List of tallest towers

This is a list of extant towers that fulfill the engineering definition of a tower: "a tall human structure, always taller than it is wide, for public or regular operational access by humans, but not for living in or office work, and are self-supporting or free-standing, which means no guy-wires for support."[1][2][3] The definition means the exclusion from this list of continuously habitable buildings and skyscrapers as well as radio and TV masts. Also excluded from this list because they are not designed for public or regular operational access are bridge towers or pylons, wind turbines, chimneys, transmission towers, sculptures and most large statues and obelisks.

Not to be confused with List of tallest buildings.
See also: List of tallest buildings and structures, List of tallest structures, and List of tallest freestanding structures
Comparison of the world's seven tallest towers

Towers are most often built to use their height for various purposes and can stand alone or as part of a larger structure. Some common purposes are for telecommunications, and as a viewing platform.

The Tokyo Skytree, completed in February 2012, is 634 m (2,080 ft), making it the tallest tower, and second-tallest free-standing structure in the world.[4][5][6]

Entirely self-supported towers

Towers taller than 250 metres
bold Denotes tower that is or was once the tallest in the world
Rank Name Pinnacle height Year Structure Country City Remarks
1Tokyo Skytree634 m (2,080 ft)2012Steel JapanTokyoTallest tower in the world 2011-, second-tallest freestanding structure in the world
2Canton Tower604 m (1,982 ft)2010Steel & concrete ChinaGuangzhouTallest in the world 2009–11
3CN Tower553.33 m (1,815.4 ft)1976Concrete CanadaTorontoTallest freestanding structure in the world 1975–2007, tallest in the western hemisphere
4Ostankino Tower540.1 m (1,772 ft)1967 RussiaMoscowTallest freestanding structure in the world, 1967–75, tallest in Europe
5Oriental Pearl Tower468 m (1,535 ft)1994Concrete ChinaShanghaiTallest in China 1994–2007
6Milad Tower435 m (1,427 ft)2008 IranTehranTallest in the Middle East
7KL Tower421 m (1,381 ft)1994 MalaysiaKuala LumpurTallest in South East Asia
8Tianjin Radio and Television Tower415.2 m (1,362 ft)1991 ChinaTianjinTallest in Asia 1991-1994，Tallest in North China
9Central Radio and TV Tower405 m (1,329 ft)1992Beijing
10Zhongyuan Tower388 m (1,273 ft)2011SteelZhengzhou
11Kiev TV Tower385 m (1,263 ft)1973 UkraineKiev
12Tashkent Tower374.9 m (1,230 ft)1985 UzbekistanTashkentTallest in Central Asia
13Liberation Tower372 m (1,220 ft)1996Concrete KuwaitKuwait City
14Almaty Tower371.5 m (1,219 ft)1983Steel KazakhstanAlmaty
15Küçük Çamlıca Radio and TV Tower369 m (1,211 ft)2020Concrete TurkeyIstanbul
16Riga Radio and TV Tower368.5 m (1,209 ft)1986Steel LatviaRigaTallest in the European Union
17Berliner Fernsehturm368 m (1,207 ft)1969Concrete GermanyBerlinTallest structure in Germany
18Lotus Tower356 m (1,168 ft)2019 Sri LankaColomboTallest structure in South Asia
