List of last surviving veterans of military insurgencies and wars
This a chronological list of the last surviving veterans of military insurgencies, conflicts and wars around the world. The listed wars span from the 13th century BC to the beginning of World War II. Most last survivors of particular campaigns or wars were junior officers or soldiers/naval ratings of non-commissioned rank in the early years of their service careers at the time.
Classical antiquity
- Ramesses II (1303–1213 BC) – Egyptian Pharaoh who, as a young man, fought many battles with the Hittites and Shardana pirates and died aged 90.
- Aristodemus of Sparta (c. 530–479 BC) – The "Coward of Thermopylae", who was the only Spartan to survive the Battle of Thermopylae.[1]
- Marcus Valerius Corvus (370 BC?–270 BC) – Led the Roman army in the First Samnite War and reputedly lived to the age of 100.[2]
- King Masinissa (c. 238 BC–c. 148 BC) – Led the Numidians during the Second Punic War and died at the age of 90.
Middle Ages
- Abu Tufail ‘Amr ibn Wathila al-Leethi, last surviving of the companions of Muhammad who fought in the Battle of Badr in 624, the first battle in the history of Islam, he died around 718 in Mecca, being well over 100 years old.
- Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester (1040–1118) – Last of the Norman noblemen proven to have fought alongside William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings.[3]
- Enrico Dandolo, 41st Doge of Venice (c. 1107 – May 1205) is remembered for his role in the Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople in which he, at age ninety and blind, led the Venetian contingent.
Early modern period
These cases, particularly with respect to the ages claimed by the veterans, cannot be verified as it was common in pre-industrialised societies for elders to exaggerate their age.
- Anton Grolekofsky (1671/1672?–1785) – Polish soldier who lived in Sweden. Claimed to have fought in the Nine Years' War, Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) and Polish-Swedish War.[4][5]
- Andreas Nielsen (1660?–1782) – Norwegian soldier. Claimed to be the last Scanian War veteran, to have had a long military career and seen many battles.[4][6]
- Christian Jacobsen Drakenberg (1626?–1772) – Norwegian sailor. Claimed to have fought for Frederick III of Denmark in the Dano-Swedish War (1657–58) and again from 1675 to 1681 in the Scanian War.[7]
17th century
Indian Wars (1622–1924)
- David McCoy (1790–1895) – Fought in Tecumseh's War. Saw Chief Tecumseh die while fighting in the Battle of the Thames. Served in the War of 1812[8]
- Josiah Allen (1800–1891) – Enlisted at 14 to serve in the Creek War. Later served in the War of 1812.[9]
- William James Howard (1826–1924) – fought in the Mariposa War in Yosemite Valley.[10]
- Dewey Beard (1857–1955) – Native American from Lakota tribe. Last survivor of Battle of the Little Big Horn.[11] Also fought at Wounded Knee.[12]
- Otto D. Van Norman (1876–1981) – Served in the local posse during the Battle of Kelley Creek[13]
- Hubert V. Eva (1869–1971) – Last participant of the Battle of Sugar Point, last battle fought between Native Americans and the U.S. Army[14]
- John Daw (1870–1965) – Last surviving U.S. Indian Scout [15][16]
- Frederick Fraske (1872–1973) – Last U.S Army veteran[17]
English Civil War (1642–51)
- William Hiseland (1620?–1732) – Wiltshire native. Fought for royalists in this war, Williamite War in Ireland and War of the Spanish Succession.[18] Last survivor of Battle of Edgehill. Retired with rank of sergeant.[19] For 80-year service to the king, he became one of the earliest admitted to Royal Hospital Chelsea.[20]
First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–54)
- Richard Haddock (1629–1714) – Royal Navy.[21]
18th century
Great Northern War (1700–21)
- Petro Kalnyshevsky (1691?–1803) – Zaporozhian Cossacks. Last of the Zaporozhian Host. Also fought in 1735–39 and 1768–74 Russo-Turkish Wars (by which time he was an Ataman).
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14)
- Ambrose Bennett (or Tennant) (1693/94-1800) – Great Britain. Served at the Battle of Malplaquet and reputedly died at the age of 106.[22][23]
Jacobite risings (1719–45)
- Peter Grant (1714?–1824) – Jacobite. Fought at Culloden, Falkirk Muir and Prestonpans.[24]
- George Browne (1698–1792) – Jacobite. Supported Old Pretender. Later became mercenary in Russian army.[25]
War of the Polish Succession (1733–38)
- Jean Thurel (1698?–1807) – France. Also served in the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War. Known as "oldest soldier of Europe."[26]
Russo-Turkish wars (1735–74)
- Petro Kalnyshevsky (1691?–1803) – Zaporozhian Cossacks. Also fought in Great Northern War and Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) (by which time he was an Ataman).
War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48)
- Jean Thurel (1698?–1807) – France. Also served in the War of the Polish Succession, the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War. Known as "oldest soldier of Europe."[26]
French and Indian War (1754–63)
- John Owen (1741-1843) – Great Britain. Also fought in American Revolutionary War. Buried in Warren, Pennsylvania.[27]
- James Thompson (1733–1830) – Great Britain. Engineer in Frasers Highlanders. Settled in Quebec City.[28][29]
- Robert Abercromby of Airthrey (1740–1827) – Great Britain. Died in Airthrey Castle, Scotland.[30]
- Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière (1748–1822) – France. Died in Montreal, Quebec, British Empire.[31]
Seven Years' War (1754–63)
- Johann Heinrich Behrens (1735?–1844) – Germany. Died in Wolfenbüttel.[32]
- Ezekiel Blackmarr (1742–1841) – Great Britain. Born in the American colonies. Enlisted in British forces and was their last survivor of the Battle of Havana (1762).[33]
- Paul François de Quelen de la Vauguyon (1746–1828) – France. Died in Paris.[34]
- Henry Luttrell, 2nd Earl of Carhampton (1743–1821) – Great Britain. Died in London.[35]
American Revolutionary War (1775–83)
- Daniel Bakeman (1759–1869) – United States. Alleged veteran. Awarded pension via Congress, though no support of service has been located.[36]
- John Gray (1764–1868) – United States. Last verifiable veteran although period of service was too short for him for pension qualification.[37]
- Samuel Downing (1764–1867) – United States.[38]
- Lemuel Cook (1759–1866) – United States. Last official veteran; honorable discharge signed by George Washington.[39]
- Barnabas Cochran (1758–1864) – United States. Longest lived verified veteran.[40]
French Revolution (1789–99)
- Giovanni Battista Campanella (1776?–1884) – France. Served in Italy during the French Revolutionary Wars and later in the 1812 Russian campaign.[41][42]
- Yves Couédic (1774?–1883) – France. Fought in the Vendée in 1793.[43][44]
- Pierre Petit (1779–1882) – France. Served in the French invasion of Egypt.[45]
- Arthur Dardenne (1776–1872) – France. Last surviving person to have taken part in the Storming of the Bastille.[46]
- Nicolas Savin (1768?–1894) – France. Enlisted in 2nd Regiment of Hussars in 1798. 1768 figure proclaims he was approximately 126 at time of death. Later served under Napoleon and was awarded the Legion d'Honneur.[47]
Irish Rebellion of 1798
- William Kinsella (1775–1870) – Irish rebel. Fought at Castlecomer.[48]
- Christopher Echlin (1783 - 1865) – Irish rebel. Drummer Boy, served with father and brother in the Wexford Militia.
