List of state leaders in 1914

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1914.

Africa

Dervish state (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Leader of the Dervish State (1896–1920)
Ethiopia –
- Monarch - Iyasu V, Emperor-designate of Ethiopia (1913–1916)
- Chief Minister - Habte Giyorgis Dinagde, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1909–1927)
Liberia - Daniel E. Howard, President of Liberia (1912–1920)
South Africa
- Monarch – George V (1910–1936)
- Governor-General -
  1. