Terry Branstad

Terry Edward Branstad (born November 17, 1946) is an American politician, university administrator, and diplomat serving as the United States Ambassador to China since 2017. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as governor of Iowa. Branstad also served three terms in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1973 to 1979.

"Branstad" redirects here. For other uses, see Branstad (disambiguation).
Terry Branstad
12th United States Ambassador to China
Assumed office
July 12, 2017
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byMax Baucus
39th and 42nd Governor of Iowa
In office
January 14, 2011 – May 24, 2017
LieutenantKim Reynolds
Preceded byChet Culver
Succeeded byKim Reynolds
In office
January 14, 1983 – January 15, 1999
LieutenantRobert Anderson
Jo Ann Zimmerman
Joy Corning
Preceded byRobert Ray
Succeeded byTom Vilsack
President of Des Moines University
In office
August 9, 2003 – October 16, 2009
Preceded byRichard M. Ryan Jr.
Succeeded bySteve Dengle[1]
Chair of the National Governors Association
In office
August 1, 1989 – July 31, 1990
Preceded byGerald Baliles
Succeeded byBooth Gardner
40th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa
In office
January 12, 1979 – January 14, 1983
GovernorRobert Ray
Preceded byArthur A. Neu
Succeeded byRobert Anderson
Member of the Iowa House of Representatives
from the 8th district
In office
January 8, 1973 – January 7, 1979
Preceded byDel Stromer
Succeeded byClifford Branstad
Personal details
Born
Terry Edward Branstad

(1946-11-17) November 17, 1946
Leland, Iowa, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)
Children3
ResidenceBeijing, China
EducationUniversity of Iowa (BA)
Drake University (JD)
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Army
Years of service1969–1971
Unit503rd Military Police Battalion
AwardsArmy Commendation Medal

Branstad served as the 39th governor of Iowa from 1983 to 1999. After retiring from politics, he served as President of Des Moines University from 2003 to 2009. In 2010 he ran for governor again and defeated incumbent Chet Culver to become the state's 42nd governor.[2][3] He was reelected to a sixth term in 2014. In December 2015 he surpassed New York's George Clinton as the longest-tenured governor in American history.[4]

In December 2016 Branstad accepted President Donald Trump's nomination as United States Ambassador to China. He was confirmed and sworn in in May 2017. Upon resigning as governor, Branstad was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Kim Reynolds, who became Iowa's first female governor and went on to win election to the office in 2018.[5]

Early life

Branstad was born in Leland, Iowa. His father was Edward Arnold Branstad, a farmer; his mother was Rita (née Garland).[6][7] Branstad's mother was Jewish, and his father a Norwegian American Lutheran.[8] Branstad was raised Lutheran and later converted to Catholicism.[9] He is a second cousin of DC Circuit Chief Judge and US Supreme Court Nominee Merrick Garland.[10][lower-alpha 1]

Education

Branstad received a Bachelor of Arts in political science from the University of Iowa in 1969 and a Juris Doctor from Drake University Law School in 1974.[14][15] He was drafted after college and served in the United States Army from 1969 to 1971 as a military policeman in the 503rd Military Police Battalion at Fort Bragg.[16] He was awarded the Army Commendation Medal for meritorious service; he once recalled that he arrested actress Jane Fonda for coming onto post at Arlington National Cemetery, where she was planning to attend an antiwar protest.[17][18][19][20]

Early political career

Branstad served three terms in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1973 to 1979 and was the lieutenant governor of Iowa from 1979 to 1983, the year he was first elected governor.[15]

Governor of Iowa

First tenure (1983–1999)
Branstad attending the recommissioning ceremony for the USS Iowa, April 28, 1984

When elected governor at age 36, Branstad became the youngest chief executive in Iowa's history.[21] Reelected in 1986, 1990, and 1994, he left office as Iowa's longest-serving governor. He served as Chairman of the National Governors Association in 1989–90, and also was Chair of the Midwestern Governors Association. In 1997 he chaired the Education Commission of the States, the Republican Governors Association, and the Governors' Ethanol Coalition.

In 1983 Branstad vetoed a bill to establish a state lottery.[22]

Iowa's unemployment rate went from 8.5% when Branstad took office to a record low 2.5% by the time he left office in 1999.[23][24] In his first year as governor, the state budget had a $90 million deficit.[25] It took several years until the budget was balanced. Branstad said he did not have enough support in the legislature to approve budget reforms until 1992. By 1999 Iowa had an unprecedented $900 million budget surplus.[26][27]

Inter-gubernatorial career
Branstad (left) with Fred Thompson and Robert D. Ray in 2007

Branstad focused most of his efforts outside of politics after leaving office in early 1999. He founded Branstad and Associates, LLC[28] and was also a partner in the firm of Kaufman, Pattee, Branstad & Miller[29] and a financial advisor for Robert W. Baird and Co.[30]

In August 2003 Branstad accepted an offer from Des Moines University to become its president.[19] On October 16, 2009, he announced his retirement from Des Moines University in order to run again for governor.[31]