19Stratosphere Tower350.2 m (1,149 ft)1996 United StatesLas VegasTallest observation tower in the United States
20West Pearl Tower339 m (1,112 ft)2004 ChinaChengdu
21Macau Tower338 m (1,109 ft)2001 MacauSé
22Europaturm337.5 m (1,107 ft)1979 GermanyFrankfurt
23Dragon Tower336 m (1,102 ft)2000Lattice Tower ChinaHarbin
24Tokyo Tower332.6 m (1,091 ft)1958Steel Lattice JapanTokyoTallest in the world 1958–67
25Arqiva Tower330.4 m (1,084 ft)1971Concrete United KingdomKirkleesTallest freestanding structure in the United Kingdom
26Huai'an TV Tower[7][8]329.8 m (1,082 ft)2016 ChinaHuaiyin
27Sky Tower (Auckland)328 m (1,076 ft)1997 New ZealandAucklandTallest freestanding structure in the Southern Hemisphere
28Vilnius TV Tower327 m (1,073 ft)1980 LithuaniaVilnius
29=Saint Petersburg TV Tower326 m (1,070 ft)1962Lattice RussiaSaint Petersburg
29=Linyi Radio & TV Tower[9][10]326 m (1,070 ft)2010Steel ChinaLinyi
31Eiffel Tower324 m (1,063 ft)1889Steel Lattice FranceParisFirst to surpass 300 metres, tallest tower in the world 1889–1958, oldest in this list
32Rameswaram TV Tower323 m (1,060 ft)1995Concrete IndiaRameswaram
33Jiangsu Nanjing TV Tower318.5 m (1,045 ft)1996 ChinaNanjing
34Tallinn TV Tower314 m (1,030 ft)1980 EstoniaTallinn
35Yerevan TV Tower311.7 m (1,023 ft)1977Steel Lattice ArmeniaYerevan[11]
36Tortoise Mountain TV Tower311.4 m (1,022 ft)1986Concrete ChinaWuhanChina's first self-supported TV tower
37Baku TV Tower310 m (1,020 ft)1996 AzerbaijanBaku
38Sydney Tower309 m (1,014 ft)1981 AustraliaSydney
39Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower305.5 m (1,002 ft)1989 ChinaShenyang
40Jaisalmer TV Tower300 m (984 ft)1993 IndiaJaisalmer
41Samatra TV Tower300 m (984 ft)1999Bhuj
42VRT Toren300 m (984 ft)1996 BelgiumSint-Pieters-Leeuw
43Zhuzhou Television Tower293 m (961 ft)1999 ChinaZhuzhou
44Fernmeldeturm Nürnberg292 m (958 ft)1977 GermanyNuremberg
45Olympiaturm289.5 m (950 ft)1968Munich
46Torre de Collserola288 m (945 ft)1992Steel SpainBarcelona
47Telemax282.2 m (926 ft)1992Concrete GermanyHannover
48Shijiazhuang TV Tower[12]280 m (920 ft)1998Lattice ChinaShijiazhuang
49Heinrich-Hertz-Turm279.7 m (918 ft)1968Concrete GermanyHamburg
50Central Plains Pearl TV Tower[13][14]278 m (912 ft)1998Steel ChinaLuoyang
51Georgia Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower274.5 m (901 ft)1972 GeorgiaTbilisi
52Hillbrow Tower269 m (883 ft)1971Concrete South AfricaJohannesburgTallest in Africa
53Kaifeng TV Tower268 m (879 ft)1995 ChinaKaifeng
54Colonius266 m (873 ft)1981 GermanyCologne
55Novorossiysk TV Tower261.5 m (858 ft)1996 RussiaNovorossiysk
56Daqing Radio and Television Tower260 m (850 ft)1989 ChinaDaqing
57Olympic Park Observation Tower258 m (846 ft)2014SteelBeijing
58Fernmeldeturm Kühkopf255 m (837 ft)1976Concrete GermanyKoblenz
59Donauturm252 m (827 ft)1964 AustriaVienna
60Fernsehturm Dresden-Wachwitz252 m (827 ft)1969 GermanyDresden
61Swisscom-Sendeturm St. Chrischona250 m (820 ft)1984  SwitzerlandSt. Chrischona
62Jeddah TV Tower250 m (820 ft)2007 Saudi ArabiaJeddah

