Ambassadors of the United States

Ambassadors of the United States are persons nominated as ambassadors by the President to serve as United States diplomats to individual nations of the world, to international organizations, and as ambassadors-at-large. Their appointment needs to be confirmed by the United States Senate.[1] An ambassador can be appointed during a recess, but he or she can only serve as ambassador until the end of the next session of Congress unless subsequently confirmed.[2] Ambassadors serve "at the pleasure of the President", meaning they can be dismissed at any time. Appointments change regularly for various reasons, such as reassignment or retirement.

Flag of ambassadors of the United States of America
President Kennedy with a group of ambassadors in March 1961

An ambassador may be a career Foreign Service Officer (career diplomat – CD) or a political appointee (PA). In most cases, career foreign service officers serve a tour of approximately three years per ambassadorship whereas political appointees customarily tender their resignations upon the inauguration of a new president. As embassies fall under the State Department's jurisdiction, ambassadors answer directly to the Secretary of State.

The United States Department of State provides lists of ambassadors which are updated periodically.[3] (A recent list was issued on December 4, 2018.[4] A further 24 nominees were confirmed on January 2, 2019, and a number of ambassadorships remain vacant.) A listing by country of past chiefs of mission is maintained by the Office of the Historian of the U.S. Department of State.[5] That same office maintains a list of the names and appointment dates of past and present ambassadors-at-large,[6] as well as chiefs of mission to international organizations.[7] This information may also be available in the final pages of the aforementioned periodically updated lists of overseas ambassadors.[3]

Current U.S. ambassadors

Note that the information in this list is subject to change due to regular personnel changes resulting from retirements, reassignments, etc. The State Department posts updated lists of ambassadors approximately monthly, accessible via an interactive menu-based website.[3] As of early June 2018 there remained 28 vacant ambassadorships.[8]

Host countryListAmbassadorBackgroundWebsitePosition establishedConfirmed
 Afghanistan List Vacant since January 6, 2020