19th century
Napoleonic Wars (1803–15)
- Vincent Markiewicz (1795?–1903) – Last Polish veteran. Fought for Napoleon.[49][50] In 1912 there were three Polish men who claimed to have fought at Borodino, but it is unlikely they were real veterans due to lack of documentation and age ranges relatively high from 120 to 133.
- Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (1788–1899) – Last Dutch veteran and Europe's oldest man at the time of his death. He fought for France in the 33ème Régiment Léger.[47]
- Louis Victor Baillot (1793–1898) – French veteran. Last Battle of Waterloo veteran. Saw action at siege of Hamburg.[51][52]
- Pedro Martínez (1789?–1898) – Last Battle of Trafalgar veteran. Served in Spanish navy on San Juan Nepomuceno.[47]
- Leonard Meesters (1796–1896) – Last Belgian veteran. Fought for Napoleon.[47]
- Josephine Mazurkewicz (1794–1896) – Last female veteran. Assistant surgeon in Napoleon's army. Later partook in Crimean War.[47]
- Sir Provo Wallis (1791–1892) – Canadian born, served at sea in Napoleonic Wars and War of 1812.[53]
- Morris Shea (1795–1892) – 73rd Foot – Last Scottish veteran.[54]
- Vasilij Nikolaevich Kochetkov (1785?–1892) Russian Imperial Army. Enlisted 7 March 1811. Served in Grenadier Lifeguard Regiment at Borodino. Served 66 1/2 years until 12 October 1877 when wounded out of service in the Russian-Ottoman War.[55][56][57]
- Joseph Sutherland (1789–1890) – Last English veteran. Royal Navy. Last British survivor of Trafalgar.[58]
War of 1812 (1812–15)
- Hiram Cronk (1800–1905) – United States Army.[59]
- Sir Provo Wallis (1791–1892) – Royal Navy. Napoleonic veteran.[53]
Seminole Wars (1816–58)
- Jacob C. Marsh (c. 1818–1917) – U.S Volunteers. Last participant of the Second Seminole War[60]
Greek War of Independence (1821–32)
- John W Stainer (1808–1907) – Royal Navy. Last survivor of the Battle of Navarino.[61]
July Revolution (1830)
Belgian Revolution (1830–31)
Black Hawk War (1832)
- Henry L. Riggs (1812–1911)[70]
Texas War of Independence (1835–36)
- Alfonso Steele (1817–1911) – Last veteran of Battle of San Jacinto.[71]
- James L. Allen (1815–1901) – Texan courier at Alamo.[72]
Rebellions of 1837
- Nelson Truax (1818–1915) – Hunters' Lodges. Last survivor of the Battle of the Windmill[73]
- François X. Matthieu (1818–1914) – Parti Patriote.[74]
- Douglas Labalmondière (1815–1893) – Upper Canada Rebels.[75]
Mexican–American War (1846–1848)
- Owen Thomas Edgar (1831–1929) – United States Navy.[76]
- Antonio Rincón Gallardo (c. 1833–1928) – Mexican Army.[77] Enlisted at 13 years old and served at Churubusco in 1847.
Hungarian Revolution of 1848–49 (1848–49)
- József Fischl (1827–1929) — Last Hungarian veteran.[78]
- István Lebo (1826–1928) — Believed the last Hungarian veteran. Last resident of the Hungarian Veterans Home.
- Artúr Görgey (1818–1916) — Last Hungarian General.
Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49)
- John Stratford (1829–1932) – British East India Company. Fought in the battles of Ramnagar, Challianwala, and Gujrat. Later served in the Anglo-Persian War as well as the Indian Mutiny.[79]
First Schleswig War (1848–51)
Crimean War (1853–56)
- Yves Prigent (1833–1937) – French Navy. Served on the frigate Persévérante.[82]
- Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 10th Baronet (1835–1936) – British Army. Possibly last British officer (he died 9 months after Bezar).[83][84]
- Edwin Bezar (1838–1936) – British Army. Hostilities had ceased by the time he arrived; he worked on reinterring the dead and building cemetery walls. Also served in the New Zealand Wars.
- Charles Nathan (1834–1934) – French Army. Last French soldier, saw action in Italy, Syria, Mexico and Franco-Prussian War.
- Luigi Parachini (c. 1832–1930) – Sardinian Army. Served under general La Màrmora.[85]
- Edwin Hughes (1830–1927) – British Army. Last survivor of Charge of the Light Brigade.[86]
- Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton (1845–1940). Claimed to have been a naval cadet on HMS Dragon during the siege of Sevastopol, earning two campaign medals before his twelfth birthday. There is no record of his having enrolled in the Royal Navy and at time of his visits to the Crimea (mid-May to mid-July 1856), nobody was entitled to the award of the British Crimea Medal.[87] Later Colonel in British Army in Second Boer War.