Towers between 200 and 250 metres tall
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Tower Pinnacle height Year Country City Remarks
Shaanxi Provincial TV Tower 245 m 1987  China Xi'an
Rheinturm Düsseldorf 240.5 m 1981  Germany Düsseldorf Was 234.2 m before another antenna was mounted in 2004
Pattaya Park Tower 240 m ?  Thailand Pattaya
N Seoul Tower 239.7 m 1975  South Korea Seoul
Menara TVRI 239 m 1994  Indonesia Jakarta
Foshan TV Tower[15] 238 m 1995  China Foshan
Sentech Tower 237 m 1962  South Africa Johannesburg
Endem TV Tower 236 m 2002  Turkey Istanbul
Bremen-Walle Telecommunication Tower 235.7 m 1986  Germany Bremen-Walle
Pitampura TV Tower 235 m 1988  India Delhi
Fukuoka Tower 234 m 1989  Japan Fukuoka
Qingdao TV Tower 232 m 1994  China Qingdao
Torrespaña 231 m 1982  Spain Madrid
Tower of the Americas 228.6 m 1968  United States San Antonio, Texas
Torre Espacial 228 m 1980  Argentina Buenos Aires
Katanga TV Tower 225 m 1992  India Jabalpur
Brasilia TV Tower 224 m 1965  Brazil Brasilia
Buková hora TV Tower 223 m 1975  Czech Republic Bukova hora
Fernmeldeturm Münster 42 222.5 m 1986  Germany Münster
Florianturm 219.6 m 1959  Germany Dortmund
Ptv Tower Sahiwal 219.4 m 1970  Pakistan Sahiwal
Jilin Radio and TV Tower[16] 218 m 1997  China Jilin
Guangzhou TV Tower 1991 Guangzhou
Fernsehturm Stuttgart 216.8 m 1956  Germany Stuttgart-Degerloch World's first concrete TV tower
Prague - Žižkov Television Tower 216 m 1992  Czech Republic Prague
Fernmeldeturm Mannheim 212.8 m 1975  Germany Mannheim
Fernmeldeturm Berlin 212 m 1964  Germany Berlin
Turkmenistan Broadcasting Centre 211 m 2011  Turkmenistan Ashgabat
Minaret of Hassan II Mosque 210 m 1993  Morocco Casablanca
Transmitter Hornisgrinde 206 m 1972  Germany Hornisgrinde
Ujudvar TV Tower[17] 206 m 1972  Hungary Ujudvar
Baghdad Tower 205 m 1994  Iraq Baghdad Formerly International Saddam Tower
Donnersberg TV Tower[18] 204.82 m 1962  Germany Donnersberg
Avala TV Tower 204.5 m 1965  Serbia Avala, near Belgrade Destroyed in NATO bombing on 29 April 1999; reconstruction completed October 2009; tallest in the Balkans
Rousse TV Tower 204 m 1987  Bulgaria Rousse
TV tower Helpterberge 203.2 m 1981  Germany Helpterberge
UNTV Broadcast Center