Ross Wilson Chargé d'Affaires

 N/A Kabul 1935
 Albania List Yuri Kim CD Tirana 1922 December 19, 2019
 Algeria List John Desrocher CD Algiers 1962 August 3, 2017
 Andorra[9] List Richard Duke Buchan III PA Madrid 1998 November 2, 2017
 Angola List Nina Maria Fite CD Luanda 1994 November 2, 2017
 Antigua and Barbuda[10] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela[11] CD Bridgetown 1981 December 9, 2015
 Argentina List Edward C. Prado PA Buenos Aires 1823 March 22, 2018
 Armenia List Lynne M. Tracy CD Yerevan 1993 January 2, 2019
 Australia List Arthur B. Culvahouse Jr. PA Canberra 1940 January 2, 2019
 Austria List Trevor Traina PA Vienna 1838 March 22, 2018
 Azerbaijan List Earle D. Litzenberger CD Baku 1992 January 2, 2019
Bahamas List Vacant since November 21, 2011
Stephanie Bowers, Chargé d'Affaires a.i. [12]		 (N/A) Nassau 1973
 Bahrain List Justin Siberell CD Manama 1971 September 28, 2017
 Bangladesh List Earl R. Miller CD Dhaka 1974 November 13, 2018
 Barbados[10] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela[11] CD Bridgetown 1966 December 9, 2015
 Belarus List Vacant since March 12, 2008[13]
Jenifer H. Moore, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.[14]		 (N/A) Minsk 1992
 Belgium List Ronald Gidwitz PA Brussels 1832 June 28, 2018
 Belize List Vacant since January 20, 2017
Keith R. Gilges, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.[15]		 (N/A) Belmopan 1981
 Benin List Patricia Mahoney CD Cotonou 1960 January 2, 2019
 Bhutan The United States does not maintain formal diplomatic relations with Bhutan. Informal contact through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.
 Bolivia List Vacant since September 10, 2008[16]
Bruce Williamson, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.[17]		 (N/A) La Paz 1849
 Bosnia and Herzegovina List Eric George Nelson CD Sarajevo 1993 January 2, 2019
 Botswana List Craig Lewis Cloud CD Gaborone 1966 January 2, 2019
 Brazil List Todd C. Chapman CD Brasilia 1825 February 11, 2020
 Brunei List Vacant since May 20th, 2020
Scott E. Woodard, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 CD Bandar Seri Begawan 1984
 Bulgaria List Herro Mustafa CD Sofia 1901 September 26, 2019
 Burkina Faso List Andrew Robert Young CD Ouagadougou 1960 September 28, 2016
 Burma (Myanmar)[18] List Scot Marciel CD Rangoon 1947 February 9, 2016
 Burundi List Vacant since May 5, 2019
Eunice Reddick, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 CD Bujumbura 1962
 Cabo Verde (Cape Verde) List Jeff Daigle (N/A) Praia 1976 May 24, 2019
 Cambodia List W. Patrick Murphy (N/A) Phnom Penh 1950 August 1, 2019
 Cameroon List Peter Barlerin CD Yaoundé 1960 November 2, 2017
 Canada List Vacant since August 23, 2019
Richard M. Mills Jr., as Chargé d'Affaires		 PA Ottawa 1927
 Central African Republic[19][20][21] List Lucy Tamlyn CD Bangui 1960 January 2, 2019
 Chad List Vacant since September 2018[22]
Jessica Davis Ba, Chargé d'Affaires a.i[23]		 (N/A) N'Djamena 1961
 Chile List Vacant since January 31, 2019
Baxter Hunt, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [24]		 (N/A) Santiago 1824
 China List Terry Branstad PA Beijing 1844 May 22, 2017
 Colombia List Philip Goldberg N/A Bogotá 1823 August 1, 2019
 Comoros[25] List Michael Pelletier CD Antananarivo 1977 January 2, 2019
Congo-Brazzaville List Todd Haskell CD Brazzaville 1960 May 18, 2017
Congo-Kinshasa (DRC) List Mike Hammer CD Kinshasa 1960 September 6, 2018
 Costa Rica List Sharon Day PA San José 1853 August 3, 2017
 Croatia List Robert Kohorst PA Zagreb 1992 November 2, 2017
 Cuba List Vacant since October 28, 1960
Mara Tekach, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [26]		 (N/A) Havana 1902
 Cyprus List Judith G. Garber CD Nicosia 1960 January 2, 2019
 Czech Republic List Steve King PA Prague 1992 October 5, 2017
 Denmark List Carla Sands PA Copenhagen 1827 November 2, 2017
 Djibouti List Larry André Jr. CD Djibouti 1980 November 2, 2017
 Dominica[10] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela[11] CD Bridgetown 1979 December 9, 2015
 Dominican Republic List Robin Bernstein PA Santo Domingo 1884 June 28, 2018
 East Timor List Kathleen M. Fitzpatrick CD Dili 2002 November 2, 2017
 Ecuador List Michael J. Fitzpatrick CD Quito 1833 May 23, 2019
 Egypt List Jonathan Cohen CD Cairo 1848 August 1, 2019
 El Salvador List Ronald D. Johnson[27] (N/A) San Salvador 1863 June 27, 2019
 Equatorial Guinea List Susan N. Stevenson CD Malabo 1967 January 2, 2019
 Eritrea List Vacant since July 19, 2010
Natalie E. Brown, Chargé d'Affaires a.i. [28]		 (N/A) Asmara 1991
 Estonia List Vacant since July 2018[29]
Elizabeth Horst, Chargé d'Affaires a.i[30]		 (N/A) Tallinn 1922
 Eswatini (Swaziland)[31] List Lisa J. Peterson CD Mbabane 1971 November 19, 2015
 Ethiopia List Michael A. Raynor CD Addis Ababa 1908 August 3, 2017
 Fiji[32] List Joseph Cella PA Suva 1971 September 24, 2019
 Finland List Robert Pence PA Helsinki 1920 March 22, 2018
 France[33] List Jamie D. McCourt PA Paris 1778 November 2, 2017
 Gabon[34] List Vacant since March 2019
Owen Hayes, Chargé d'Affaires a.i[35]		 CD Libreville 1960