- Timothy (c.1839–2004) – Ship's tortoise mascot of HMS Queen during the first bombardment of Sevastopol in the Crimean War (she was the last survivor of this war).[88]
Indian Mutiny (1857–59)
- Charles Palmer (1847–1940) – Nine-year-old boy who participated in the Siege of Lucknow
- George Chrystie (1841–1939) – Last British Army veteran.[89][90]
Third Italian War of Independence (1866)
- Giovanni Battista Egisto Sivelli (1843–1934) – Italy.[91][92]
New Zealand Wars (1845–72)
- Edwin Bezar (1838–1936), last British soldier. Settled in New Zealand.
Second Italian War of Independence (1859)
American Civil War (1861–65)
Union
- Albert Woolson (1850–1956)[98]
Confederacy
Name | Claimed birth date | Believed birth date | Death date | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pleasant Crump | 23 December 1847 | 31 December 1951 | Verified | |
Felix M. Witkoski | 5 January 1850 | October 1854 | 3 February 1952 | Dubious |
Thomas Edwin Ross | 19 July 1850 | 27 March 1952 | Possible | |
Richard William Cumpston | 23 May 1841 | 5 September 1952 | Unknown | |
William Murphy Loudermilk[99] | 23 October 1847[100] | April 1851[101] | 18 September 1952 | Possible |
William Joshua Uncle Josh Bush[102][103] | 10 July 1845 | July 1846 | 11 November 1952 | Verified[104] |
Arnold Murray[105] | 10 June 1846 | 1842/1855[106] | 26 November 1952 | Possible[107] |
William Daniel Uncle Eli Townsend[102][108] | 12 April 1846 | 22 February 1953 | Verified[109] | |
William Albert Kinney | 10 February 1843/1846[110] | 10 February 1861[111] | 23 June 1953 | Probable[112] |
Thomas Evans Riddle | 16 April 1846[113] | 1862[114] | 2 April 1954 | Possible[115] |
Most cases are questionable, though it should be remembered that many Confederate records were destroyed or lost to history. Unlike the U.S. military archives, the Confederate records had no official archive system after the war. However, for most of the cases investigated, the ages of the claimants alone were enough to prove their claim was false. Walter Williams was generally acknowledged as the "last Confederate veteran" in 1950s newspapers. However, in September 1959 an exposé by The New York Times revealed that he was in fact born in 1854 in Itawamba County, Mississippi, and not 1842 as claimed. Still, since Salling and all the other claimants were dead, Williams was celebrated as the last Confederate veteran after his death on 20 December 1959.[116]
Salling's own status is disputed. In 1991, William Marvel examined the claims of Salling and several other "last Civil War veterans" for a piece in the Civil War history magazine Blue & Gray. Marvel found census data that indicated Salling was born in 1858, not 1846. Although in 1900 Salling supplied a birthdate of March 1858, he appears to have been born around 1856, still too late to have served in the Confederate Army. The 1860 census lists him as 4 years old, and the 1870 census as 14.[117] William Lundy is listed as 1 year old on the 1860 census, and from 1870 until 1930 he gave census marshals ages that reflected birthdates as early as 1853 and as late as 1860. He did not push his birthdate back to the 1840s until he applied for a Confederate pension from the state of Florida. In the same piece, Marvel confirmed Woolson's claim to be the last surviving Union veteran and asserted that Woolson was the last genuine Civil War veteran on either side. However, Marvel did not present research establishing who, among the several other Confederate claims from the 1950s, some of which appear to be genuine, was the real last Confederate veteran.
French invasion of Mexico (1861–67)
- Jules Pujos (1846–1942) – France.[47]
- Francisco Arellano Zenteno (1842–1935) – Mexico. Fought at the battles of Puebla, La Carbonera and Tuxtepec. Had previously served in the Reform War.[118]
January Uprising (1863–65)
- Feliks Bartczuk (1846–1946) – Last veteran.[119]
Second Schleswig War (1864)
- Ove Henning Jacobsen (1841–1941) – Last Danish veteran.[120]
Expedition to Abyssinia (1867–68)
- Adrian Jones (1845–1938) – served as veterinary officer, believed to be last British survivor.[121] Also served in First Boer War and Nile Expedition.
Franco-Prussian War (1870–71)
Paris Commune (1871)
Third Anglo-Ashanti War (1873–74)
- Harry Figg (1855–1953) – possible last British service veteran, died in Australia. Also served in First Boer War and Second Boer War.
Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)
- Konstantin Vikent'evich Hrutskij (1855–1967) – Preobrazhenskij Lifeguard Regiment.[123] Claim is not fully verified, and Hrutskij's own accounts of his experience contradict historical records.[124]
- Nene Hatun (1857–1955) – Turkey. Fought at the Battle of Erzurum.
Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80)
- Alfred Hawker (1858–1962) – last British Army survivor[125]
Zulu War (1879)
- Charles Wallace Warden (died 1953) – Transferred to First Foot in 1874.[126]
- Frank Bourne (1854–1945) – Last survivor of Rorke's Drift.[127]
War of the Pacific (1879–84)
First Boer War (1880–81)
- Jacob "Jaap" Coetzer (1866–1969) – Boer. Served at Battle of Majuba Hill.[130]
- Harry Figg (1855–1953) – possibly last British Army survivor of this war, fought at Majuba Hill and Laing's Nek. (Previously served 1873 Anglo-Ashanti War.)
Anglo-Egyptian War (1882)
- Sir Dudley de Chair (1864–1958) – British Army.[131]
Mahdist War (1882–99)
- James Richard Miles (1879–1977) – Britain. Last survivor of the Battle of Omdurman.[132]
- William Francis Saville (1878–1968) – Lancashire Fusiliers. Fought at Battle of Omdurman, in Boer War and on Western Front 1915-18.
Nile Expedition (1884–85)
- Sir Reginald Wingate (1861–1953) – last British officer survivor (later General in World War I).