(Millennial Tower)

 202.5 m 2022 est.  Philippines Quezon City Under construction.
Woobang Tower[19] 202 m 1992  South Korea Daegu

Towers between 150 and 200 metres tall
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Tower Pinnacle height Year Country City Remarks
KPN-Zendmast Waalhaven 199 m 1962  Netherlands Rotterdam-Waalhaven
Xuzhou TV Tower 1990  China Xuzhou
Zendmast Roermond 197.7 m 1957  Netherlands Roermond
KPN Tower Hilversum 196 m 1973 Hilversum
Bantiger TV Tower 196 m 1996   Switzerland Bolligen
Sky Tower Nishitōkyō 195 m 1988  Japan Nishitōkyō, Tokyo
Telstra Tower 1980  Australia Canberra
Kamzik TV Tower 194 m 1975  Slovakia Bratislava
Gateway Arch 192 m 1965  United States St. Louis
Orissaare TV Tower 191 m 1965  Estonia Orissaare
Dalian Radio and TV Tower 190.5 m ?  China Dalian
Calgary Tower 190 m 1967  Canada Calgary
BT Tower 188 m 1964  United Kingdom London
Cairo Tower 1961  Egypt Cairo
Telecom Italia Tower Rozzano 187 m 1990  Italy Rozzano - Milan
Kuwait Towers 1979  Kuwait Kuwait City
Vitosha Mountain TV Tower 186 m 1985  Bulgaria Vitosha Mountain
Euromast 186 m 1962  Netherlands Rotterdam
TV tower Decquede 184.5 m 1959  Germany Dequede
Space Needle 184 m 1962  United States Seattle
Brasilia Digital TV Tower 182 m 2012  Brazil Brasília, DF
Nagoya TV Tower 180 m 1954  Japan Nagoya
PL Peace Tower 1970 Tondabayashi
Hošťálkovice transmitter 1979  Czech Republic Ostrava
Samut Prakan Observation Tower 179.55 2017  Thailand Samut Prakan
Telecommunication Tower Bungsberg 179 m 1977  Germany Bungsberg
Löffelstelz Transmitter 2000  Germany Bad Mergentheim
Monte da Virgem Tower 177 m ?  Portugal Vila Nova de Gaia
Pécs TV Tower 176 m 1973  Hungary Pécs
Olympic Stadium tower
 175.3 m 1987  Canada Montreal Highest inclined tower in the world, with its 45-degree angle.
Zendstation Markelo 174.4 m ?  Netherlands Markelo
San Jacinto Monument 172.92 m / 567.31 ft 1939  United States La Porte, Texas World's tallest monumental column
Reunion Tower 170.7 m 1978 Dallas
Iriški Venac TV Tower 170 m 1975  Serbia near Novi Sad
Juche Tower 1982  North Korea Pyongyang
Riyadh TV Tower 1981  Saudi Arabia Riyadh
Spinnaker Tower 2005  United Kingdom Portsmouth
Washington Monument 169.3 m / 555 ft 5 in 1884  United States Washington, DC Observation level at 152 m
Zagreb TV Tower 169 m 1973  Croatia Zagreb
Fernmeldeturm Bödefeld 168.7 m ?  Germany Schmallenberg-Bödefeld
Näsinneula Observation Tower 168 m 1971  Finland Tampere Located at Särkänniemi amusement park
Menara Alor Star 165.5 m 1998  Malaysia Alor Star
Hünenburg Telecommunication Tower 165 m ?  Germany Bielefeld-Hühnenburg Also known as Fernmeldeturm Teutoburger Wald
Heubach Telecommunication Tower 164.8 m ? Heubach
Las Vegas Eiffel Tower 164.6 m 1999  United States Las Vegas Replica of Eiffel Tower
Praděd TV Tower 162 m 1983  Czech Republic Praděd Mountain
Ulm Münster 161.5 m 1377–1890  Germany Ulm Tallest church tower in the world
British Airways i360 161 m 2016  United Kingdom Brighton Thinnest tall tower in the world[20]
Osaka Tower 160 m 1966  Japan Osaka
Skylon Tower 1965  Canada Niagara Falls
Blackpool Tower 158 m 1894  United Kingdom Blackpool
Gold Tower 1988  Japan Utazu, Kagawa
Pylons of Cádiz 1960  Spain Cádiz Hyperboloid pylons
Cologne Cathedral 157.4 m 1248–1880  Germany Cologne Twin spires
Snejanka tower 156 m 1978  Bulgaria Pamporovo - Mount Snejanka Also known as Pamporovo TV Tower
Kaknästornet TV Tower 155 m 1964  Sweden Stockholm
Funkturm Arsenal ?  Austria Vienna
Kaikyo Yume Tower 153 m 1996  Japan Shimonoseki
BT Tower 152 m 1967  United Kingdom Birmingham
Rouen Cathedral 151 m 1145–1876  France Rouen
Cuyahoga Falls Cathedral Tower 150.57 m 1971  United States Cuyahoga Falls unfinished TV tower
Funkturm Berlin 150 m 1926  Germany Berlin Only observation tower standing on insulators
Cruz de los Caídos 1956  Spain San Lorenzo de El Escorial Tallest cross in the world
Galaţi TV Tower 1978  Romania Galaţi
SM Seaside City Cebu Tower 2016  Philippines Cebu City, Philippines