 The Gambia List Richard Carlton Paschall III CD Banjul 1965 January 2, 2019
 Georgia List Kelly Degnan CD Tbilisi 1992 December 19, 2019
 Germany List Vacant since May 2020
Robin Quinville, Chargé d'Affaires a.i.[36]		 Berlin 1797
 Ghana List Stephanie Sullivan CD Ghana 1957 September 6, 2018
 Greece List Geoffrey Pyatt CD Athens 1868 July 14, 2016
 Grenada[10] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela[11] CD Bridgetown 1975 December 9, 2015
 Guatemala List Luis Arreaga CD Guatemala 1826 October 4, 2017
 Guinea-Bissau[37] List Tulinabo S. Mushingi CD Bissau VPP 1976 May 18, 2017
Guinea-Conakry List Vacant CD Conakry 1959 June 9, 2020
 Guyana List Sarah-Ann Lynch CD Georgetown 1966 January 2, 2019
 Haiti List Michele J. Sison CD Port-au-Prince 1862 November 2, 2017
  Holy See (Vatican City) List Callista Gingrich PA Vatican 1984 October 16, 2017
 Honduras List Vacant since June 2017
Heide B. Fulton, Chargé d'Affaires a.i. [38]		 (N/A) Tegucigalpa 1853
 Hungary List David B. Cornstein PA Budapest 1921 May 24, 2018
 Iceland List Jeffrey Gunter PA Reykjavik 1941 May 23, 2019
 India List Kenneth Juster PA New Delhi 1947 November 2, 2017
 Indonesia List Vacant since February 14, 2020
Heather Variava Chargé d'Affaires a.i.		 Jakarta 1949
 Iran List No diplomatic relations since April 7, 1980. Informal contact via the U.S. Interests Section in the Swiss embassy.
Virtual Embassy Tehran open since December 2011.
 Iraq List Matthew H. Tueller CD Baghdad 1931 May 16, 2019
Ireland List Edward F. Crawford[39]
 PA Dublin 1927 June 13, 2019
 Israel List David M. Friedman PA Jerusalem 1949 March 23, 2017
 Italy[40] List Lewis Eisenberg PA Rome 1831 August 3, 2017
 Ivory Coast List Richard K. Bell CD Abidjan 1960 August 1, 2019
 Jamaica List Donald Tapia PA Kingston 1962 July 18, 2019
 Japan List Vacant since July 22, 2019
Joseph M. Young, Chargé d’Affaires ad interim[41]		 (N/A) Tokyo 1859
 Jordan List Vacant since January 20, 2017
Karen Sasahara, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [42]		 (N/A) Amman 1950
 Kazakhstan List William H. Moser CD Nur-Sultan 1992 January 2, 2019
 Kenya List Kyle McCarter PA Nairobi 1964 January 2, 2019
 Kiribati[32] List Joseph Cella PA Suva 1980 September 24, 2019
 Kuwait List Alina Romanowski CD Kuwait City 1961 December 19, 2019
 Kyrgyzstan List Donald Lu CD Bishkek 1992 September 18, 2018
 Laos List Peter Haymond CD Vientiane 1950 December 19, 2019
 Latvia List John Carwile CD Riga 1922 September 26, 2019
 Lebanon List Elizabeth Holzhall Richard CD Beirut 1942 May 17, 2016
 Lesotho List Rebecca Gonzales CD Maseru 1966 November 16, 2017
 Liberia List Christine A. Elder CD Monrovia 1863 May 17, 2016
 Libya List Richard Norland CD Tripoli 1952 August 1, 2019
 Liechtenstein[43] List Ed McMullen PA Bern 1853 November 2, 2017
 Lithuania List Robert S. Gilchrist CD Vilnius 1922 December 19, 2019
 Luxembourg List J. Randolph Evans PA Luxembourg 1903 May 24, 2018
 Madagascar[25] List Michael Pelletier CD Antananarivo 1960 January 2, 2019
 Malawi List Robert K. Scott CD Lilongwe 1964 December 12, 2014
 Malaysia List Kamala Shirin Lakhdhir CD Kuala Lumpur 1957 December 9, 2016
 Maldives[44] List Alaina Teplitz CD Colombo 1949 September 6, 2018
 Mali List Dennis B. Hankins CD Bamako 1960 January 2, 2019
 Malta List Vacant since late Sept./early Oct. 2018 [45]
Mark A. Schapiro, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [46]		 (N/A) Attard 1964
 Marshall Islands List Roxanne Cabral CD Majuro 1986 December 19, 2019
 Mauritania List Michael Dodman CD Nouakchott 1960 November 2, 2017
 Mauritius[47] List David Dale Reimer CD Port Louis 1968 November 2, 2017
 Mexico List Christopher Landau PA Mexico City 1825 August 1, 2019
Micronesia List Carmen Cantor CD Kolonia 1987 December 19, 2019
 Moldova List Dereck J. Hogan CD Chişinău 1992 September 6, 2018
 Monaco[33][48] List Jamie D. McCourt PA Paris 2006 November 2, 2017
 Mongolia List Michael S. Klecheski CD Ulaanbaatar 1988 January 2, 2019
 Montenegro List Judy Rising Reinke CD Podgorica 1905 September 6, 2018
 Morocco List David T. Fischer PA Rabat 1906 December 19, 2019
 Mozambique List Dennis Walter Hearne CD Maputo 1976 January 2, 2019
 Namibia List Lisa A. Johnson CD Windhoek 1990 November 16, 2017
 Nauru[32] List Joseph Cella PA Suva 1974 September 24, 2019
   Nepal List Randy W. Berry CD Kathmandu 1959 September 6, 2018
 Netherlands List Pete Hoekstra PA The Hague 1781 November 9, 2017
 New Zealand[49] List Scott Brown PA Wellington 1942 June 8, 2017
 Nicaragua List Kevin K. Sullivan CD Managua 1851 October 11, 2018
 Niger List Eric P. Whitaker CD Niamey 1960 November 2, 2017
 Nigeria List Mary Beth Leonard CD Abuja 1960 August 1, 2019
 North Korea The United States does not maintain diplomatic relations with North Korea. Limited consular matters handled by the Swedish embassy.[50]
North Macedonia List Kate Marie Byrnes CD Skopje 1993 May 23, 2019
 Norway List Kenneth Braithwaite PA Oslo 1905 December 21, 2017
 Oman List Leslie Tsou CD Muscat 1972 December 19, 2019
 Pakistan List Vacant since July 2018
