Gulen

Gulen  is a municipality in the southwestern part of Vestland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Sogn. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Eivindvik. Other villages in Gulen include Brekke, Byrknes, Dalsøyra, Dingja, Instefjord, Mjømna, Rutledal, and Ytre Oppedal.

For other uses, see Gulen (disambiguation).
Gulen kommune
Municipality
View of Eivindvik (photo: Bjarne Thune)
Coat of arms
Vestland within
Norway
Gulen within Vestland
Coordinates: 61°01′27″N 05°07′10″E
CountryNorway
CountyVestland
DistrictSogn
Established1 Jan 1838
Administrative centreEivindvik
Government
 • Mayor (2011)Hallvard Oppedal (Sp)
Area
 • Total597.22 km2 (230.59 sq mi)
 • Land575.12 km2 (222.06 sq mi)
 • Water22.10 km2 (8.53 sq mi)  3.7%
Area rank190 in Norway
Population
 (2020)
 • Total2,297
 • Rank264 in Norway
 • Density4/km2 (10/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
-0.2%
Demonym(s)Guling[1]
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4635
Official language formNynorsk[2]
Websitegulen.kommune.no
Data from Statistics Norway

The municipality of Gulen sits to the south of the Sognefjorden and it surrounds the Gulafjorden, which is considered to be the place where Norway's west-coastal Vikings met for the Gulating, a governing body. The area along the Gulafjorden called Flolid (just east of the village of Eivindvik) is now a national historic place, where an open-air theater and annual summer play commemorates the Vikings who gathered there 1000 years ago to accept Christianity.

The 597-square-kilometre (231 sq mi) municipality is the 190th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Gulen is the 264th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,297. The municipality's population density is 4 inhabitants per square kilometre (10/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.2% over the previous 10-year period.[3][4]

In 2016, the chief of police for Vestlandet formally suggested a reconfiguration of police districts and stations. He proposed that the police station in Gulen be closed.[5]

General information
One of the stone crosses near Eivindvik
View of the lake Dingevatn
View of some old boathouses near Byrknes (photo: Frode Inge Helland)

Evindvig was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The municipality of 1838 was created to be identical to the Evindvig parish (prestegjeld) that included the three sub-parishes (sokn) of Evindvig, Brekke, and Husøy. The sub-parish of Brekke (population: 898) was separated from the municipality in 1850 to form a municipality of its own, leaving a total of 3,944 residents in Evindvig. (Later, Brekke was merged with Lavik as the municipality of Lavik og Brekke. This was short-lived and Brekke later became a separate municipality once again.) In 1858, the sub-parish of Husøy (population: 1,384) was separated from Evindvig to form its own municipality called Utvær (renamed Solund in 1923). This left Evindvig with 3,018 inhabitants. On 1 July 1890, the name of Evindvig municipality was officially changed to Gulen.[6]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the municipality of Brekke (population: 782) was merged (back) with Gulen. Also on that same date, the island of Losna (population: 40) was transferred from Gulen to the neighboring municipality of Solund. After these changes, Gulen had a population of 3,250.[6][7]

On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly created Vestland county after Sogn og Fjordane and Hordaland counties were merged.

Name

The name (Old Norse: Guli) originally belonged to the fjord (now called Gulafjorden). The name is probably derived from the word gul which means "(strong) wind (gale)". Until 1891, the name of the municipality was Evenvig or Eivindvig (now written Eivindvik).[8]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was granted on 9 February 1990. The arms show two gray crosses on a blue background. The crosses represent the two stone crosses found near the village of Eivindvik that are believed to be about 1000 years old, erected there after the Vikings who met at the Gulating gathering embraced Christianity.[9]

Churches

The Church of Norway has three parishes(sokn) within the municipality of Gulen. It is part of the Nordhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.