Towers between 100 and 150 metres tall
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Tower Pinnacle height Year Country City Remarks
St. Nikolai, Hamburg 147.3 m 1846–77  Germany Hamburg Church ruin
Sapporo TV Tower 147.2 m 1957  Japan Sapporo
Dobrich TV Tower 146 m 1979  Bulgaria Dobrich
Fallturm Bremen 1990  Germany Bremen
Vasco da Gama Tower 145 m 1998  Portugal Lisboa
Strasbourg Cathedral 144 m 1176–1439  France Strasbourg
Nozema Tower Wormer 1968  Netherlands Wormer
Zigong TV Tower 143.6 m 1988  China Zigong
Akita Port Tower Selion 1994  Japan Akita
Jakobsberg Telecommunication Tower 142 m 1978  Germany Porta Westfalica-Jakobsberg
Monte Mario Tower 140 m ?  Italy Rome
Nozema Zendstation 139.5 m 1957  Netherlands Mierlo
Twin Arch 138 138 m 1995  Japan Ichinomiya
Goes TV Tower 137 m 1957  Netherlands Goes Also known as Nozema TV Tower Goes. Between 1957 and 2007 153 m tall.
Hohenstadt Transmission Tower ?  Germany Hohenstadt
Monas 1975  Indonesia Jakarta
St. Chrischona, old tower 136 m 1962   Switzerland St. Chrischona
Montjuic Communications Tower 1992  Spain Barcelona
Higashiyama Sky Tower 134 m 1989  Japan Nagoya
Radio City Tower 1969  United Kingdom Liverpool
KLIA2 Control Tower 133.8m 2013  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Tallest air-traffic control tower in the world[21]
Mulleklenkes 133 m 1984  Germany Aachen Radio-DVB-T Transmission Tower de:Mulleklenkes
Nozema Zendstation The Hague 1965  Netherlands The Hague
BKK Control Tower 132.2 m 2006  Thailand Bang Phli Second-tallest air-traffic control tower in the world
Telefónica Chile Tower 132 m 1996  Chile Santiago
TV-toren Ittervoort ?  Netherlands Ittervoort
Telecommunication Tower Leipzig ?  Germany Leipzig
Kyoto Tower 131 m 1964  Japan Kyoto
1000 Islands SkyDeck 130 m 1965  Canada Hill Island, Ontario
TV Tower Nordhelle 1984  Germany Nordhelle
Telecommunication tower Großerlach 1985 Großerlach
Zendstation Loon op Zand 1986  Netherlands Loon op Zand
Shiraz Tower 2011  Iran Shiraz
KUL Control Tower 1998  Malaysia Kuala-Lumpur
Piątkowo transmitter, Tower 2 128 m 1993  Poland Poznań
Sanctuary of Our Lady of Licheń 2004 Licheń
Express Lift Tower 127.45 m 1980–82  United Kingdom Northampton
Torre Entel 127.4 m 1974  Chile Santiago
Glasgow Tower 127 m 2001  United Kingdom Glasgow
Aliant Tower 127 m 1971  Canada Moncton
Sender Inselsberg + 126 m 1974  Germany Inselsberg Mountain Was 43.31 when constructed in 1939
Dreamworld Tower 126.5m 1997  Australia Dreamworld, Coomera
Grobal Tower 125 m 1995  Japan Beppu
FMT 6 - Brackenheim ?  Germany Brackenheim
Chiba Port Tower 1986  Japan Chiba
Atakule Tower 1989  Turkey Ankara
Riga Radio Station ?  Latvia Riga
Gatlinburg Space Needle 124 m 1970  United States Gatlinburg
Tyholttårnet 1985  Norway Trondheim
Banharn-Jamsai Tower 123.25 m 1994  Thailand Suphan Buri
Salisbury Cathedral 123 m 1220–1320  United Kingdom Salisbury
Sender Brocken 1937 &
1974		  Germany Brocken Mountain 95 m on original tower
Mont Pèlerin TV Tower 122.6 m 1974   Switzerland Mont Pèlerin
Pääskyvuoren linkkitorni 122 m 1964  Finland Turku
Ginosa Water Tower ?  Italy Ginosa
Zendstation Megen 121 m 1980  Netherlands Megen
Fernmeldeturm Duisburg  Germany Duisburg
Gibloux Radio Tower 118.7 m ?   Switzerland Sorens
Crossland Tower 118 m 1994  Japan Oyabe, Toyama
Silistra TV Tower 117 m 1979  Bulgaria Silistra
Lisebergstornet 116.1 m 1990  Sweden Göteborg
Observation tower of la Cité de l'Énergie 115 m ?  Canada Shawinigan, Quebec
Bernauer Birzel 115 m ?  Germany Bernau
Torrazzo of Cremona 112.7 m 1309  Italy Cremona
Domtoren 112.5 m 1328  Netherlands Utrecht Free-standing medieval church tower, see also list of tallest churches
Bytków TV Tower 110 m ?  Poland Siemianowice Śląskie
Tiger Sky Tower 2004  Singapore Sentosa Island
Taming Sari Tower 2008  Malaysia Melaka
Terminal 21 Korat Tower 2016  Thailand Nakhon Ratchasima
Exelberg Telecommunication Tower 109 m  Austria Vienna
Torre Branca 108.6 m 1933  Italy Milan
Kobe Port Tower 108 m 1963  Japan Kobe
Tour Hertzienne TDF de Romainville 108 m 1984  France Paris-Romainville Also known as Tour Relais TDF
Goryokaku Tower 107 m 2006  Japan Hakodate
Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial 1915  United States Put-in-Bay, Ohio World's most massive Doric column; fourth-tallest memorial in the U.S.
Torre Jaume I 1931  Spain Barcelona Connected with Torre Sant Sebastia by Port Vell Aerial Tramway
Bremerhaven Radar Tower 106.1 m 1965  Germany Bremerhaven
Yokohama Marine Tower 106 m 1961  Japan Yokohama
Borisova Gradina TV Tower 1959  Bulgaria Sofia
Tsutenkaku 103 m 1956  Japan Osaka
Scream 1992  Germany Soltau - Heidepark Gyro-Drop Tower
Total Tower 102.4 m 1994  United States Denver
Roi Et Observation Tower 101 m 2020  Thailand Roi Et
Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower 100 m 1908  United Kingdom Birmingham, England
Beppu Tower 1957  Japan Beppu
Hakata Port Tower 1964  Japan Fukuoka
Ještěd TV Tower 1968  Czech Republic Jested
Hokkaido Centennial Monument 1970  Japan Sapporo
Bazita Peak TV Tower 1975  Hungary Zalaegerszeg
Holstein Tower 1988  Germany Sierksdorf Additionally guyed Gyro-Tower
Faro de Moncloa 1992  Spain Madrid