Paul W. Jones, Chargé d'Affaires a.i,[51]		 (N/A) Islamabad 1947
 Palau[52] List John Hennessey-Niland CD Koror 2004 February 14, 2020
 Panama List Vacant since January 12, 2018
Roxanne Cabral, Chargé d'Affaires a.i. [53]		 (N/A) Panama City 1903
 Papua New Guinea[54] List Erin Elizabeth McKee CD Port Moresby 1975 September 26, 2019
 Paraguay List M. Lee McClenny CD Asunción 1861 December 21, 2017
 Peru List Krishna Urs CD Lima 1827 August 3, 2017
 Philippines[52] List Sung Kim CD Manila 1946 September 28, 2016
 Poland List Georgette Mosbacher PA Warsaw 1919 September 6, 2018
 Portugal List George Edward Glass PA Lisbon 1791 August 3, 2017
 Qatar List Vacant since June 20, 2017
William Grant, Chargé d'Affaires a.i[55]		 (N/A) Doha 1971
 Romania List Adrian Zuckerman[56] PA Bucharest 1880 November 20, 2019
 Russia List John J. Sullivan CD Moscow 1809 December 12, 2019
 Rwanda List Peter H. Vrooman CD Kigali 1963 February 15, 2018
 Saint Kitts and Nevis[10] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela[11] CD Bridgetown 1984 December 9, 2015
 Saint Lucia[10] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela[11] CD Bridgetown 1983 December 9, 2015
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[10] List Linda Swartz Taglialatela[11] CD Bridgetown 1981 December 9, 2015
 Samoa[49] List Scott Brown PA Matafele Apia 1971 June 8, 2017
 San Marino[40] List Lewis Eisenberg PA Florence
San Marino VPP		 2006 August 3, 2017
 São Tomé and Príncipe[34] List Vacant since March 2019
Robert E. Whitehead, Chargé d'Affaires a.i[35]		 CD Libreville 1975
 Saudi Arabia List John P. Abizaid[57] PA Riyadh 1939 June 16, 2019
 Senegal[37] List Tulinabo S. Mushingi CD Dakar 1960 May 18, 2017
 Serbia List Anthony Godfrey CD Belgrade 1882 September 26, 2019
 Seychelles[47] List David Dale Reimer CD Port Louis 1976 November 2, 2017
 Sierra Leone List Maria Brewer CD Freetown 1961 August 3, 2017
 Singapore List Vacant since January 20, 2017 [58]
Rafik Mansour, Chargé d'Affaires a.i[59]		 (N/A) Singapore 1966
 Slovakia List Bridget A. Brink CD Bratislava 1993 May 23, 2019
 Slovenia List Lynda Blanchard PA Ljubljana 1992 July 18, 2019
 Solomon Islands[54] List Erin Elizabeth McKee CD Port Moresby 1978 September 26, 2019
 Somalia[60][61] List Donald Y. Yamamoto CD Somalia VPP 1960 October 11, 2018
 South Africa List Lana Marks[62] PA Pretoria 1929 September 26, 2019
 South Korea List Harry B. Harris Jr. PA Seoul 1883 June 28, 2018
 South Sudan List Thomas Hushek CD Juba 2011 April 26, 2018
 Spain[9] List Duke Buchan PA Madrid 1783 November 2, 2017
 Sri Lanka[44] List Alaina Teplitz CD Colombo 1949 September 6, 2018
 Sudan[63] List Vacant since February 7, 1996
Steven Koutsis, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [64]		 (N/A) Khartoum 1956
 Suriname List Karen L. Williams CD Paramaribo 1975 August 22, 2018
 Sweden List Ken Howery[65] PA Stockholm 1818 September 17, 2019
  Switzerland[43] List Ed McMullen PA Bern 1853 November 2, 2017
 Syria[66] List Vacant since February 28, 2014
Joel Rayburn, Special Envoy		 (N/A) Damascus 1942
 Taiwan Since January 19, 1979, diplomatic relations have been carried out by the American Institute in Taiwan
Taipei Office
 Tajikistan List John M. Pommersheim CD Dushanbe 1992 January 2, 2019
 Tanzania List Don J. Wright (N/A) Dar es Salaam 1962 February 11, 2020
 Thailand List Michael G. DeSombre PA Bangkok 1882 January 8, 2020
 Togo List Eric Stromayer CD Lomé 1960 January 2, 2019
 Tonga[32] List Joseph Cella PA Tonga 1972 September 24, 2019
 Trinidad and Tobago List Joseph N. Mondello PA Port of Spain 1962 June 28, 2018
 Tunisia List Donald Blome CD Tunis 1956 January 2, 2019
 Turkey List David M. Satterfield CD Ankara 1831 August 28, 2019
 Turkmenistan List Matthew Klimow CD Ashgabat 1992 May 24, 2019
 Tuvalu[32] List Joseph Cella PA Suva 1979 September 24, 2019
 Uganda List Deborah R. Malac CD Kampala 1963 November 19, 2015
 Ukraine List Vacant since May 20, 2019
Kristina Kvien, Chargé d'Affaires a.i		 CD Kiev 1992
 United Arab Emirates List John Rakolta PA Abu Dhabi 1972 September 17, 2019
 United Kingdom[67] List Woody Johnson PA London 1791 August 3, 2017
 Uruguay List Kenneth S. George CD Montevideo 1867 August 1, 2019
 Uzbekistan List Daniel N. Rosenblum CD Tashkent 1992 April 11, 2019
 Vanuatu[54] List Erin Elizabeth McKee CD Port Moresby 1986 September 26, 2019
 Venezuela List Vacant since July 16, 2010 [68]
James B. Story, Chargé d'Affaires a.i. [69]		 (N/A) Caracas 1835
 Vietnam List Daniel J. Kritenbrink CD Hanoi 1997 October 26, 2017
 Yemen List Christopher P. Henzel CD Sana’a 1988 January 2, 2019
 Zambia List Daniel Lewis Foote CD Lusaka 1965 November 2, 2017
 Zimbabwe List Brian A. Nichols CD Harare 1980 June 28, 2018
 Abkhazia The Republic of Abkhazia is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States.
 Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States.
 Palestine The Palestinian State is not recognized by the United States.
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States[70]
 South Ossetia The Republic of South Ossetia is not recognized by the United Nations or by the United States.