President George W. Bush appointed Branstad to chair the President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education.[32] The commission was charged with developing a plan to improve the educational performance of students with disabilities. After completing his work with the commission in 2003, Branstad was asked to serve as a member of the National Advisory Council for Positive Action for Teen Health, or PATH. The advisory council encourages action to detect adolescent mental illness. In April 2003 Branstad was named a public member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, which comprises both professional and public members who address a variety of issues related to accounting.[33]

Branstad serves on the boards of Conmed Health Management Inc,[34] American Future Fund,[35] the Iowa Health System, Liberty Bank, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants,[36] and Living History Farms.[37]

Second tenure (2011–2017)

2010 gubernatorial election
See also: 2010 Iowa gubernatorial election
Branstad in 2011

On August 2, 2009, The Des Moines Register reported that Branstad was actively considering seeking the Republican nomination for governor. On October 7, Branstad filed papers to run for governor in the 2010 election.[38] According to a September Des Moines Register poll, he maintained a 70% favorability rating from Iowans as compared to Governor Chet Culver's rating of 50%.[39]

On June 8, 2010, Branstad won the Republican gubernatorial nomination,[40] but when opposing candidate Bob Vander Plaats conceded, he did not endorse Branstad.[41]

The Des Moines Tea Party gave Branstad a "no" on their report card regarding "criteria for acceptance" and said Branstad had "a history of raising taxes, [was] not a true conservative, increased the size of government every year he held office, [and] built a state-owned phone company."[42][43][44][45] Former Iowa State Auditor Richard Johnson accused Branstad of keeping "two sets of books" on the state budget while governor. Johnson said Branstad needed to be "transparent" to Iowa voters about the reporting of Iowa's finances during his tenure as governor.[46]

2014 gubernatorial election
See also: 2014 Iowa gubernatorial election
Branstad speaking at the 2016 Roast and Ride, hosted by U.S. Senator Joni Ernst

Branstad ran for reelection in 2014. He was opposed in the Republican primary by Tom Hoefling, a political activist and nominee for president in 2012 for both America's Party and American Independent Party.[47] Branstad won the primary with 83% of the vote.

In the general election, Branstad faced Democratic nominee State Senator Jack Hatch and won with 59% of the vote.

Taxes

In June 2013, Branstad signed into law a sweeping tax reform bill that had widespread bipartisan support, passing the Iowa Senate by 44 votes to 6 and the Iowa House by 84 votes to 13.[48] The bill, Senate File 295,[48] provided for the state's largest tax cut in history, including an estimated $4.4 billion in property tax reform[49] and an estimated $90 million of annual income tax relief, in part in the form of an increase in the earned income tax credit.[50] The bill also included significant reforms to education and health care.[50]

Job creation ranking

A June 2013 Business Journals analysis of 45 of the country's 50 governors ranked Branstad 28th in job creation.[51] The ranking was based on a comparison of the annual private sector growth rate in all 50 states using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.[52]

Gun rights

On April 13, 2017, with large Republican majorities in the Iowa legislature,[53][54] Branstad signed a bill into law expanding gun rights, enacting a stand-your-ground law, expanding the right of citizens to sue if they believe their Second Amendment rights are being infringed, and expanding the gun rights of minors, among several other provisions.[55]

Discrimination lawsuit

On July 15, 2019, a jury in Polk County, Iowa awarded a gay former state official $1.5 million in damages, finding that Branstad had discriminated against him based on sexual orientation in 2012.[56]

U.S. Ambassador to China
Branstad meeting with U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue, May 30, 2017
Terry Branstad with Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau, 2017

In December 2016 President-elect Donald Trump chose Branstad to serve as US Ambassador to China, succeeding Max Baucus.[57] Branstad accepted the offer within one day after meeting with Trump in New York.[58] Trump cited Branstad's decades of experience with China while governor of Iowa.[58] Xi Jinping, China's paramount leader, considers Branstad an "old friend".[59] Branstad's relationship with Xi dates to 1985, when Xi, then a young official from Hebei Province, headed a five-man agricultural delegation to Iowa.[60] Branstad's hearing before the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee was held on May 2, 2017.[61]

Branstad was confirmed by the Senate on May 22, 2017, in an 82 to 13 vote.[62] He resigned as governor on May 24, 2017, in a ceremony at the Iowa State House, and was immediately sworn in as U.S. Ambassador to China. His appointment marked the third time in a decade that a politician resigned a statewide office to become the Ambassador to China; Jon Huntsman Jr. resigned as governor of Utah in 2009, and Max Baucus resigned as U.S. Senator from Montana in 2014.

In May 2019 Branstad traveled to Tibet Autonomous Region amid heightening trade tensions between the United States and China. This diplomatic journey was designed to give the United States a better perception of Tibet and its people, cultural practices and life. This move was also strongly supported by both Tibetan independence and autonomy advocates, as part of the global Free Tibet movement.