Northwest Rebellion (1885)
- William Dickie Mills (1866–1971) — Canada[133][134]
- Honoré Jackson (1861–1952) — Provisional Government of Saskatchewan[135]
Cuban War of Independence (1895–98)
- Juan Fajardo Vega (1881–1990) – Cuban Liberation Army. Later served in the 1912 Negro Rebellion and the Cuban Revolution.[136][137]
Spanish–American War (1898)
- Jones Morgan (1882–1993) – United States. Served in the U.S. Cavalry.[138]
- Aurelio Diaz Campillo (1878–1989) – Spain. Served in the Spanish Army.[139][140]
- Archibald M. Forbis (1878–1981) – United States. Last U.S. Navy survivor of the Battle of Manila Bay.[141]
20th century
Second Boer War (1899–1902)
- George Frederick Ives (1881–1993) – British army. Later emigrated to Canada.[142]
- Pieter Arnoldus Krueler (1885–1986) – Boer army. Later served in both world wars and the Spanish Civil War and was a mercenary in the Congo Crisis.[143]
Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901) and Philippine–American War (1899–1902)
- Nathan E. Cook (1885–1992)[144]
Potemkin Mutiny (1905)
- Ivan Beshoff (1885–1987) – Sailor on Russian battleship Potemkin. Fled to Ireland and opened a fish and chips shop.[145]
Russo-Japanese War (1904–05)
Macedonian Struggle (1904–08)
- Christos Papantoniou (1890–1995) – Greece[148]
Mexican Revolution (1910–20)
- Juan Carlos Caballero Vega (1900–2010) – Pancho Villa's driver.[149]
- Feliciano Mejia (1899–2008) – Last living member of Emiliano Zapata's Ejército Libertador del Sur.[150][151]
- Antonio Gómez Delgado (1900–2007) – Last living member of Pancho Villa's División del Norte[152][153]
- Teodoro García (1889–1999) – Last Federal soldier.[154][155]
Italo-Turkish War (1911–12)
- Luigi Gilardi (1892–1993) – Italian Colonial Forces. Also served in WWI and WWII.[156]
Balkan Wars (1912–13)
- Lăcătușu Dumitrașcu (1891–1999) – Romanian Army. Also served in WWI and WWII[157]
- Christos Papantoniou (1890–1995) – Greek Army. Also served in WWI and WWII.[148]
- Hristo Getov-Obbov (1893–1994) – Bulgarian Army.[158]
- Hüseyin Kaçmaz (1884–1994) – Ottoman Army. Also served in WWI.[159]
- Danilo Dajković (1895–1993) – Montenegrin Army. Also served in WWI.[160]
World War I (1914–18)
- Florence Green (1901–2012) – Britain. Last veteran of World War I from any country. Served as an officer's mess steward in the Women's Royal Air Force.
- Claude Choules (1901–2011) – Britain. Last combat veteran. Served in the Royal Navy. Also last veteran to serve in both World Wars.
- Harry Patch (1898–2009) – Britain. Last soldier to fight in the trenches.
- Franz Künstler (1900–2008) – Austria-Hungary. Last veteran from the Central Powers.
Easter Rising (1916)
- John Rogers (1894–2000) – British Army. Also served in WWI.[161]
- Lily Kempson (1897–1996) – Irish Citizen Army.[162]
- William Connor Hogan (1898–1995) – Irish Volunteers.[163] Also served in the War of Independence and the Civil War.[164]
October Revolution (1917)
- Boris Gudz (1902–2006) – Red Army. Also fought in Russian Civil War.[165]
Russian Civil War (1917–22)
Russian participants:
- Boris Gudz (1902–2006) – Red Army. Also fought in October Revolution.[165]
- Nikolai Fyodorov (1901–2003) – White Army.[166]
Veterans of Allied military intervention forces:
- Warren V. Hileman (1901–2005) – last US Army veteran of Polar Bear Expedition.[167][168]
- Harold Edwin Radford (1897–2003) – last known Canadian veteran, was stationed at Vladivostok.[169]
- Jean Piry (1896–2003) – last known French Army veteran[170]
- Frank William Ivers (1902–2003) – last known British veteran, served in Royal Navy off north Russia.
- Harold Gunnes (1899–2003) – last US Navy veteran of the Polar Bear Expedition. Saw action against the Bolsheviks on USS Olympia (C-6) in 1918.
Finnish Civil War (1918)
- Lauri Nurminen (1906–2009) – White Guards.[171]
- Aarne Arvonen (1897–2009) – Red Guards.[172]
Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19)
- Jan Rzepa (1899–2005) – Last Polish fighter.[173]
German Revolution of 1918–19
- Helmut Fink (1901–2009) – Freikorps.[174][175]
- William Seegers (Also second last German World War One Veteran) (1900–2007) – German Army.[176]
Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–19)
- Grigory Ivanovich Kovpak (1905–2010) – Ukraine. Served in the Ukrainian Galician Army.[177][178]
- Major Aleksander Sałacki (1904–2008) – Poland. Last surviving Lwów Eaglet.[179][180]
Estonian War of Independence (1918–20)
- Ants Ilus (1901–2006) – Died in Estonia.[181]
- Karl Jaanus (1899–2000) – Last surviving Cross of Liberty recipient awarded during war.[182]
Latvian War of Independence (1918–20)
- Arnolds Hofmanis (1900–2006) – Died in Tukums, Latvia.[183]
- Arvīds Lauris (1901–2003) – Last surviving Order of Lāčplēsis recipient awarded during war.[184]
Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–20)
- Kazys Varkala (1900–2005) – Lithuania. Fought against the Soviets and the Bermontians[185]
- Česlovas Januškevičius (1900–2001) – Lithuania. Fought the Polish in 1920.[186]
Irish War of Independence (1919–21)
- Dan Keating (1902–2007) – Irish Republican Army.[187]
- Bert Clark (1899–2005) – British Army.[188]
- Hugh McIvor (1901–2002) – Last survivor of the Royal Irish Constabulary[189]
Polish–Soviet War (1919–21)
- Alexander Imich (1903–2014) - Poland.[190]
Silesian Uprisings (1919–21)
Polish–Lithuanian War (1919–20)
Turkish War of Independence (1919–23)
- Mustafa Şekip Birgöl (1903–2008) – Last Turkish veteran. Died in Turkey.[194]
Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)
- Veysel Turan (1901–2007) – Turkey
- Napoleon Patricios (1899–2006)[195] – Greece. Served on board the destroyer Ierax.