Ambassadors to international organizations

Current ambassadors from the United States to international organizations:

Host organizationListLocationAmbassadorBackgroundWebsiteConfirmed
African Union List Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Vacant since September 14, 2019 (N/A) Addis Ababa
Association of Southeast Asian Nations List Jakarta, Indonesia Vacant since January 20, 2017
Jane Bocklage, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [71]		 (N/A) Jakarta
Conference on Disarmament List Geneva, Switzerland Robert Wood CD Geneva July 15, 2014
European Union List Brussels, Belgium Ronald Gidwitz (Acting) PA Brussels
International Civil Aviation Organization List Montreal, Quebec, Canada Thomas L. Carter PA Montreal November 2, 2017
North Atlantic Treaty Organization List Brussels, Belgium Kay Bailey Hutchison PA Brussels August 3, 2017
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development List Paris, France Vacant since January 20, 2017[72]
Andrew Haviland, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [73]		 (N/A) Paris
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons[74] List The Hague, Netherlands Kenneth Ward [75] CD The Hague December 7, 2015
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe List Vienna, Austria Vacant since January 20, 2017[76]
Harry Kamian, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [77]		 (N/A) Vienna
Organization of American States List Washington, D.C., United States Carlos Trujillo PA Washington, D.C. March 22, 2018
United Nations List New York, United States Kelly Craft New York City July 31, 2019
United Nations (Deputy) List Washington, D.C., United States Jonathan R. Cohen[78] CD New York City May 24, 2018
United Nations (Management and Reform) List New York, United States Cherith Norman Chalet PA New York City September 12, 2018
United Nations (Special Political Affairs) List New York, United States Vacant since January 20, 2017 (N/A) New York City
United Nations Economic and Social Council List New York, United States Kelley Eckels Currie PA New York City August 3, 2017
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
-- U.S. withdrew from UNESCO effective December 31, 2018 [79][80]		 List Paris, France Vacant since January 20, 2017 (N/A) Paris
United Nations Human Rights Council
-- On June 19, 2018 the U.S. announced it was withdrawing from the UN-HRC [81]		 List Geneva, Switzerland Vacant since January 20, 2017
Mark Cassayre, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [82]		 (N/A) Geneva
United Nations International Organizations in Geneva List Geneva, Switzerland Vacant since January 20, 2017[83]
Mark Cassayre, Chargé d'Affaires a.i [82]		 (N/A) Geneva
United Nations International Organizations in Nairobi List Nairobi, Kenya Robert F. Godec CD Nairobi January 2, 2013
United Nations International Organizations in Rome (U.N. Agencies for Food & Agriculture) List Rome, Italy Kip Tom PA Rome April 11, 2019
United Nations International Organizations in Vienna List Vienna, Austria Jackie Wolcott CD Vienna September 24, 2018

Ambassadors-at-Large

Current Ambassadors-at-Large from the United States with worldwide responsibility:[84][85]

PortfolioListAmbassadorBackgroundWebsiteConfirmed
Counterterrorism (Coordinator) List Nathan Alexander Sales PA August 3, 2017
Global AIDS Combat[86] (Coordinator) List Deborah L. Birx PA April 4, 2014
Global Criminal Justice List Morse H. Tan PA December 19, 2019
Global Women's Issues List Kelley Eckels Currie CD Decdember 19, 2019
International Religious Freedom List Sam Brownback PA January 24, 2018
Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (Director) List John C. Richmond PA October 11, 2018

Other Chiefs of Mission

Senior diplomatic representatives of the United States hosted in posts other than embassies. Unlike other consulates, these persons report directly to the Secretary of State.

Host countryListAmbassadorTitleWebsiteAppointed
 Curaçao[87] List Margaret Hawthorne Consul General and Chief of Mission Curaçao April 2016
 Hong Kong[88] List Kurt Tong Consul General and Chief of Mission Hong Kong August 27, 2016
 Jerusalem[89] List Karen Sasahara Consul General and Chief of Mission Jerusalem August 2018
 Macau[88] List Kurt Tong Consul General and Chief of Mission Hong Kong August 27, 2016
 Taiwan List William Brent Christensen Director Taipei August 11, 2018

Special Envoys, Representatives and Coordinators

These diplomatic officials report directly to the Secretary of State. Many oversee a portfolio not restricted to one nation, often an overall goal, and are not usually subject to Senate confirmation.[90][85][91] Unlike the State Department offices and diplomats listed in other sections of this Article, the offices and special envoys/representatives/coordinators listed in this Section are created and staffed by direction of top Federal Executive administrators - primarily U.S. Presidents and Secretaries of State - whose political or organizational management philosophies may not be shared by their successors.[92][93][94] As such, many of these positions may go unfilled upon assumption of office by successor Presidential Administrations, with their offices sometimes merged with or subsumed into other offices, or abolished altogether.

