List of totalitarian regimes
This is a list of totalitarian dictatorships.
Totalitarian states
Islamist totalitarian states
| Country | Leader | Ideologies | Government | End goals | Date of establishment | Date of dissolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
House of Al Saud | Hanbali Islamism Wahhabism Saudi Arabian nationalism |
Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy | Saudi Vision 2030 | 1932 | |
 |
Omar al Bashir[2] | Arab nationalism Muslim Brotherhood Islamism Salafism Social conservatism |
Federal dominant-party presidential republic (1998–present) Federal one-party republic (1993-1998) |
1993 | ||
Former Islamist totalitarian states
| Country | Leader | Ideologies | Government | End goals | Date of establishment | Date of dissolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Mohammed Omar[3][4] | Deobandi fundamentalism[5] Islamism[5] Pashtunwali[6] Islamic nationalism Religious nationalism[6] Salafi jihadism[3] |
Unitary Islamic theocratic absolute monarchy[4] | Talibanization Afghan reunification[3] |
1996[3] | 2001[3] |
 |
Ruhollah Khomeini | Islamism Shia Islam Khomeinism Republicanism Anti-imperialism Anti-communism Anti-Americanism Anti-Zionism |
Unitary one-party theocratic Islamic republic under a Supreme Leader | Islamization of Iran | 1979 | 1989 |
Left-wing totalitarian states
| Country | Leader | Ideologies | Government | End goals | Date of establishment | Date of dissolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Kim dynasty[10] | Songbun[11] Juche[11] Korean ethnic nationalism North Korean Cult of Personality Songun |
Unitary Juche one-party socialist republic under a hereditary military dictatorship | Korean reunification | 1948 | |
 |
Hafez Al Assad (1971-2000)[12] Bashar Al Assad (2000–present)[12] |
Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Ba'athism Neo-Ba'athism Assadism Anti-zionism Secularism |
Unitary one-party republic (until 2011) Unitary dominant-party republic (since 2011) |
Arab Union Greater Syria Syrian reunification |
1971 | |
Former left-wing totalitarian states
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Nationalist totalitarian states
| Country | Leader | Ideologies | Government | End goals | Date of establishment | Date of dissolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Isaias Afewerki | Eritrean nationalism Left-wing nationalism Secularism |
Unitary one-party presidential republic | 1993 | ||
  |
Teodoro Obiang | African nationalism Militarism Obiang’s cult of personality |
Unitary dominant-party presidential republic (1991–present) Unitary one-party republic (1987-1991) Unitary presidential republic (1982-1987) Unitary presidential republic under a military dictatorship (1968-1982) |
1968 | ||
Former nationalist totalitarian states
| Country | Leader | Ideologies | Government | End goals | Date of establishment | Date of dissolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Mobutu Sese Seko[25] | Mobutism[26][27] African nationalism Anti-communism Zairian nationalism Mobutu's cult of personality |
One-party presidential republic under a military dictatorship | Authenticité Africanization |
1971 | 1997 |
 |
Idi Amin Dada[28] | Social conservatism Anti-communism African nationalism Economic nationalism Militarism Isolationism Xenophobia Anti-Zionism (from 1976) |
Military dictatorship | 1971 | 1979 | |
Former fascist totalitarian states
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Notes
- ↑ Hannah Arendt in The Origins of Totalitarianism disputes that Italy was a totalitarian state.
- ↑ Robert Paxton in The Anatomy of Fascism disputes that Japan was a totalitarian state.
References
- ↑ Bandow, Doug. "Iran Is Dangerous, But Saudi Arabia Is Worse".
- 1 2 "Sudan Islamic Totalitarianism - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". www.sudantribune.com.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The Totalitarian Present - The American Interest". 1 September 2009.
- 1 2 "Mullah Muhammad Omar, Enigmatic Leader of Afghan Taliban, Is Dead". 30 July 2015 – via NYTimes.com.
- 1 2 "Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups?". 1 April 2013.
- 1 2 "NCTC Home". www.nctc.gov.
- ↑ http://www.ihrr.org/ihrr_article/religion-en_the-third-form-of-totalitarianism-the-islamic-republic-of-iran/
- ↑ "North Korea country profile". 9 April 2018 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- ↑ "Kim Jong Un's North Korea: Life inside the totalitarian state". Washington Post.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Totalitarianism". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2018.