Rif War (1920–1926)
- Francisco Nunez Olivera (1904–2018) – Spain.[196]
March on Rome (1922)
- Vasco Bruttomesso (1903–2009)[197]
Irish Civil War (1922–23)
- Dan Keating (1902–2007) – Anti-treaty forces. Served in the Irish Republican Army.[187]
- Seán Clancy (1901-2006) – Pro-treaty forces. Served in the National Army[198]
Northern Expedition (1926–28)
- Tsien Tsuen-hsuin (1910–2015) – National Revolutionary Army.[199]
Cristero War (1926–29)
- Juan Daniel Macías Villegas (1912–2016) – Last surviving Cristero.[200]
Nanchang Uprising (1927)
Brazilian Revolution of 1930
- Waldemar Levy Cardoso (1900–2009) – Brazilian army.[202]
Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
- Delmer Berg (1915-2016) - United States. Last veteran of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
- Günther Scholz (1911–2014) - Germany. Last veteran of the Condor Legion.
- At least eight Republicans and one Nationalist are still living as of 2018.
See also
References
- ↑ Schmitz, 'Aristodemus of Sparta,' 1867 Archived 2008-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Livy's History of Rome". mcadams.posc.mu.edu. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ Edward T. Beaumont, J.P. The Beaumonts in History. A.D. 850-1850. Oxford.
- 1 2 Jeune, Bernard; and Vaupel, James W. (1999). "Validation of exceptional longevity". Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark. ISBN 978-87-7838-466-9.
- ↑ Jeune and Vaupel, p.45.
- ↑ Jeune and Vaupel, p.61.
- ↑ The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 8; Volume 20. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1998. p. 428. ISBN 978-0-85229-633-2.
- ↑ "David McCoy (1790–1895)". FindAGrave.com. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
- ↑ "Josiah Allen". Rootsweb. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ↑ "Capt William James Howard (1826–1924)". FindAGrave.com. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ↑ Hopkins, John Christian (11 March 2006). "129 years after Little Big Horn". Gallup Independent. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ↑ Lawson, Michael L.; Rosier, Paul C. (2007). Little Bighorn: Winning the Battle, Losing the War. Infobase Publishing. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-7910-9347-4.
- ↑ "Services for Otto D. Van Norman". RootsWeb. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ↑ "Colonel Hubert V. Eva". ZenithCity.com. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ↑ Chicago Corral of the Westerners (1965). Westerners brand book, Volumes 22-25. Siedlce. p. 24.
- ↑ "John Daw". Genealogy Trails. 2006. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
- ↑ "LAST VET OF INDIAN WARS DIES AT AGE 101". Chicago Tribune. 17 June 1973.
- ↑ White, William (1906). Notes and queries, Volume 114. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 82.
- ↑ Winder, Robert (9 May 1999). "It's a grand life for Chelsea's men in scarlet". The Independent. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
- ↑ "A SOLDIER OF GREAT AGE". The New York Times. 10 February 1886. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
- ↑ Dunkin, A. J. (1855). "The Haddocks of Wrotham". The Archaeological mine, antiquarian nuggets relating to Kent. London: John Russell Smith. pp. 43–8.
- ↑ Grant, James (1873). British battles on land and sea. 1. Cassell, Petter, and Galpin. p. 359. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ Bailey, Thomas (1857). Records of longevity, with an introductory discourse on vital statistics. Darton. pp. 79, 101. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ Love, Dana (2013). Jacobite Stories. Neil Wilson Publishing.
- ↑ Histoire de la vie du Comte George de Browne, Comté du Saint-Empire, Gouverneur-Général de Livonie et d'Esthonie, général en chef des armées de Sa Majesté l'impératrice de toutes les Russies (in French). I.F. Hartknoch. 1794.
- 1 2 Brown, Charles Brockden; Walsh, Robert (1808). The American register, or general repository of history, politics and science, Volume 2. Philadelphia: C & A. Conrad and Company. p. 408.
- ↑ Cotton, Josh (22 July 2017). "Colonial Intrigue: It's possible that the last surviving veteran of the French & Indian War is buried in Warren". www.timesobserver.com. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
- ↑ publisher=Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). "Abercromby, Robert (1740–1827)". Dictionary of National Biography. 1. London: Smith, Elder & Co. - ↑ Hamelin, Marcel (1987). "Chartier de Lotbinière. Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain". In Halpenny, Francess G. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. VI (1821–1835) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ↑ Behrens, Johann H. (1840). Lebensgeschichte des 105-jährigen in Wolfenbüttel lebenden Invaliden-Unterofficiers Joh. Heinr. Behrens eines Zeitgenossen und Kriegers Friedrich's des Großen (in German). Wolfenbüttel: Holle. pp. 944–950.
- ↑ Samuel Hazard (1841). Hazard's United States Commercial and Statistical Register. 5. W. F. Geddes. p. 76. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- ↑ Hoefer, M.; and Ferdinand, Jean Chrétien (1857). Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours avec les renseignements bibliographiques et l'indication des sources à consulter (in French). Paris: Paris, Firmin Didot frères, fils et cie.
- ↑ Blackstock, A.F. (2004). Luttrell, Henry Lawes, second earl of Carhampton (1737–1821). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Zuerlein, Roger. "?". FortuneCity. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
- ↑ Dalzell, James McCormick; Gray, John (1868). Private Dalzell, his autobiography, poems, and comic war papers, sketch of John Gray, Washington's last soldier, etc. R. Clarke. p. 189.
- ↑ Taylor, Maureen (2003). "The Last Men of the Revolution" (PDF). American Spirit. pp. 30–31. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ↑ Cook, Burr. "Lemuel Cook". The Burr. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ↑ "Cochran Cemetery, Engelwood, TN".
- ↑ E. Treves (1884). L'Illustrazione popolare (in Italian). 20. p. 542.
- ↑ "Een veteraan van Napoleon's leger" (in Dutch). Haarlemsch Advertentieblad. February 27, 1884. p. 2.
- ↑ "La mort d'un brigand" (PDF) (in French). Le Républicain de la Loire. November 18, 1883.
- ↑ "COUDEIC Yves". Les derniers soldats de l'Empire (in French). Retrieved 2014-09-12.
- ↑ "PETIT Pierre". Les derniers soldats de l'Empire (in French). Retrieved 2014-09-12.
- ↑ Necrological Table. The British Almanac. 1873. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mathieu, Frédéric (2008). Napoléon, les derniers témoins (in French). Éditions Sébirot. ISBN 978-2-9532726-0-4.
- ↑ "The last survivor of the 1798 rebellion - Irish history podcast". irishhistorypodcast.ie. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ Lambruso, Albert (March 1902). Revue Napoléonienne (in French). pp. 189 to 193.