PortfolioOfficeholder (Title)WebsiteAppointed
Afghanistan and Pakistan — S/SRAP office disestablished June 2017, its duties assumed by the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs[95] Alice Wells June 26, 2017
Arctic Region — In 2017 it was announced this office's functions would be subsumed into the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs[93] Vacant since January 20, 2017
(Special Representative) [96]
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Matthew Matthews [97]
(Senior Official)		 May 17, 2015
Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia Vacant (Coordinator) [98]
Biological & Toxin Weapons Convention Issues Robert Wood[99] (Special Representative) October 2, 2014
Burma — In 2017 it was announced this office's functions would be subsumed into the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs[93] Vacant since November 19, 2014
(Senior Advisor)
Central African Republic[100] Vacant since 2015
(Special Representative)
Civil Society and Emerging Democracies Vacant since October 31, 2014 (Coordinator)
Climate Change — In 2017 it was announced this office's functions would be subsumed into the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs[93] Vacant since January 20, 2017
(Special Envoy)
Closure of the Guantánamo Detention Facility — In 2017 it was announced this office would be disestablished, and any of its functions deemed still necessary would be assumed by the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs[94] Vacant since January 20, 2017
(Special Envoy)
Commercial and Business Affairs Vacant (Special Representative)
Scott Ticknor, acting
Conference on Disarmament Robert Wood (Special Representative) October 2, 2014
Counterterrorism Nathan A. Sales[101] (Coordinator)[102] August 10, 2017
Cyber Issues — In 2017 it was announced the coordinator position for this office would be discontinued, and its functions subsumed into the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs[94] Vacant since July 2017[103][104] (Coordinator)
Environment and Water Resources — In 2017 it was announced the assistant secretary for oceans and international environmental and scientific affairs would be dual-hatted as the special representative for environment and water resources.[94] Vacant since January 2017
(Special Representative)
Fissile Material Negotiator Michael Guhin (Senior Cutoff Coordinator) [105] August 10, 2009
Global Coalition to Counter ISIL Vacant since December 31, 2018 [106][107]
(Special Presidential Envoy)
Global Criminal Justice Todd Buchwald (Special Coordinator) December 30, 2015
Global Engagement Center Vacant (Coordinator)
Daniel Kimmage, acting
Global Food Security — In 2017 it was reported that this office would be moved to USAID[93] Vacant (Special Representative)
Ted Lyng, acting
Global Health Diplomacy[86] Deborah L. Birx
(Special Representative/Ambassador)		 April 14, 2014
Global Partnerships — In 2019 this office was subsumed into the Office of the Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment.[94] Vacant (Special Representative)
Thomas Debass, acting
Global Youth Issues — In 2017 it was reported this position would be cut and the duties of the office transferred to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs[94] Andy Rabens (Special Advisor) October 19, 2014
Great Lakes Region of Africa J. Peter Pham (Special Envoy) November 2018
Haiti Kenneth Merten (Special Coordinator) August 17, 2015
Holocaust Issues Thomas K. Yazdgerdi (Special Envoy)
Stu Eizenstat (Special Advisor)		 August 22, 2016
December 18, 2013
Hostage Affairs Robert C. O'Brien
(Special Presidential Envoy)		 May 25, 2018
Human Rights of LGBTI Persons Vacant since November 2017[108]
(Special Envoy)
International Communications and Information Policy (Advisory Committee) Vacant (Coordinator/Ambassador)
International Disabilities Rights Vacant (Special Advisor)
International Energy Affairs Vacant (Special Envoy and Coordinator)
Mary Warlick acting
International Information Programs Vacant (Coordinator)
Jonathan Henick, acting
International Information Technology Diplomacy Vacant (Senior Coordinator)
International Labor Affairs Vacant (Special Representative)
Iran Nuclear Implementation Vacant(Coordinator)
Israel and the Palestinian Authority Frederick Rudesheim
(Security Coordinator)		 January 2015
Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations Frank Lowenstein (Special Envoy) July 1, 2014
Knowledge Management Vacant (Senior Coordinator)
Libya Vacant since January 20, 2017
(Special Envoy)
Middle East Transitions Vacant (Special Coordinator)
Minsk Vacant (Senior Representative)
Monitor and Combat Anti-semitism Vacant (Special Envoy)
Muslim Communities Vacant (Special Representative)
Nonproliferation and Arms Control Vacant since June 10, 2010
(Special Advisor)
North Korea Policy Joseph Yun (Special Representative) October 17, 2016
North Korean Human Rights Issues Vacant (Special Envoy)
Northern Ireland Issues Vacant (Presidential Representative)
Nuclear Nonproliferation Vacant (Special Representative of the President/Ambassador)
Organization of Islamic Cooperation Vacant since February 13, 2015
(Special Envoy)
Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review Vacant since July 6, 2015
(Special Representative)
Religion and Global Affairs [109][110][111] Vacant (Special Representative)
Religious Minorities in the Near East and South/Central Asia Knox Thames[112] (Special Envoy) September 28, 2015
Sanctions Policy Vacant (Coordinator)
Science and Technology Vacant (Advisor)
Secretary Initiatives Vacant (Special Advisor)
Senior Advisor to the Secretary Vacant (Senior Advisor)
Six-Party Talks (2003-2009) on North Korea's development of weapons of mass destruction[113] Vacant since September 2015
(Special Envoy)
Somalia Vacant since 2015 [114]
(Special Representative)
Sudan and South Sudan Vacant since January 2017 [115][116]
(Special Envoy)
Syria Vacant since April 2018[117]
(Special Envoy)
Threat Reduction Programs Vacant since 2017 (Coordinator/Ambassador)
Tibetan Issues[118] Vacant (Special Coordinator)
Transparency (Coordinator)[119][120] - office may have been disestablished; no public record of activity after 2016 located/identified Vacant (Coordinator) Archived[119]
Ukraine Negotiations Vacant (Special Representative)
Western Balkans Matthew Palmer (Special Representative) August 30, 2019

Nations without exchange of ambassadors
  • Bhutan: According to the U.S. State Department, "The United States and the Kingdom of Bhutan have not established formal diplomatic relations; however, the two governments have informal and cordial relations".[121] Informal contact with the nation of Bhutan is maintained through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.[121]
  • Iran: On April 7, 1980, the United States broke diplomatic relations with Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution.[122] On April 24, 1981, the Swiss government assumed representation of U.S. interests in Tehran, and Algeria assumed representation of Iranian interests in the United States.[123] Currently, Iranian interests in the United States are represented by the government of Pakistan. The U.S. Department of State named Iran a "State Sponsor of Terrorism" on January 19, 1984.[124]
  • North Korea: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is not on friendly terms with the United States, and while talks between the two countries are ongoing, there is no exchange of ambassadors. Sweden functions as Protective Power for the United States in Pyongyang and performs limited consular responsibilities for U.S. citizens in North Korea.[125]
  • Taiwan: With the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China in 1979, the United States has not maintained official diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Relations between Taiwan and the United States are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office, with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington, D.C., and twelve other U.S. cities. The Taipei Office of the American Institute in Taiwan, a non-profit, public corporation, functions as a de facto embassy, performing most consular functions and staffed by Foreign Service Officers who are formally "on leave."[126]

