National conservatism

National conservatism is a variant of conservatism that concentrates more on national interests and upholding cultural or ethnic identity than most other conservatives.[1] In Europe, national conservatives are usually Eurosceptics.[2][3] National conservatism shares characteristics with traditionalist conservatism and social conservatism given how the 3 variations focus on preservation and tradition. As national conservatism seeks to preserve national interests, traditional conservatism emphasizes ancestral institutions and social conservatism.[4][5][6] National-conservative parties often have roots in environments with a rural, traditionalist or peripheral basis, contrasting with the more urban support base of liberal-conservative parties.[7]

Most conservative parties in post-communist Central and Southeastern Europe since 1989 have been national conservative.[8]

Ideology

Social policies

National conservative parties are "socially traditional"[2] and support the traditional family and social stability.[9] According to the Austrian political scientist Sieglinde Rosenberger, "national conservatism praises the family as a home and a center of identity, solidarity and emotion."[9] Many national conservatives are thus social conservatives, as well as in favor of limiting immigration and enacting law-and-order policies.[2]

Economic policies

National conservative parties in different countries do not necessarily share a common position on economic policy: their views may range from support of a planned economy to a centrist mixed economy to a laissez-faire approach.[1] In the first, more common, case, national conservatives can be distinguished from liberal conservatives,[10] for whom free market economic policies, deregulation and tight spending are the main priorities. Some commentators have indeed identified a growing gap between national and economic liberal conservatism: "most parties of the Right [today] are run by economically liberal conservatives who, in varying degrees, have marginalized social, cultural, and national conservatives."[10]

List of national conservative political parties

Current national conservative parties or parties with national conservative factions

The following political parties have been characterised as national conservative, at least as one of their ideological influences.

Former national conservative parties or parties with national conservative factions