- ↑ Albert Lambruso (1902). Revue Napoléonienne. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ↑ Bibet/Librairie des deux empires, Jean-Pierre (1998). "Louis-Victor Baillot, le dernier survivant de Waterloo" (in French). Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
- ↑ The mystery of Waterloo's last living soldier
- 1 2 Christie, Carl (1990). "Wallis, Sir Provo William Parry". In Halpenny, Francess G. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ↑ Ray, Jarred; Ray, Ron (2009). "Some History Relevant to the 73rd Regiment of Foot" (PDF). The Garrison Gazette. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
- ↑ http://soviet-awards.com/forum/soviet-bloc-awards/imperial-russian-sphere-resulting-nations/russian-empire/95660-vasilij-nikolaevich-kochetkov.html#post225591
- ↑ "Стихи.ру". www.stihi.ru. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ josh (19 September 2013). "A very Russian Crimea". Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ "THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR". Ancestry.com. 13 April 1889. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
- ↑ Henley, Benjamin James (1911). The art of longevity ... Syracause: New Warner Co. pp. 205–208.
- ↑ "Last Survivor of Seminole War Succumbs at 99". Salt Lake Telegram. Associated Press. February 12, 1917.
- ↑ Kenneth Douglas-Morris (April 19, 2012). Naval General Service Medal Roll 1793-1840. Andrews UK Limited. p. 310.
- ↑ "LAST SURVIVOR OF JULY REVOLUTION IS DEAD". The San Francisco Call. 3 December 1911. p. 42. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
- ↑ Je sais tout (in French). 1. Pierre Lafitte Publications. 1905. p. 470. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
- ↑ "LE CENTENAIRE DE MAINCY". newspaper (in French). Le Petit Journal. 28 December 1911. p. 2. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ↑ "Centenaire décoré". newspaper (in French). La Croix. 11 February 1912. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ↑ "Miroir de l'histoire" (in French). No. 313–320. Nouvelle librairie de France. 1979. p. 669. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ↑ "Le dernier survivant des combattants de 1830". L'Expansion belge (in French). Vol. 5. Bruxelles. 1909. p. 692. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ↑ "Stadsnieuws". newspaper (in Dutch). Amersfoortsche Courant. 21 January 1913. p. 3. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ↑ "Een 102-jarige overleden". newspaper (in Dutch). Leeuwarder Courant. 21 January 1913. p. 1. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ↑ "DEATH OF THE LAST SURVIVOR OF THE BLACK HAWK WAR". 14. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. 1922.
- ↑ Steele, Alfonso; Houston, Sam (1836). Biography of Private Alfonso Steele: deceased, last survivor of the Battle of San Jacinto, together with Mr. Steele's account of the campaign and fight, and the official report of General Sam Houston, with complete roster of the commands composing the little army. s.n.
- ↑ Groneman, Bill (1990). Alamo defenders: a genealogy, the people and their words. New York: Eakins Press. p. 1.
- ↑ "Nelson Truax, Last Survivor of the Battle of the Windmill". Watertown Daily Times. 1923. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ↑ Lyman, H.S. (1900). Reminiscences of FX Matthieu. 1. Portland: Oregon Historical Society.
- ↑ Fido, Martin; Skinner, Keith (1999). The Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard. London: Virgin Books.
- ↑ Associated Press (September 1929). "Mexican War's Last Survivor, 98, is Dead". The Dallas Morning News.
- ↑ "Last Mexican Veteran Of War With U. S. Dies". newspaper. The Evening News. Feb 6, 1928.
- ↑ "Százkét éves korában influenzában meghalt a legutolsó negyvennyolcas honvéd". Huszadik Század. 1929. Retrieved 2014-06-21.
- ↑ "Wolverhampton says goodbye to a century-old soldier". Black Country Bugle. 24 November 2005. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
- ↑ "En Veteran Fra 48, der fylder 100 Ar" (in Danish). MyHeritage. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ↑ "War Veteran of 104". newspaper. The Auckland Star. 14 June 1930. p. 3. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ↑ "LE DOYEN DES FRANÇAIS, M. YVES PRIGENT, EST MORT HIER MATIN A PORTSALL". newspaper (in French). L'Ouest-Éclair. 19 May 1937. p. 5. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ↑ "Sir Fitzroy Maclean". 23 November 1936. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
Sir Fitzroy Donald Maclean, Bt., who died yesterday at Duart Castle, Isle of Mull, at the age of 101, Chief of his Clan and a Crimean veteran, was one of the best known of the "grand old men" of Scotland. When a boy in his early teens he was taken by his father to see the ruins of Duart Castle, burnt to the ground two centuries before, and then made a vow to restore it to its former glory. The vow was redeemed in 1912, when the yellow banner of the Chief of the Clan once more floated over the castle walls amid the rejoicings of the chieftains and clansmen from all parts of the world. …
- ↑ MacLean, John Patterson (1889). A History of the Clan MacLean from Its First Settlement at Duard Castle, in the Isle of Mull, to the Present Period: Including a Genealogical Account of Some of the Principal Families Together with Their Heraldry, Legends, Superstitions, etc. R. Clarke & Company.
Sir Fitzroy Donald MacLean, Bart., Twenty-sixth Chief of MacLean and tenth Baronet of Morvern, was born May 18, 1835. On May 18, 1855 he received the Crimean medal for his gallant conduct in the Crimea. He also received two clasps and the Turkish war medal.
- ↑ "LAST SURVIVOR OF CRIMEA WAR DIES BUSTO ARSIZIO". Sandusky, Ohio: The Sandusky Register. 28 May 1930. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ↑ "Hall of Fame: Balaclava Ned". BBC News. 27 July 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
- ↑ "IET Archives, history, biographies, online exhibitions and research guides". The IET. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
- ↑ "BBC NEWS - England - Devon - Timmy the tortoise dies aged 160". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ "ONLY ONE LEFT NOW - INDIAN MUTINY SURVIVOR". newspaper. Tweed Daily. July 13, 1939. p. 2. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ↑ "Fought In The Mutiny". newspaper. Voice. August 12, 1939. p. 8. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ↑ 1886–1986, Il Secolo XIX, Genova, 1986 pag. 302
- ↑ "I Garibaldini liguri". sul sito del Museo del Risorgimento di Genova. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ "Hero Celebrates 100th Birthday". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. July 16, 1936. p. 4. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- ↑ J. Marwil (2010). Visiting Modern War in Risorgimento Italy. Springer. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- ↑ "NONAGENARIAN'S DEATH: Veteran of Garibaldi Campaigns". The West Australian. August 31, 1936. p. 18.