Selected past ambassadors

Many well-known individuals have served the United States as ambassadors, or in formerly analogous positions such as envoy, including several who also became President of the United States (indicated in boldface below). Some notable ambassadors have included:

Ambassadors killed in office

Eight United States Ambassadors have been killed in office – six of them by armed attack and the other two in plane crashes.[127]

Name Ambassador to Place Country Date of death Killed by
Laurence Steinhardt Canada Ramsayville, Ontario  Canada March 28, 1950 plane crash
John Mein Guatemala Guatemala City  Guatemala August 28, 1968 attack by Rebel Armed Forces
Cleo Noel Sudan Khartoum  Sudan March 2, 1973 attack by Black September Palestinian Terrorists
Rodger Davies Cyprus Nicosia  Cyprus August 19, 1974 attack during Greek Cypriot demonstration
Francis Meloy Lebanon Beirut  Lebanon June 16, 1976 attack by Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Adolph Dubs Afghanistan Kabul  Afghanistan February 14, 1979 attack by Settam-e-Melli
Arnold Raphel Pakistan Bahawalpur  Pakistan August 17, 1988 plane crash
Chris Stevens Libya Benghazi  Libya September 11, 2012 attack by Ansar al-Sharia on a U.S. diplomatic mission

Ambassadors to past countries

See also

Notes and references
  1. U.S. Senate – Powers & Procedure Archived October 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Senate.gov; retrieved May 25, 2012.
  2. Henry B. Hogue. "Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
  3. "U.S. Ambassadors: Current List of Ambassadorial Appointments Overseas (listings arranged by date)". state.gov. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  4. "Ambassadorial Assignments Overseas" (PDF). U.S. Department of State. December 4, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 7, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  5. "Chiefs of Mission Listed by Country". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  6. "Ambassadors at Large". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  7. "Chiefs of Mission to International Organizations". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  8. Harris, Gardiner (June 6, 2018). "A Growing List of U.S. Diplomats Acting Undiplomatically". nytimes.com. New York Times. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  9. The U.S. Ambassador to Spain, resident at Madrid, is also accredited to Andorra.
  10. The United States Ambassador to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, resident in Bridgetown, Barbados, is concurrently accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
  11. Leandro Rizzuto nominated & name resubmitted to Senate Jan. 16, 2019. "PN136 — Leandro Rizzuto — Department of State". www.congress.gov. January 16, 2019. Archived from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  12. "Charge d'Affaires Stephanie Bowers". bs.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  13. "U.S. Relations With Belarus". state.gov. April 12, 2018. Archived from the original on June 4, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  14. "Chargé d'affaires Jenifer H. Moore". Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 25, 2017.
  15. "Chargé d'Affaires Keith R. Gilges". July 28, 2018. Archived from the original on October 7, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  16. President Morales ordered the expulsion of U.S. Ambassador Philip Goldberg as well as all U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration personnel in September 2008. The U.S. Government ordered the reciprocal expulsion of the Bolivian Ambassador in Washington, Gustavo Guzman. Source: U.S. Department of State Background Notes on Bolivia Archived June 4, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
  17. "Chargé d'Affaires Bruce Williamson". bo.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  18. In 1989 the military government of Burma changed the name of the nation to Myanmar, but the United States government—and other Western governments—still refer to the country as Burma in official usage. See Myanmar.
  19. Embassy suspended operations on December 28, 2012. French embassy acted as protecting power from April 25, 2013. Relations resumed from September 15, 2014
  20. "Department of State – Central African Republic: Resumption of Operations at Embassy Bangui". Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
  21. "7 FAM 1022 – Bilateral Protecting Power Arrangements". Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  22. "Ambassador Geeta Pasi Named to Senior Position at the Department of State in Washington, D.C." td.usembassy.gov. August 31, 2018. Archived from the original on September 29, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  23. "Chargé d'Affaires, a.i. Jessica Davis Ba". td.usembassy.gov. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  24. "Chargé d'Affaires a.i. Baxter Hunt". cl.usembassy.gov. December 19, 2017. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  25. One ambassador, resident at Antananarivo, is accredited to Madagascar and Comoros.
  26. "Chargé d'Affaires". cu.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  28. "Charge d'Affaires Natalie E. Brown". er.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  29. Melville, James D. (Jr.) (October 3, 2018). "I stepped down as U.S. ambassador to Estonia. Here's why". washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  30. "Chargé d'Affaires Elizabeth Horst". ee.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  31. On April 19, 2018, King Mswati III of Swaziland announced a change of the English language form of his country’s name from Swaziland to Eswatini. "Appendix A: Notes on Nationality (from Report of the Visa Office 2018)" (PDF). travel.state.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  32. One ambassador, resident at Suva, is accredited to Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu. Source U.S. Embassy Suva Archived February 14, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  33. As of December 2006, the U.S. ambassador to France is also accredited to Monaco.
  34. One ambassador, resident at Libreville, is accredited to Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe. Source: U.S. State Department Archived June 4, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
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  36. "Chargée d'Affaires Robin S. Quinville". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Germany. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  37. One ambassador, resident at Dakar, is accredited to Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.
  38. "Chargé d'Affaires a.i. Heide B. Fulton". hn.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  39. Edward F. Crawford nominated & name resubmitted to Senate Jan. 16, 2019. "PN118 — Edward F. Crawford — Department of State". www.congress.gov. Archived from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  40. The U.S. Ambassador to Rome is also accredited to San Marino. The U.S. Consulate in Florence handles matters concerned with San Marino.
