Foreign relations of Georgia

Georgia's location, nestled between the Black Sea, Russia, and Turkey, renders it strategically important. It is developing as the gateway from the Black Sea to the Caucasus and the larger Caspian region, but also serves as a buffer between Russia and Turkey. Georgia has a long and tumultuous relationship with Russia, but it is reaching out to its other neighbours and looking to the West in search of alternatives and opportunities. It signed a partnership and cooperation agreement with the European Union, participates in the Partnership for Peace, and encourages foreign investment. France, Germany, South Korea the United Kingdom and the United States all have embassies in Tbilisi. Georgia in 2004-2008 sought to become a member of NATO, but did not succeed in the face of strong Russian opposition.[1]

Georgia
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Georgia is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the OSCE. Because of its strategic location, Georgia is in both the Russian and American spheres of influence,[2] however Georgia's relationship with Russia is at its lowest point since 1921 due to controversies regarding espionage and the 2008 South Ossetia war. As a result, Georgia broke off diplomatic relations with Russia and has left the Commonwealth of Independent States.[3]

Relations by country

Africa
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria27 May 1993
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 27, 1993.
  • Algeria is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Georgia is represented in Algeria through its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
 Botswana15 January 2010[4]
 Burkina Faso10 October 2012

Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 10, 2012.[5]

 Burundi21 March 1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 21, 1993.

 Cape Verde22 January 2010

Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 22, 2010.

 Central African Republic22 December 2010[6]
 Comoros26 March 2010[7]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo14 January 2011[8]
 Djibouti22 November 2000

Both countries established diplomatic relations on November 22, 2000.[9]

 Egypt11 May 1992[10]
 Equatorial Guinea23 June 2010[12]
 Eritrea24 February 2012[13]
 Gambia21 April 2010[14]
 Guinea-Bissau9 March 2011[15]See also Georgia-Guinea-Bissau relations
 Lesotho23 September 2013

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2013.[16]

 Malawi19 October 2011

Both countries established diplomatic relations on September 19, 2011.[17]

 Mali9 May 2012[18]
 Mauritania16 June 2011

Both countries established diplomatic relations on June 16, 2011.[19]

 Mauritius5 March 2011[20]
 Namibia5 November 2015
 Niger30 May 2012[21]
 Rwanda10 March 2011[22]
 Seychelles15 March 2013

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 15, 2013.[23][24]

 Sierra Leone7 April 1997

Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 7, 1997.

 Somalia26 February 2011[25]
 South Africa
 South Sudan15 June 2012[26]
 Swaziland20 May 2016

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 2016.

 Togo

Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 27, 2014.[27]

 Uganda9 December 2010

Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 9, 2010.[28]

 Zambia14 October 1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1993.[29]

 Zimbabwe24 July 1992

Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 24, 1992.[30]

Americas
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda11 April 2011[31]Antigua and Barbuda and Georgia established diplomatic relations on 11 April 2011, and signed a joint protocol.[31]
 Argentina
  • Argentina is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
 Bahamas13 May 2011[32]
 Belize1 October 2015

Both countries established diplomatic relation on October 1, 2015.

 Brazil
  • Brazil has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Brasília.
 Canada23 July 1992
  • Canada is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Ottawa.
 Cuba18 April 1992
  • Cuba is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Havana.
 Dominica16 December 2010[33]
 Dominican Republic22 January 2010[34]
 Grenada23 November 2011[35]
 Guatemala27 April 2010[36]
 Guyana23 April 2012[37]
 Haiti16 December 2011[38]
 Honduras9 March 2011[39]
 Mexico8 June 1992[40] See Georgia-Mexico relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Mexico City.[41]
  • Mexico is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey and maintains an honorary consulate in Tbilisi.[42]
 Nicaragua[43]14 September 1994[44] — 28 November 2008[45] Nicaraguan-Georgian diplomatic relations established on 19 September 1994[44] and ended on 29 November 2008. The Georgian Foreign Ministry said that it had cut diplomatic ties with Nicaragua in a response to the latter's recognition of independence of breakaway South Ossetia and Abkhazia.[45]
 Panama18 November 1998

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 November 1998.[46]

 Paraguay9 March 2010[47]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis26 October 2011[48]
 Saint LuciaFebruary 2010[49]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines22 June 2010[50]
 Suriname28 May 2011[51]
 Trinidad and Tobago

Georgia is represented in Trinidad and Tobago by its embassy in Brasilia.[52]

 United States23 April 1992[53]See Georgia–United States relations

On 9 January 2009, the U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Georgian Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze signed a Charter on Strategic Partnership, a nonbinding document outlining areas of cooperation and reiterating the U.S. support for Georgia's territorial integrity and to Georgia's NATO membership.[54]

Asia
Country Formal Relations Began Notes¨
 Armenia17 July 1992[55] See Armenia–Georgia relations
  • There are nearly 250,000 Armenians in Georgia, among them 115,000 living in Samtskhe-Javakheti and 83,000 in Tbilisi.[56] The Georgian minority in Armenia is less sizable.
  • Armenia and Georgia have a long history of cultural and political relations. The interaction peaked in the Middle Ages when both nations engaged in prolific cultural dialogue and allied themselves against the neighboring Muslim empires. There were frequent intermarriages between Armenian and Georgian the royal and noble families and both ethnicities intermingled in several border areas.
  • Armenia has an embassy in Tbilisi. and general consulate in Batumi.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Yerevan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly and the EU's Eastern Partnership.
 Azerbaijan18 November 1992[57] See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
 Brunei1 March 2010[58]
 China9 June 1992[59]
 East Timor

Georgia is represented in Timor by its embassy in Jakarta.[61]

 India28 September 1992[62] See Georgia–India relations
 Iran15 May 1992[64] See Persia-Georgia relations, Georgia–Iran relations
  • Persia and Georgia have had relations for thousands of years.
 Israel1 June 1992[65]See Georgia–Israel relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
  • Israel has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • There are 13,000 Georgian Jews living in Georgia.
 Japan3 August 1992[66] See Georgia–Japan relations
  • Since November 2006, Georgia has maintained an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Tbilisi.

Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Japan

 Kazakhstan24 July 1992[67]
 Kyrgyzstan
 Malaysia7 May 1993[70]
 MaldivesMarch 2010[71]
   Nepal
 North Korea11 March 1994[73]
 Pakistan12 May 1992
 Saudi Arabia27 May 1994[74]
 South Korea14 December 1992[75] See Georgia–South Korea relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Georgia began on 14 December 1992.[76]

 Syria18 May 1993[80] — 5 June 2018[81]Georgia began the procedure of terminating diplomatic relations with Syria due to Damascus' recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
 TaiwannoneRepublic of China passports not valid for entry in Georgia.
 Tajikistan
 Turkey21 May 1992[83]See Georgia–Turkey relations

Europe
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania8 July 1993[86]See Albania–Georgia relations
  • Albania is represented in Georgia through a non resident ambassador based in Ankara, (Turkey).
  • Georgia is represented in Albania through a non resident ambassador based in Ankara, (Turkey).
 Austria18 January 1993[87]
 Belarus
  • Belarus has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Minsk.
 Bulgaria5 June 1992[88]See Bulgaria–Georgia relations
 Cyprus9 July 1993[91]See Georgia-Cyprus relations
 Czech Republic1 January 1993[92]
 Denmark1 July 1992[93]See Denmark–Georgia relations
 Estonia16 June 1992[94]
 Finland8 July 1992[95]
 France21 August 1992[96]See France–Georgia relations
  • France has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Paris.
 Germany13 April 1992[97]
 Greece20 April 1992See Georgia–Greece relations
 Hungary14 May 1992[100]
 Iceland21 September 1992

Both countries established diplomatic relations on September 21, 1992.

 Italy11 May 1992[102]See Georgia–Italy relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Rome.
  • Italy has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
 Latvia11 March 1993[103]
 Lithuania16 September 1994[105]
 Malta1 February 1993[108]
 Moldova25 June 1992[109]
 Netherlands22 April 1992[110][111]
 North Macedonia16 February 2019[114] Georgia and North Macedonia established diplomatic relations on the 16th February 2019.
 Poland28 April 1992[115]See Georgia–Poland relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Tbilisi.
 Romania25 June 1992[116]
 Russia[43]1 July 1992—2 September 2008[117]See Georgia–Russia relations

On 29 August 2008, in the aftermath of the 2008 South Ossetia war, Deputy Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze announced that Georgia had broken diplomatic relations with Russia. He also said that Russian diplomats must leave Georgia, and that no Georgian diplomat would remain in Russia, while only consular relations would be maintained. Russian foreign ministry spokesman Andrei Nesterenko said that Russia regretted this step.[118]

 Serbia26 June 1995[119]
 Slovenia13 January 1993See also Georgia-Slovenia relations
 Spain
  • Georgia has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
 Sweden19 September 1992[121]See Georgia–Sweden relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • After the war, when Abkhazia and South Ossetia broke away from Georgia, Georgia and Sweden both did not recognize the independence of both states. There were protests near the Russian embassy in Stockholm, as the war was going on 12 August 2008. The protests was held by a group of Georgians and Swedes.
  Switzerland10 June 1992[122]
 Ukraine22 July 1992[124]See Georgia–Ukraine relations

Relations between Georgia and Ukraine and between the Georgian and Ukrainian people in particular last from the Middle Ages.

 United Kingdom27 April 1992[125] See Georgia–United Kingdom relations
  Vatican City5 May 1992 See Georgia–Holy See relations
  • Georgia has an Embassy in Rome.
  • Vatican has an Apostolic Nunciature in Tbilisi.

Oceania
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia
  • Australia is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Canberra.
 Fiji29 March 2010[128]
 Micronesia12 August 2011[132]
 Samoa12 March 2010

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 12, 2010.[133][134]

 Solomon Islands12 March 2011[135]
 Tuvalu4 February 2011[136]—16 February 2012[137]
31 March 2014[138]

On 16 February 2012 Georgia issued a presidential order ending diplomatic relations with Tuvalu. This comes in response to a visit by the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Willy Telavi, to Abkhazia and South Ossetia in September 2011, where he announced that the Pacific nation would recognise the two states.[137]

However, the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Enele Sopoaga retracted the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 31 March 2014 when Tuvalu's Foreign Minister Taukelina Finikaso signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with Georgia. Tuvalu's Foreign Minister said that his country supports Georgia's territorial integrity in its international recognized borders.[138][139]

 Vanuatu15 July 2013[140]See Georgia–Vanuatu relations

Overview
Foreign relation of Georgia:
  Diplomatic relations established

Georgia has established relations with 185 countries and the Order of Malta.

Georgia has terminated its diplomatic relations with Russia,[43][118] Nicaragua[43][45] and Syria.[43][81]

Georgia has not yet established diplomatic relations with:

See also

Further reading

References
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