- 1 2 "What Is The Juche Ideology Of North Korea?".
- 1 2 3 "Syria: Between oppression and freedom - Ifimes". www.ifimes.org.
- ↑ Rutland, Peter (1993). The Politics of Economic Stagnation in the Soviet Union: The Role of Local Party Organs in Economic Management. Cambridge University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-521-39241-9.
after 1953 ...This was still an oppressive regime, but not a totalitarian one.
- ↑ Krupnik, Igor (1995). "4. Soviet Cultural and Ethnic Policies Towards Jews: A Legacy Reassessed". In Ro'i, Yaacov. Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-64619-0.
The era of 'social engineering' in the Soviet Union ended with the death of Stalin in 1953 or soon after; and that was the close of the totalitarian regime itself.
- ↑ von Beyme, Klaus (2014). On Political Culture, Cultural Policy, Art and Politics. Springer. p. 65. ISBN 978-3-319-01559-0.
The Soviet Union after the death of Stalin moved from totalitarianism to authoritarian rule.
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/01/opinion/the-war-we-could-have-won.html
- 1 2 Rummel, R.J. (1994). "Democide in totalitarian states: Mortacracies and megamurderers.". In Charney, Israel W. Widening circle of genocide. Transaction Publishers. p. 5.
There is much confusion about what is meant by totalitarian in the literature, including the denial that such systems even exist. I define a totalitarian state as one with a system of government that is unlimited constitutionally or by countervailing powers in society (such as by a church, rural gentry, labor unions, or regional powers); is not held responsible to the public by periodic secret and competitive elections; and employs its unlimited power to control all aspects of society, including the family, religion, education, business, private property, and social relationships. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was thus totalitarian, as was Mao's China, Pol Pot's Cambodia, Hitler's Germany, and U Ne Win's Burma
- ↑ O'Kane, Rosemary H T (1993). "Cambodia in the zero years: rudimentary totalitarianism". Third World Quarterly. 14 (4): 735–748. JSTOR 3992949.
- ↑ "Iraq: A Population Silenced". 2001-2009.state.gov.
- ↑ Kafala, Tarik (20 October 2011). "Gaddafi's quixotic and brutal rule" – via www.bbc.com.
- ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-gaddafi-was-the-quintessential-20th-century-dictator/2011/10/21/gIQANkTb4L_story.html
- ↑ Taylor, Adam (12 June 2015). "The brutal dictatorship the world keeps ignoring" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
- ↑ https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/1066-2744120-uyqx0jz/index.html
- ↑ Birrell, Ian (22 October 2011). "The strange and evil world of Equatorial Guinea". the Guardian.
- 1 2 Smith, David (10 February 2015). "Where Concorde once flew: the story of President Mobutu's 'African Versailles'". the Guardian.
- ↑ books.google.com.br/books?id=HeWRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=zaire+totalitarianism&source=bl&ots=6B_2gzU-FT&sig=nc32QJIJ2qMu01qUqj5NXph6G-U&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjO5Jfui-PaAhXFI5AKHUOHCKsQ6AEwAXoECAgQAQ
- ↑ Gouahinga, Francois (8 January 2007). "Congo-Kinshasa: Review of Mobutu's Totalitarian Political System - An Afrocentric Analysis" – via AllAfrica.
- 1 2 Smith, Asher (4 September 2012). "The "Evolution" of Totalitarian Regimes Is Really a Throwback".
- ↑ "Foundations of the Nazi State". www.ushmm.org.
- 1 2 3 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/germany/nazibeliefsrev_print.shtml
- ↑ "Fascism and the Italian Road to Totalitarianism". www.libraryofsocialscience.com.
- ↑ "Heil Hirohito: Was Imperial Japan a Fascist Totalitarian State?". 23 January 2017.
- ↑ http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fascism/2017/02/romania_s_unusually_morbid_fascist_movement_blended_nationalistic_violence.html
- ↑ Final Report, pp.115, 323
- ↑ https://820079040705759037.weebly.com/living-in-a-totalitarian-regime.html
- ↑ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00309230.2015.1046889
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