Mondzi language
Mondzi (Munji; autonym: mo˨˩ndʑi˨˩, Chinese 曼子) is a Lolo-Burmese language spoken by the Yi people of China. Speakers are located mostly in Funing County, Yunnan, China and Hà Giang Province, Vietnam.
| Mondzi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | China |
| Ethnicity | Yi |
Native speakers | (2,000? cited 1983)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | mond1267[2] |
Phonology[3]
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ) | |||
| Plosive | prenasalized | mb | nd | ŋg | ||
| voiced | b | d | g | |||
| voiceless | p | t | k | |||
| aspirated | ph | th | kh | |||
| Affricate | prenasalized | nʣ | ɳdʐ | ȵʥ | ||
| voiced | ʣ | dʐ | ʥ | |||
| voiceless | ʦ | tʂ | ʨ | |||
| aspirated | ʦh | tʂh | ʨh | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ | ɕ | x |
| voiced | v | z | ʐ | ʑ | ɣ | |
| Lateral | l | |||||
[ŋ] can only appear as a coda.
Mondzi also has 3 consonant clusters: [lg], [lk], [lkh].
Vowels
Monophthongs
| Front | Non-front | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| Syllabic | loose | ɿ | ||
| tight | ɿ̠ | |||
| Close | i | u | ||
| Close-mid | e | ø | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Open | a | ɑ | ||
Diphthongs
| a | e | e̠ | ɛ | ɛ̠ | o | ɔ | u | i | ɑ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i | ia | ie | ie̠ | iɛ | iɛ̠ | io | iɔ | iu | ||
| y | yi | |||||||||
| u | ue | ui | uɑ | |||||||
| e | ei |
Tones
| IPA | Tone Value |
|---|---|
| ˥˥ | 55 |
| ˦˦ | 44 |
| ˧˧ | 33 |
| ˥˧ | 53 |
| ˨˩ | 21 |
| ˩˧ | 13 |
References
- YYFC. 1983. [handwritten manuscript], cited in Lama (2012)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Mondzi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012-07-25). "Subgrouping Of Nisoic (Yi) Languages: A Study From The Perspectives Of Shared Innovation And Phylogenetic Estimation". Cite journal requires
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- Hsiu, Andrew. 2014. "Mondzish: a new subgroup of Lolo-Burmese". In Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Chinese Languages and Linguistics (IsCLL-14). Taipei: Academia Sinica.
- Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012), Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages, thesis, University of Texas at Arlington.
Further reading
- YYFC (1983) [handwritten manuscript], cited in Lama (2012)
- Hsiu, Andrew. 2014. Mondzish: a new subgroup of Lolo-Burmese.
- Hsiu, Andrew. 2017. Munji audio word list. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1123381
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