Towers proposed or under construction

This is a list of towers that are proposed or under construction with a minimum height of 250m

Tower
 Year
 Country
 City
 Pinnacle height
 Status
 Function
 Ref
Dubai Creek Tower2021 United Arab EmiratesDubai828 munder constructionobservation[22]
Princesa Tower? PhilippinesPuerto Princessa680 mproposedobservation[23]
Hanoi Broadcast Tower2021 VietnamHanoi636 mobservation / telecommunications[24]
Huanghe Landmark Tower? ChinaLanzhou588 m[25]
Icon Siam Tower2017 ThailandBangkok459 m[26]
Tower Infinity2024 South KoreaIncheon448 munder constructionobservation / leisure / exhibition[27]
Holy Mosque Twin Minarets? Saudi ArabiaMecca420 munder constructionreligious[28]
Tulip? United KingdomLondon305 mproposedobservation
SkyRise Miami2023 United StatesMiami301 munder constructionobservation

Diagram
CN TowerCanton TowerOstankino TowerOriental Pearl Tower

Timeline of tallest towers
From To Tower Country City Pinnacle height
280 BC1180 ADPharos Lighthouse EgyptAlexandria122 m (400 ft)
11801240Malmesbury Abbey Tower United KingdomMalmesbury131.3 m (431 ft)
12401311Tower of Old St Paul's CathedralLondon150 m (490 ft)
13111549Tower of Lincoln CathedralLincoln159.7 m (524 ft)
15491647Tower of St Mary's church GermanyStralsund151 m (495 ft)
16471874Tower of Strasbourg Cathedral FranceStrasbourg142 m (466 ft)
18741876Tower of St. Nikolai GermanyHamburg147 m (482 ft)
18761880Tower of Rouen Cathedral FranceRouen151 m (495 ft)
18801889Tower of Cologne Cathedral GermanyCologne157.38 m (516.3 ft)
18891958Eiffel Tower FranceParis312.3 m (1,025 ft)
19581967Tokyo Tower JapanTokyo332.6 m (1,091 ft)
19671975Ostankino Tower RussiaMoscow540.1 m (1,772 ft)
19752009CN Tower CanadaToronto553.33 m (1,815.4 ft)
20092011Canton Tower ChinaGuangzhou604 m (1,982 ft)
2011presentTokyo Skytree JapanTokyo634 m (2,080 ft)

See also

References
  1. ctbuh. "CTBUH Criteria for Defining and Measuring Tall Buildings". www.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  2. Gerometta, Marshall. "Height: The History of Measuring Tall Buildings". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. CTBUH. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  3. "World's Tallest Tower Rises in Tokyo". 29 November 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  4. "Tokyo Sky Tree construction ends: World's tallest tower prepares to open". Cable News Network. 1 March 2012. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  5. Danielle Demetriou (1 March 2012). "Tokyo unveils world's tallest communications tower". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  6. "Tokyo Skytree website" (in Japanese). Tobu Railway Co., Ltd. & Tobu Tower Skytree Co., Ltd. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
  7. "Huai`an TV Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  8. Huai'an TV Tower at Emporis
  9. "Linyi Radio & TV Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  10. Linyi Radio and TV Tower at Emporis
  11. "Yerevan TV Tower". Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  12. "Shijiazhuang TV Tower". CTBUH. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  13. "Central Plains Pearl TV Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
  14. 1263911 at Emporis
  15. TV-Tower at Emporis
  16. Jilin Radio and TV Tower at Emporis
  17. Ujudvar TV Tower at Emporis
  18. Sender Donnersberg at Emporis
  19. Woobang Tower at Emporis
  20. "Duke of Edinburgh officially opens Brighton's i360 tower". BBC. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  21. "Tallest airport control tower". Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  22. "Dubai Creek Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  23. "'Princesa Tower' to rise in Puerto Princesa". Palawan News. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  24. "Hanoi Broadcast Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  25. "Huanghe Landmark Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  26. "Icon Siam Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  27. "Cheongna City International Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  28. "Holy Mosque Twin Minaret 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
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