  41. "Chargé d'Affaires ad interim". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Japan. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  42. "Chargé d'Affaires Karen Sasahara". jo.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  43. One ambassador, resident at Bern, is accredited to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
  44. One ambassador, resident at Colombo, is accredited to Maldives and Sri Lanka.
  45. Christine J. Toretti nominated & name resubmitted to Senate Jan. 16, 2019. "PN145 — Christine J. Toretti — Department of State". www.congress.gov. January 16, 2019. Archived from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  46. "Chargé d'Affaires Mark A. Schapiro". mt.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  47. One ambassador, resident at Port Louis, is accredited to Mauritius and Seychelles.
  48. Until December 2006, the United States and Monaco had no formal diplomatic relations (exchange of ambassadors). The U.S. Consul General in Marseille, France, under the authority of the U.S. Ambassador to France, managed relations with Monaco. In December 2006, the United States and Monaco upgraded from consular to full diplomatic relations and Ambassador Craig Stapleton (France) was accredited to Monaco. Source: Department of State: Background notes on Monaco Archived June 4, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Embassy in France: U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Monaco Archived July 7, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  49. One ambassador, resident at Wellington, is accredited to New Zealand and Samoa.
  50. American citizens who travel to North Korea do so at their own risk and in some cases in violation of U.S. and/or UN sanctions.
  51. "Chargé d'Affaires a.i. Paul W. Jones". pk.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 16, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  52. Until 2005 one ambassador, resident at Manila, was accredited to the Philippines and Palau. Source: CIA World Factbook Archived July 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Helen Reed-Rowe is the first ambassador to Palau to be confirmed in 2010.
  53. "Chargé d'Affaires a.i. Roxanne Cabral". pa.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  54. One ambassador, resident at Port Moresby, is accredited to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
  55. "Chargé d'Affaires, a.i. William Grant". November 30, 2017. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  56. Adrian Zuckerman nominated & name resubmitted to Senate Jan. 16, 2019. "PN148 — Adrian Zuckerman — Department of State". www.congress.gov. Archived from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  57. "U.S. Ambassador to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia John P. Abizaid". sa.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  58. "Chargé d'Affaires, ad interim". sg.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  59. "U.S. Embassy Singapore Announces the Arrival of Chargé d'Affaires, a.i. Rafik Mansour". U.S. Embassy in Singapore. August 1, 2019. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  60. Managed through the U.S. Embassy in Kenya. The United States has no diplomatic relations with Somalia. The last ambassador to Somalia was James Bishop when the embassy in Mogadishu was closed on January 5, 1991. Source: U.S State Department Archived November 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
  61. "Virtual Presence Post Somalia". Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  62. Lana J. Marks confirmed by the Senate Sept. 26, 2019"PN131 — Lana J. Marks — Department of State". www.congress.gov. Archived from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  63. The U.S. Embassy in Khartoum was closed on February 7, 1996. Timothy Michael Carney was the last ambassador to Sudan. The embassy was reopened on May 23, 2002, with Jeffrey Millington as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim. There has been no U.S. ambassador in Khartoum since then. Source U.S. Department of State Archived November 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
  64. "Chargé d'Affaires Steven Koutsis". sd.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  65. "PN127 — Kenneth A. Howery — Department of State". Congress.gov. September 17, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  66. After formal relations were reestablished in 2010 after five years, the embassy was again suspended on February 6, 2014. Poland became the protecting power until its embassy closed on July 27, at which point the Czech Republic took responsibility.
  67. The ambassador to the U.K. is known as the "Ambassador to the Court of St. James's."
  68. President Chavez ordered the expulsion of the U.S. Ambassador, John Duddy, on September 11, 2008, in solidarity with the Bolivian government's decision to expel the U.S. Ambassador in La Paz. The U.S. Government ordered the reciprocal expulsion of the Venezuelan Ambassador in Washington. Source: U.S. Department of State Background Notes on Venezuela Archived June 4, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
  69. "Chargé d'Affaires James "Jimmy" Story". ve.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 7, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  70. The US neither recognizes Moroccan claims to sovereignty over Western Sahara. Sources: Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Morocco.
  71. "Chargé d'affaires Jane Bocklage". asean.usmission.gov. Archived from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  72. Pamela Bates nominated & name resubmitted to Senate Jan. 16, 2019. "PN106 — Pamela Bates — Department of State". www.congress.gov. Archived from the original on January 20, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  73. "Chargé d'Affaires, a.i. Andrew Haviland". usoecd.usmission.gov. Archived from the original on September 14, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  74. The U.S. Permanent Representative to the OPCW is based at the U.S. Embassy in The Hague "Our Relationship". nl.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  75. "Ambassador Kenneth D. Ward (OPCW)". nl.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  76. James S. Gilmore nominated & name resubmitted to Senate Jan. 16, 2019. "PN124 — James S. Gilmore — Department of State". www.congress.gov. Archived from the original on January 20, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  77. "Chargé d'Affaires, a.i., Harry Kamian". Archived from the original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  78. "Ambassador Jonathan R. Cohen". Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
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  87. While solely accredited to Curaçao, the Consul General is responsible for all the countries and special municipalities of the former Netherlands Antilles, including Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.
  88. The United States Consul General to Hong Kong, resident in Hong Kong, is concurrently accredited to Macau.
  89. The Consul General to Jerusalem is also responsible for residents in the Palestinian territories.
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