- ↑ "Campagnes de Crimée (1853-1856), d'Italie (1859), d'Afrique (1864), du Mexique (1862-1867)" (in French). derniersveterans.free.fr. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- ↑ "Garibaldi Survivor". The Barrier Miner. March 28, 1934. p. 4.
- ↑ The Banner (1956). "Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War: Albert Woolson". Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
- ↑ Polston, Mike. "WILLIAM LOUDERMILK, THE LAST CONFEDERATE". Couch Genealogy. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
- ↑ 'George Washington Loudermilk's Ancestors." Aline Loudermilk Jones compiled this massive genealogy 2007. It is online. The 1930 census also gives him a birth date consistent with late 1847. Between 1949 and his death in 1952 three Arkansas newspapers and four nation wide papers and magazines gave his age as being consistent with a birth date of late 1847 and 'The New York Times' was specific. The stories were not syndicated.
- ↑ "1900 US Census gives age as 49. The censuses give Loudermilk a wide range of ages, some make him younger than a decade before, other age him nineteen years in ten". Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- 1 2 "Last Surviving Confederate Veterans". Genealogy Trails. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
- ↑ "GEN William Joshua Jordan "Uncle Josh" Bush (1845 - 1952) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ William Joshua Bush shows up as enlisted in Company B Ramah Guards, 14th Georgia Infantry where he served from July 1861 to his discharge that October. His service with the Georgia State Militia from October 1864 to their surrender in late April 1865 was also verified by the Georgia State Pensions in 1936 (see http://cdm.sos. state ga.us 2011/cdm/compoundobject collection/Testapps/id/149449/rec/1) apart from the muster rolls the adjutant-general verified his other documents. These include his soldier's card, a pay slip and his 1861 discharge. Between them these documents bear five different signatures. Bush may have also served in the 66th Georgia between August 1863 and October 1864.
- ↑ "ARNOLD MURRAY Confederate Veteran living in 1950". Sons of Confederate Veterans. 2005-08-05. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
- ↑ "ARNOLD MURRAY Confederate Veteran living in 1950." Posted J. Block August 5th 2005. This article mentions the stated 1854/1855 census birthdate – and also the 1920 census birthdate for 1847–48. The censuses of 1910 1930 and 1940 also give 1840s birthdates. Life magazine in the May 30th issue on page 9 gives his age as 101. In The South's Last Boys in Gray Professor J S. Hoar lists twenty-two known enlisted Confederates under eleven. See pp1733-1734.
- ↑ Find a Grave "Arnold Murray 1846-1952" has a civil War era photo of Arnold Murray as a young soldier. TennRebGirl.com 3/4/14 has him in a group photo at a 1913 Confederate reunion. In the 1930 census he affirmed both Civil War service and a birthdate in the later 1840s.
- ↑ "William Daniel "Uncle Eli" Townsend (1846 - 1953) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ Townsend's 1861 enlistment in Company B. 27th Louisiana Infantry is recorded on their muster roll in Andrew B. Booth's Military Records of Louisiana Confederate Soldiers and Louisiana Confederate Commands. and also in the LouisianaInfantryDataBase. ancestry.com has six primary source documents in his name; an 1862 sickness furlough, a clothing allocation, a Vicksburg prisoner of war roll where he is listed and his signed parole.
- ↑ In Professor Jay S. Hoar's The South's Last Boy's in Gray(page 1700) he states that Kiney lied about his age by three years so as to be old enough to enlist. The 1850 census gives his age as four and his birthplace as Bracken County Kentucky. The first names of his parents in that document match those in a 1991 letter to Professor Hoar written by Kiney's granddaughter.
- ↑ This birthdate comes from the February 1991 article "The Great Imposters" by William Marvel and is also in the 1900 and 1920 censuses for a man who spells his name Kinney. This birthdate also appears in a March 1920 marriage record for a William A. Kiney of Indianapolis. Kiney lived in this city. These documents are discussed in the entry "William A. Kiney" in the Find A Grave Forum.
- ↑ Kiney has three primary source records of his enlistments apart from records kept by his family. In Official Records it states that he was in 5th Regiment Kentucky Mounted Infantry. This enlistment is also mentioned in Kentucky Adjutant General's Report – Confederate Volunteers 1861–1865, Vol.1 page 254 entry 80, where Kiney's enlistment is dated on November 1st 1861. Wikipedia's entry on this unit states that they were disbanded in October 1862 and the troops were given a three way choice, discharge, reenlistment or joining the Kentucky Cavalry. Kiney went with the last option as he enlisted in Company l of Diamond's 10th Kentucky Cavalry on 18th November 1863. (This extract is from the book The 10th Kentucky Cavalry CSA by John B. Wells & Jim Pritchard. See Roster of Diamond's 10th Kentucky Cavalry CSA www.potterflats.com10thKyhtml) Professor Hoare's segment on Kiney in The South's Last Boys in Gray reproduces an excerpt of Lloyd B. Walton's article "He's a Man Even at 109" from The Indianapolis Times September 14th 1952. Here Kiney speaks of his Civil War experience, recalling that he was in most of the war and that Shiloh was his toughest fight. Find a Graveshows his tombstone with the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry inscribed as his unit. They are not known to have had a muster roll.
- ↑ This information comes from the 1850 census. Later censuses give a wide range of dates.
- ↑ "1910 Census gives age as 48". Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ Thomas Evans Riddle is enlisted under his full name in the reproduced muster roll in Terry D. Lowry's History of the 22nd Virginia Infantry. He is also listed as just Thomas Riddle and in the same company in John C. Wayland's Muster Roll of Confederate Soldiers. He apparently transferred regiments for in Official Recordshe appears on the muster roll of Company I 33rd Virginia Infantry. John B. Sheets of that same company kept a diary where Thomas Riddle is mentioned on February 26th 1863. Against this evidence is the fact that Lowry cautions against believing Riddle and that some of Riddle's descendants warn that due to census information, he could not have served in the Civil War. See their website "Our Family" by David Autry.