Churches in Gulen
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
BrekkeBrekke ChurchBrekke1862
GulenGulen ChurchEivindvik1863
MjømnaMjømna ChurchMjømna1901

Schools

The roughly 2,500 residents live scattered throughout the municipality and are divided into four school districts: Brekke, Eivindvik, Dalsøyra, and Byrknes.[10]

Government

All municipalities in Norway, including Gulen, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor.[11] The municipality falls under the Sogn og Fjordane District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Gulen is made up of 21 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the council is as follows:

Gulen Kommunestyre 2020–2023 [12]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)4
 Conservative Party (Høgre)6
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)9
 Liberal Party (Venstre)1
Total number of members:21
Gulen Kommunestyre 2016–2019 [13]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)3
 Conservative Party (Høgre)5
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)1
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)9
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:21
Gulen Kommunestyre 2012–2015 [14]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)2
 Progress Party (Framstegspartiet)1
 Conservative Party (Høgre)5
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)2
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)8
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:21
Gulen Kommunestyre 2008–2011 [13]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)3
 Conservative Party (Høgre)4
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)5
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)6
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:21
Gulen Kommunestyre 2004–2007 [13]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)4
 Conservative Party (Høgre)4
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)5
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)5
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:21
Gulen Kommunestyre 2000–2003 [13]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)5
 Conservative Party (Høgre)4
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)5
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)4
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:21
Gulen Kommunestyre 1996–1999 [15]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)3
 Conservative Party (Høgre)2
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)3
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)10
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:21
Gulen Kommunestyre 1992–1995 [16]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)4
 Conservative Party (Høgre)3
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)3
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)8
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:21
Gulen Kommunestyre 1988–1991 [17]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)7
 Conservative Party (Høgre)5
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)3
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)7
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:25
Gulen Kommunestyre 1984–1987 [18]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)6
 Conservative Party (Høgre)6
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)3
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)7
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:25
Gulen Kommunestyre 1980–1983 [19]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)4
 Conservative Party (Høgre)7
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)3
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)7
 Non-political common list (Upolitisk Fellesliste)4
Total number of members:25
Gulen Kommunestyre 1976–1979 [20]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)3
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)3
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)9
 Non-party common list (Upolitiske Fellesliste)10
Total number of members:25
Gulen Kommunestyre 1972–1975 [21]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)6
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)4
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)8
 Liberal Party (Venstre)6
 Local List(s) (Lokale lister)1
Total number of members:25
Gulen Kommunestyre 1968–1971 [22]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)6
 Conservative Party (Høgre)1
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti)4
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)9
 Liberal Party (Venstre)9
Total number of members:29
Gulen Kommunestyre 1964–1967 [23]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)5
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)9
 Liberal Party (Venstre)8
 Local List(s) (Lokale lister)7
Total number of members:29
Gulen Heradsstyre 1960–1963 [24]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)6
 Conservative Party (Høgre)1
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)7
 Liberal Party (Venstre)6
 Local List(s) (Lokale lister)9
Total number of members:29
Gulen Heradsstyre 1956–1959 [25]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)7
 Conservative Party (Høgre)1
 Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet)8
 Liberal Party (Venstre)7
 Local List(s) (Lokale lister)6
Total number of members:29
Gulen Heradsstyre 1952–1955 [26]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)8
 Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet)11
 Liberal Party (Venstre)13
Total number of members:32
Gulen Heradsstyre 1948–1951 [27]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)5
 Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet)8
 Liberal Party (Venstre)11
 Local List(s) (Lokale lister)8
Total number of members:32
Gulen Heradsstyre 1945–1947 [28]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)4
 Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet)5
 Liberal Party (Venstre)8
 Local List(s) (Lokale lister)15
Total number of members:32
Gulen Heradsstyre 1938–1941* [29]  
Party Name (in Nynorsk)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet)5
 Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet)6
 Liberal Party (Venstre)9
 Local List(s) (Lokale lister)12
Total number of members:32

Mayor

The mayor (ordførar) of a municipality in Norway is usually a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. The mayors of Gulen (incomplete list):

  • 2011-present: Hallvard S. Oppedal (Sp)
  • 1999-2011: Trude Brosvik (KrF)
  • 1983-1999: Ola Byrknes (Ap)
  • 1978-1983: Olav Solheim (Ap)

Geography
View of the Eidsfjorden
View of the Rutle area in northern Gulen (photo: Bjarne Thune)

Gulen has an area of about 600 square kilometres (230 sq mi) including about 1500 small islands, islets, and skerries. The largest of the islands are Byrknesøyna, Hiserøyna, Mjømna, and Sandøyna.[30] The mainland is characterized by small valleys and large mountains crossing the landscape. The lake Dingevatn is one of Norway's deepest lakes.

