81 | Tl | thallium | 13 | 6 | 204,3833 | 11,85 | 303,6 | 1457 | 1861 | Crookes |
82 | Pb | lood | 14 | 6 | 207,2 | 11,34 | 327,5 | 1740 | prehistorisch | |
83 | Bi | bismut | 15 | 6 | 208,980 37 | 9,80 | 271,4 | 1560 | 1540 | Agricola |
84 | Po | polonium | 16 | 6 | 208,9824 | 9,20 | 254 | 962 | 1898 | P. en M. Curie |
85 | At | astaat | 17 | 6 | 209,9871 | 6,35 | 302 | 337 | 1940 | Corson, MacKenzie en Segrè |
86 | Rn | radon | 18 | 6 | 222,0176 | 0,009 23 | −71 | −61,8 | 1900 | Dorn |
87 | Fr | francium | 1 | 7 | 223,0197 | 2,9 | 27 | 677 | 1939 | Perey |
88 | Ra | radium | 2 | 7 | 226,0254 | 5,50 | 700 | 1140 | 1898 | P. en M. Curie |
89 | Ac | actinium | 3 | 7 | 227,0278 | 10,07 | 1047 | 3197 | 1899 | Debierne |
90 | Th | thorium | 3 | 7 | 232,0381 | 11,72 | 1750 | 4787 | 1829 | Berzelius |
91 | Pa | protactinium | 3 | 7 | 231,0359 | 15,37 | 1554 | 4030 | 1917 | Soddy, Cranston en Hahn |
92 | U | uranium, uraan | 3 | 7 | 238,0289 | 18,97 | 1132,4 | 3818 | 1789 | Klaproth |
93 | Np | neptunium | 3 | 7 | 237,0482 | 20,48 | 640 | 3902 | 1940 | McMillan en Abelson |
94 | Pu | plutonium | 3 | 7 | 244,0642 | 19,74 | 641 | 3327 | 1940 | Seaborg |
95 | Am | americium | 3 | 7 | 243,0614 | 13,67 | 994 | 2607 | 1944 | Seaborg |
96 | Cm | curium | 3 | 7 | 247,0703 | 13,51 | 1340 | 3110 | 1944 | Seaborg |
97 | Bk | berkelium | 3 | 7 | 247,0703 | 13,25 | 986 | 2627 | 1949 | Seaborg |
98 | Cf | californium | 3 | 7 | 251,0796 | 15,1 | 900 | 1470 | 1950 | Seaborg |
99 | Es | einsteinium | 3 | 7 | 252,0829 | 8,84 | 860 | 996 | 1952 | Seaborg |
100 | Fm | fermium | 3 | 7 | 257,0951 | 9,71 | 1527 | 1952 | Seaborg | |
101 | Md | mendelevium | 3 | 7 | 258,0986 | 10,37 | 827 | 1955 | Seaborg | |
102 | No | nobelium | 3 | 7 | 259,1009 | 9,94 | 827 | 1958 | Seaborg | |
103 | Lr | lawrencium | 3 | 7 | 260,1053 | 16,1 | 1627 | 1961 | Ghiorso | |
104 | Rf | rutherfordium | 4 | 7 | 261,1087 | 23,2 | 2100 | 5500 | 1964/69 | Flerov of Ghiorso |
105 | Db | dubnium | 5 | 7 | 262,1138 | 29,3 | 1967/70 | Flerov of Ghiorso | ||
106 | Sg | seaborgium | 6 | 7 | 263,1182 | 35,0 | 1974 | Flerov | ||
107 | Bh | bohrium | 7 | 7 | 262,1229 | 37,1 | 1976 | Oganesjan | ||
108 | Hs | hassium | 8 | 7 | 265 | 41 | 1984 | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung | ||
109 | Mt | meitnerium | 9 | 7 | 266 | 37,4 | 1982 | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung | ||
110 | Ds | darmstadtium | 10 | 7 | 269 | 34,8 | 1994 | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung | ||
111 | Rg | röntgenium | 11 | 7 | 272 | 28,7 | 1994 | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung | ||
112 | Cn | copernicium | 12 | 7 | 277 | 23,7 | 1996 | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung | ||
113 | Nh | nihonium | 13 | 7 | 284 | 16 | 430 | 1130 | 2004 | Gezamenlijk Instituut voor Kernonderzoek |
114 | Fl | flerovium | 14 | 7 | 289 | 14 | −60 | 2004 | Gezamenlijk Instituut voor Kernonderzoek | |
115 | Mc | moscovium | 15 | 7 | 295 | 13,5 | 400 | 1100 | 2003 | Gezamenlijk Instituut voor Kernonderzoek |
116 | Lv | livermorium | 16 | 7 | 297 | 12,9 | 435,5 | 812 | 2004 | Gezamenlijk Instituut voor Kernonderzoek en Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
117 | Ts | tennessine | 17 | 7 | 291 | 7,2 | 450 | 610 | 2010 | Gezamenlijk Instituut voor Kernonderzoek, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University en Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
118 | Og | oganesson | 18 | 7 | 293 | 5,0 | 80 | 2002 | Gezamenlijk Instituut voor Kernonderzoek en Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory | |
119 | Uue | ununennium, eka-francium | 1 | 8 | ||||||
120 | Ubn | unbinilium, eka-radium | 2 | 8 | ||||||
121 | Ubu | unbiunium, eka-actinium | 3 | 8 | ||||||
122 | Ubb | unbibium, eka-thorium | 3 | 8 |
Alle eigenschappen, behalve atoomnummer, naam, groep, periode en atoommassa zijn geen eigenschappen van de individuele atomen maar de eigenschappen van de mono-atomische stof.
Elementen vanaf 119, als ze al gesynthetiseerd zijn, zijn nog niet officieel erkend. Ze hebben de in de tabel vermelde tijdelijke namen.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Chemische elementen en isotopen | ||||||
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Chemische verbindingen |
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algemeen · mineralen · brutoformules · lijst van E-nummers · elementen · kunststoffen |
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