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Mandal 2007, p. 306.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  3. ↑ Traynor, Ian, The EU's weary travellers The Guardian, 4 April 2006
  4. ↑ ANDREW., HEYWOOD, (2018). ESSENTIALS OF POLITICAL IDEAS : for a level. [S.l.]: PALGRAVE. ISBN 1137611677. OCLC 1005867754.
  5. ↑ Varieties of conservatism in America. Berkowitz, Peter, 1959-. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press. 2004. ISBN 0817945725. OCLC 839305105.
  6. ↑ Mediations of social life in the 21st century. Dahms, Harry F., (First ed.). Bingle, UK. ISBN 9781784412227. OCLC 896728569.
  7. ↑ Vít Hloušek; Lubomír Kopecek (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared. Routledge. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-317-08503-4.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Bakke, Elisabeth (2010), "Central and East European party systems since 1989", Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989, Cambridge University Press, p. 79
  9. 1 2 Rosenberger, Sieglinde, Europe is swinging towards the right - What are the effects on women?, University of Vienna, 2002. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  10. 1 2 National Questions, National Review, Vol. 49, Issue 12, 30 June 1997, pp. 16-17
  11. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  12. ↑ Gerard Braunthal (2009). Right-Wing Extremism in Contemporary Germany. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-230-25116-8.
  13. ↑ Oliver Rathkolb (2010). The Paradoxical Republic: Austria 1945-2005. Berghahn Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-78238-396-3.
  14. ↑ Thompson, Wayne C. (2008). Western Europe 2008. Stryker Post Pubns. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-887985-98-7.
  15. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  16. ↑ Kirby, Peadar (2003), Introduction to Latin America: Twenty-first century challenges, SAGE, p. 157
  17. ↑ Marko Stojić (2018). Party Responses to the EU in the Western Balkans: Transformation, Opposition or Defiance?. Springer. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-3-319-59563-4.
  18. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  19. ↑ "Détails ODS - Election(s)Meter". fr.electionsmeter.com. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  20. ↑ Pehe, Jiří. "Má liberalismus v České republice šanci? — Jiří Pehe". www.pehe.cz. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  21. ↑ "Politolog Robejšek založil konzervativní stranu Realisté. Ve volbách chce získat 20 procent hlasů". Aktuálně.cz - Víte co se právě děje. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  22. ↑ Moreau, Patrick (2011). "The Victorious Parties - Unity in Diversity?". In Uwe Backes, Patrick Moreau. The Extreme Right in Europe: Current Trends and Perspectives. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 101. ISBN 9783647369228.
  23. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  24. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  25. ↑ Siitonen, Aaretti (2009), "Flags and hymns are not for Finns: An analysis of the European elections in Finland before the fact" (PDF), The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, p. 4
  26. ↑ http://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/politique/2015/04/13/31001-20150413ARTFIG00155-jean-yves-camus-marion-le-pen-incarne-la-ligne-nationale-conservatrice-du-fn.php
  27. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  28. ↑ Simon Franzmann (2015). "The Failed Struggle for Office Instead of Votes". In Gabriele D'Ottavio; Thomas Saalfeld. Germany After the 2013 Elections: Breaking the Mould of Post-Unification Politics?. Ashgate. pp. 166–167. ISBN 978-1-4724-4439-4.
  29. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  30. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  31. 1 2 Vít Hloušek; Lubomír Kopecek (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-317-08503-4.
  32. 1 2 3 András Körösényi (1999). Government and Politics in Hungary. Central European University Press. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-963-9116-76-4.
  33. ↑ Bonikowska, Monika (2014). "India After The Elections". Centre for International Relations (6): 2. Archived from the original on 24 September 2017.
  34. ↑ "The short life of the "National Unity Government"" (PDF). Konrad Adenauer Foundation. July 2012. p. 1.
  35. ↑ Watzal, Ludwig (1999). Peace enemies: the past and present conflict between Israel and Palestine. PASSIA. p. 28.
  36. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  37. 1 2 Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck
  38. ↑ Andrea Carla (2016). "Tensions and Challenges between New and Old minorities: Political Party Discourses on Migration in South Tyrol". In Roberta Medda-Windischer; Patricia Popelier. Pro-independence Movements and Immigration: Discourse, Policy and Practice. BRILL. p. 70. ISBN 978-90-04-29439-4.
  39. ↑ Ganesan (2015). Bilateral Legacies in East and Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 67.
  40. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  41. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  42. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  43. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram, "Montenegro", Parties and Elections in Europe
  44. ↑ "Dutch Local Election Candidate: 'Current EU is a Monster, It's Undemocratic'". Sputnik. 20 March 2018.
  45. ↑ Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 93.
  46. ↑ Vít Hloušek; Lubomír Kopecek (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared. Routledge. p. 196. ISBN 978-1-317-08503-4.
  47. ↑ David Art (2011), "Memory Politics in Western Europe", in Uwe Backes; Patrick Moreau, The Extreme Right in Europe, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, p. 364, ISBN 978-3-525-36922-7
  48. ↑ https://www.diena.lv/raksts/kd/maksla/is-national-conservatism-the-new-ideology-of-the-russian-people-640460
  49. 1 2 Wolfram * Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  50. ↑ Peter Starke; Alexandra Kaasch; Franca Van Hooren (2013). The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-137-31484-0.
  51. ↑ Daniel Kübler; Urs Scheuss; Philippe Rochat (2013). "The Metropolitan Bases of Political Cleavage in Switzerland". In Jefferey M. Sellers; Daniel Kübler; R. Alan Walks; Melanie Walter-Rogg. The Political Ecology of the Metropolis: Metropolitan Sources of Electoral Behaviour in Eleven Countries. ECPR Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-907301-44-5.
  52. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  53. ↑ "Erdoğan's Triumph". Financial Times. July 24, 2007. The AKP is now a national conservative party — albeit rebalancing power away from the westernised urban elite and towards Turkey's traditional heartland of Anatolia — as well as the Muslim equivalent of Europe's Christian Democrats.
  54. ↑ Carkoglu, Ali (2004). Turkey and the European Union: Domestic Politics, Economic Integration and International Dynamics. Routledge. p. 127.
  55. ↑ "Türkei: Meral Akşener will als Präsidentin vier Millionen syrische Flüchtlinge zurückschicken". RTDeutsch. 22 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  56. ↑ "++ In Türkei festgenommene Deutsche wieder frei ++ Erdogan zum Sieger erklärt++". watson. 25 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  57. ↑ "Auszählung in der Türkei läuft: Erdogans Vorsprung schmilzt". Weser-Kurier. 24 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  58. ↑ "Schüsse! Politiker der Opposition bei Wahl getötet". Morgenpost. 24 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  59. ↑ "Nach Erdogan-Wahl und Diktator-Vergleich: EU-Beitrittsverhandlungen "zum Stillstand gekommen"". Kreiszeitung. 26 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  60. ↑ "Türkei-Wahlen: Oppositionspolitiker in Osttürkei getötet". Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung. 24 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  61. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  62. ↑ Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  63. ↑ Marco Tarchi (2007), "Recalcitrant Allies: The Conflicting Foreign Policy Agenda of the Alleanza Nazionale and the Lega Nord", Europe for the Europeans, Ashgate, p. 188
  64. ↑ Robert Leonardi (2017). Government and Politics of Italy. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-349-93231-3.
  65. ↑ Tom Lansford, ed. (2013). Political Handbook of the World 2013. SAGE Publications. p. 715. ISBN 978-1-4522-5825-6.

Books

Mandal, U.C. (2007). Dictionary Of Public Administration. Sarup & Sons. ISBN 978-8-1762-5784-8.

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