- ↑ Associated Press (20 December 1959). "Reputed Last Civil War Veteran Dies in Texas After Long Illness: Walter Williams Put His Age at 117 – Tributes Note the End of an Era". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
- ↑ Marvel, William (1991). The great imposters. VIII. Columbus: Blue and Gray. pp. 32–33.
- ↑ "Murio Ayer el Ultimo Veterano del 5 de Mayo" (PDF) (in Spanish). Gobierno Municipal de Puebla. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
- ↑ Jakubik, Marian; Kołodziejczyk, Arkadiusz (2002). Żołnierska danina życia od 1657 roku (in Polish). IHAP. p. 158. ISBN 978-83-87088-59-0.
- ↑ "hammerum-herred.dk". hammerum-herred.dk. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ Inventory of British National Army Museum which describes one of its archives as "Press Cutting from: Evening Standard, 11 Feb 1936; detailing experiences of Capt Adrian Jones, thought to be the last survivor of the Abyssinian Campaign; associated with Abyssinia (1867–1868)"
- ↑ Bowd, Gavin (2007). Le dernier communard: Adrien Lejeune (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-02974-3.
- ↑ http://soviet-awards.com/forum/soviet-bloc-awards/imperial-russian-sphere-resulting-nations/russian-empire/61634-konstantin-vikentevich-hrutskij.html
- ↑ "Ветеран Русско-Турецкой войны Константин Викентьевич Хруцкий (112 лет) 1963 год. Внутри большой пост про георгиевских кавалеров в СССР". Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- ↑ McWhirter, Ross and Norris (editors) (1972). The Guinness Book of Records. Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 196. ISBN 0 900424 06 0.
- ↑ Warre, H.J. (1878). Historical records of the Fifty-seventh, or, West Middlesex Regiment of Foot. W. Mitchell and Co. p. 229.
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- ↑ "Last Survivor". South African Digest. No. 14. Department of Information. 1967. p. 3.
- ↑ "LAST SURVIVOR OF EGYPTIAN WAR". The Glasgow Herald. Retrieved 2013-05-06.
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- ↑ "AURELIO DIAZ CAMPILLO: EL ULTIMO DE CUBA" (in Spanish). ABC. 23 October 1977. p. 130. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ↑ Noriega, Ignacio Gracia (18 June 1989). "El tío Aurelio de Tielve" (in Spanish). La Nueva España. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ↑ United Spanish War Veterans (1979). Proceedings of the Stated Convention of the 81st National Encampment. 81. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 110. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ↑ Davies, David Twiston (1996). Canada from afar: the Daily telegraph book of Canadian obituaries. Dundurn Group. pp. 1–3.
- ↑ Heaton, Colin; Lewis, Anne-Marie (2014). Four War Boer: The Century and Life of Pieter Arnoldus Krueler. Casemate.
- ↑ "Nathan E. Cook, 106;America's Oldest Known War Veteran". Los Angeles Times. September 12, 1992. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
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- ↑ Associated Press (26 April 1999). "Last known Mexican to fight rebel Pancho Villa dead at 110". Latin American Studies. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
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- ↑ Airuno Archivio della Memoria. "Foto di gruppo pattuglia di carabinieri" (in Italian). BRIGcoop. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
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- ↑ George Danailov (2002). As far as I Remember (in Bulgarian). Abagar.
- ↑ "ÇANAKKALE ZAFERİ'NİN 96. YIL DÖNÜMÜ -ETKİNLİKLER KAPSAMINDA İSTİKLAL GAZİSİ HÜSEYİN KAÇMAZ'IN OĞLU TURGUT KAÇMAZ'IN "SAKLI HATIRALAR" FOTOĞRAF SERGİSİ AÇILDI" (in Turkish). Haber3. 15 March 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
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- ↑ "Four Court Garrison: Roll of Honor". 1916 Rebellion Museum. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
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|url=
(help) - ↑ Sulanke, Alexander (2009-03-18). "Schlagzeuger (fast 18) trifft Flötisten (108)" [A life full of music – since 108 years] (in German). Hamburger Abendblatt. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ↑ Jamin, Stefan (22 May 2009). Gerontology Research Group.
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- ↑ "ОСТАННІЙ ГРОМАДЯНИН ЗУНР ЖИВЕ У ЧЕРНІВЦЯХ" (in Ukrainian). Television News Service (TSN). 1 November 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ↑ Pierończyk, Jolanta (14 May 2007). "Aleksander Sałacki skończył 103 lata" (in Polish). NaszeMiasto.pl. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
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- ↑ (in Latvian) Miris pēdējais Brīvības cīņu dalībnieks
- ↑ (in Latvian) ASV miris pēdējais Lāčplēša ordeņa kavalieris
- ↑ "Mirė paskutinis Nepriklausomybės kovų savanoris" (in Lithuanian). Delfi News. 2005. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
- 1 2 Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, VIII t. Vilnius: Science and encyclopedias publishing institute, 2005. T.8: Imhof-Junusas.
- 1 2 "Irish Civil War veteran dies at 105". BBC News. 3 October 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ↑ Max Arthur (2014). Last Post: The Final Word From Our First World War Soldiers. Orion Publishing Group.
|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ↑ "RIC's last survivor dies". newspaper. The News Letter. 4 January 2002. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ↑ "New Yorker officially deemed oldest living man on earth". 5 May 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
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- ↑ Eduard Del Campo (January 24, 2016). "El abuelo del planeta es español" (in Spanish). El Mundo. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
- ↑ Frattina, Giannino (3 January 2009). "Varese, è morto l'ultimo veterano della Marcia su Roma: aveva 105 anni" (in Italian). il Giornale. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ↑ "War of Independence veteran dies aged 105". The Irish Times. 18 September 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
- ↑ "Tsuen-hsuin Tsien, Curator Emeritus of the East Asian Collection, 1910–2015". University of Chicago Library. 14 April 2015.
- ↑ Diego Lopez Marina (11 March 2016). "Last known Cristero soldier in Mexico dies at 103". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
- ↑ 萧克29岁当红军最年轻方面军领导人 (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 18 July 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ↑ "Field Marshal Waldemar Levy Cardoso: Brazilian army officer". The Times. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011.