Personal life

Branstad married Christine Johnson on June 17, 1972. They have three children and eight grandchildren. Christine has worked as a medical assistant and as a volunteer at schools and hospitals.[63]

Branstad is a member of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. He received the honor of "Knight Commander of the Court of Honor" in 2015.[64]

In 2015 longtime newspaperman and Iowa historian Mike Chapman published a biography of Branstad, Iowa's Record-Setting Governor: The Terry Branstad Story. The book details Branstad's youth on the family farm, his high school days in Forest City, and his rise in politics.[65]

Electoral history
  • 1972 election for Iowa House of Representatives District 8:
    • Terry Branstad (R), 59.0%
    • Elmer Selbrand (D), 41.0%
  • 1974 election for Iowa House of Representatives District 8:
    • Terry Branstad (R), 68.7%
    • Jean Haugland (D), 31.3%
  • 1976 election for Iowa House of Representatives District 8:
    • Terry Branstad (R), 70.4%
    • Franklin Banwart (D), 29.6%
  • 1978 Republican primary election for Lieutenant Governor of Iowa:
    • Terry Branstad, 42.1%
    • Hansen, 32.7%
    • Oakley, 25.2%
  • 1978 election for Lieutenant Governor of Iowa:
    • Terry Branstad (R), 57.7%
    • William Palmer (D), 42.3%
  • 1982 election for Governor of Iowa:
1982 General Election:[66]
  • Terry Branstad (R), 52.8%
  • Roxanne Conlin (D), 46.6%
  • Marcia Farrington (L), 0.3%
  • Jim Bittner (S), 0.3%
  • 1986 election for Governor of Iowa:
1986 General Election:[67]
  • Terry Branstad (R), 51.9%
  • Lowell Junkins (D), 48.0%
  • 1990 election for Governor of Iowa:
1990 General Election:[68]
  • Terry Branstad (R), 60.6%
  • Donald Avenson (D), 38.8%
  • Bailey/Nelson (SW), 0.4%
  • 1994 election for Governor of Iowa:
Republican Primary[69]
1994 General Election:[70]
  • Terry Branstad (R), 56.8%
  • Bonnie Campbell (D), 41.6%
  • Hughes/Davis (Petition), 0.6%
  • Butler/Stone (NL), 0.4%
  • Olsen/Carey (L), 0.3%
  • Galati/Pena (SW), 0.1%
  • 2010 election for Governor of Iowa:
Republican Primary[71]
2010 General Election:[3]
  • Terry Branstad (R), 52.9%
  • Chet Culver (D), 43.1%
  • Jonathan Narcisse (I), 1.3%
  • Eric Cooper (L), 1.3%
  • James Hughes (I), 0.3%
  • David Rosenfeld (SW), 0.2%
  • Write-Ins, 0.2%
  • 2014 election for Governor of Iowa:
Republican Primary:[72]
    • Terry Branstad (R), 129,752 votes, 79.8%
    • Tom Hoefling (R), 16.2%
    • Write-Ins, 0.2%
2014 General Election:[73]
  • Terry Branstad (R), 59.1%
  • Jack Hatch (D), 37.3%
  • Lee Deakins Hieb (L), 1.8%
  • Jim Hennager (I), 0.9%
  • Jonathan Narcisse (I), 0.9%
  • Write-ins, 0.1%

Notes
  1. Branstad's maternal grandfather, Louis Edward Garland, is an Anglicized spelling of Louis Edward's grandfather Leib Yitzhak Garfinkel who lived in the Pale of Settlement in Russian Empire in the late 19th century.[11][12] Leib Yitzak's father was Zelig, grandfather was Nakhman, and great-grandfather was Leib, born in 1735.[11] Leib Yitzak's son was Nakhman Garfinkel.[11] His sons Max Hyman (later "Harry") Garland and Louis Edward Garland immigrated to the United States from their native town of Vagova, Lithuania, arriving December 7, 1907, aboard the Celtic in New York City after sailing from Liverpool.[11][13] These brothers listed their race as "Hebrew".[11][13] Later, the Garlands settled in Council Bluffs.[11][13] Max is Merrick Garland's grandfather.[11][12]

References
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  34. About Team.
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Political offices
Preceded by
Arthur A. Neu		 Lieutenant Governor of Iowa
1979–1983		 Succeeded by
Robert Anderson
Preceded by
Robert D. Ray		 Governor of Iowa
1983–1999		 Succeeded by
Tom Vilsack
Preceded by
Gerald Baliles		 Chair of the
National Governors Association
1989–1990		 Succeeded by
Booth Gardner
Preceded by
Chet Culver		 Governor of Iowa
2011–2017		 Succeeded by
Kim Reynolds
Academic offices
Preceded by
Richard M. Ryan Jr.		 President of Des Moines University
2003–2009		 Succeeded by
Steve Dengle
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
Max Baucus		 United States Ambassador to China
2017–present		 Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Robert Ray		 Republican nominee for Governor of Iowa
1982, 1986, 1990, 1994		 Succeeded by
Jim Lightfoot
Preceded by
John Engler		 Chair of the
Republican Governors Association
1996–1997		 Succeeded by
David Beasley
Preceded by
Jim Nussle		 Republican nominee for Governor of Iowa
2010, 2014		 Succeeded by
Kim Reynolds
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