List of mammals of Georgia (country)
There are 80 mammal species in Georgia, of which one is critically endangered, two are endangered, ten are vulnerable, and two are near threatened. All mammals in Georgia are in subclass Theria and infraclass Eutheria, being placental mammals.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Genus: Hystrix
- Indian porcupine, Hystrix indica LR/lc
- Genus: Hystrix
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Sciurus
- Caucasian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus LR/nt
- Genus: Sciurus
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Spermophilus
- Caucasian mountain ground squirrel, Spermophilus musicus LR/lc
- Little ground squirrel, Spermophilus pygmaeus LR/lc
- Genus: Spermophilus
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LR/nt
- Genus: Dryomys
- Subfamily: Glirinae
- Genus: Glis
- Edible dormouse, Glis glis LR/nt
- Genus: Glis
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
- Genus: Allactaga
- Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater LR/lc
- Genus: Allactaga
- Subfamily: Sicistinae
- Genus: Sicista
- Northern birch mouse, Sicista betulina LR/nt
- Kazbeg birch mouse, Sicista kazbegica DD
- Genus: Sicista
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
- Family: Spalacidae
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Genus: Nannospalax
- Nehring's blind mole-rat, Nannospalax nehringi LR/lc
- Genus: Nannospalax
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetus
- European hamster, Cricetus cricetus LR/lc
- Genus: Mesocricetus
- Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti LR/lc
- Genus: Cricetus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Chionomys
- Caucasian snow vole, Chionomys gud LR/nt
- Snow vole, Chionomys nivalis LR/nt
- Robert's snow vole, Chionomys roberti LR/nt
- Genus: Ellobius
- Transcaucasian mole vole, Ellobius lutescens LR/lc
- Genus: Microtus
- Altai vole, Microtus obscurus LR/lc
- Genus: Prometheomys
- Long-clawed mole vole, Prometheomys schaposchnikowi LR/lc
- Genus: Chionomys
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LR/lc
- Yellow-breasted field mouse, Apodemus fulvipectus LR/lc
- Broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus mystacinus LR/lc
- Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus LR/lc
- Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LR/lc
- Genus: Micromys
- Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LR/nt
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Southern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor LR/lc
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Gueldenstaedt's shrew, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii LR/lc
- Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon LR/lc
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens LR/lc
- Genus: Suncus
- Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Transcaucasian water shrew, Neomys schelkovnikovi LR/lc
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LR/lc
- Radde's shrew, Sorex raddei LR/lc
- Caucasian pygmy shrew, Sorex volnuchini LR/lc
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's bat, Myotis bechsteini VU
- Lesser mouse-eared bat, Myotis blythii LR/lc
- Geoffroy's bat, Myotis emarginatus VU
- Natterer's bat, Myotis nattereri LR/lc
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Barbastelle, Barbastella barbastellus VU
- Asian barbastelle, Barbastella leucomelas LR/lc
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssoni LR/lc
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's pipistrelle, Hypsugo savii LR/lc
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Greater noctule bat, Nyctalus lasiopterus LR/nt
- Lesser noctule, Nyctalus leisleri LR/nt
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii LC
- Nathusius' pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii LR/lc
- Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus LR/lc
- Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus LR/lc
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Schreibers' long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii LC
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale VU
- Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LR/nt
- Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros LC
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus mehelyi VU
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC (vagrant)[2]
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Tursiops
- Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LR/lc
- Genus: Tursiops
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Felis
- Caucasian wildcat, Felis silvestris caucasica
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[3]
- Genus: Felis
- Subfamily: Pantherinae
- Genus: Panthera
- Persian leopard, Panthera pardus tulliana EN
- Caspian tiger, Panthera tigris tigris EX
- Genus: Panthera
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
- Genus: Hyaena
- Striped hyena, H. hyaena NT
- Genus: Hyaena
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Vulpes
- Red fox, Vulpes vulpes LC
- Genus: Canis
- Steppe wolf, Canis lupus campestris LC
- Eurasian wolf, Canis lupus lupus LC
- Genus: Vulpes
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[4]
- Genus: Ursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Mustela
- European mink, M. lutreola CR[5]
- Stoat, Mustela erminea LC
- Steppe polecat, Mustela eversmannii LC
- Least weasel, Mustela nivalis LC
- Genus: Vormela
- Marbled polecat, Vormela peregusna LC
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, Martes foina LC
- Pine marten, Martes martes LC
- Genus: Meles
- Eurasian badger, Meles meles LC
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra NT[6]
- Genus: Mustela
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Monachus
- Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus EN[7]
- Genus: Monachus
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
- Genus: Gazella
- Goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa VU
- Genus: Gazella
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
See also
Notes
- This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
- The Status of Cetaceans in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea
- Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
- McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41688A121229971.en.
- Maran, T.; Aulagnier, S.; Libois, R.; Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. & Wozencraft, C. (2010). "Mustela lutreola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14018A4381596.
- Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P.; Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12419A21935287.en.
- Karamanlidis, A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13653A45227543. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T13653A45227543.en.
References
- "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Georgia". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.