Gulen is bounded on the north by the Sognefjorden and the Sognesjøen, and to the south by the Fensfjorden with the North Sea to the west of the municipality. Gulen is bordered by the municipalities of Solund and Hyllestad to the north (across the Sognefjorden), by Høyanger to the east, and by Austrheim (across the Fensfjorden), Lindås, and Masfjorden to the south.

The area is a geological region that contains a relatively low nutrition content ground, which characterizes the types of flora. The moors, which are frequently covered with wild purple heather, are the dominating picture of the area. Due to the large quantity of rain in the area, there are many types of moss and lichen in Gulen.[31] Most of the land in Gulen is very mountainous and inhospitable.

Land use in Gulen
Land typePercent
Agricultural4%
Forest19%
Water3%
Other74%

Economy

Historically, Gulen's economy has been centered around farming and fishing. More recently, Gulen has become important because of its close proximity to the Mongstad industrial area which includes many oil refineries operated by Statoil, Shell Oil, and other oil companies. Other factories and industries in Gulen include Wergeland-Halsvik, Baker Oil Tools, Johnny Birkeland Transport, and Vest Tank. There are many other small businesses located in Gulen today.

Tusenårsstedet Gulatinget
Tusenårsstedet Gulatinget

The Gulating was a legislative assembly which met regularly for a period of at least five hundred years in Gulen on the shores of the Gulafjorden. In 1300, the assembly was moved to Bergen. The members of the assembly represented the farmers of Western Norway. This was where important political issues were discussed and decisions were made. The old assembly was also used as a law court for both civil and criminal cases. The Gulating was thus related to the representative institutions of today such as the municipal council and the Norwegian Parliament, Storting.[32]

A sculpture park was built in Flolid in Gulen in order to commemorate the Gulating legislative assembly. Norwegian sculptor Bård Breivik was responsible for the artistic elements which were opened by the public during August 2005. The park is a work of art in its own right that is used as the setting for outdoor dance and musical performances in beautiful and unique natural surroundings.[33]

Attractions

Sellevåg Wooden Shoe Factory

Wooden shoes were produced in Sellevåg from 1899–1975. The factory was powered by water in the Sellevåg Lake. The wooden shoe factory is still there with all its production equipment intact. A guided tour with demonstration can be arranged on request.[33]

Trondheim Post-Road

The historic mail route from Bergen and Trondheim, The post-road goes through the municipalities of Fjaler, Hyllestad and Gulen. Built between 1801 and 1806, it passes over many beautiful stone bridges.[33]

References
  1. "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. Statistisk sentralbyrå (2020). "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  4. Statistisk sentralbyrå (2020). "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. Fjelltveit, Ingvild; Raunholm, Per Vidar (2016-12-20). "Foreslår å legge ned 17 lensmannskontor i Vest politidistrikt". NRK Hordaland (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2017-10-20.
  6. Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  7. Natvik, Oddvar (9 February 2005). "Some historical data on the 26 Kommunes". Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  8. Rygh, Oluf (1919). Norske gaardnavne: Nordre Bergenhus amt (in Norwegian) (12 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 195.
  9. "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
  10. "Skular i Gulen kommune" (in Norwegian). Scandion.no. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
  11. Hansen, Tore, ed. (2016-05-12). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
  12. "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Vestland". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
  13. "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  14. "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Sogn og Fjordane". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
  15. "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
  16. "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
  17. "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
  18. "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
  19. "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
  20. "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  21. "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  22. "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  23. "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  24. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  25. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  26. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  27. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  28. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  29. "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  30. Statistics Norway (1 January 2008). "Figures on Gulen Municipality". Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  31. Scandion.no. "Gulen - møtestad for lov og rett" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  32. Gulatingsloven (Store norske leksikon)
  33. GoNorway.no. "Gulen in Sogn og Fjordane". Retrieved 3 June 2008.
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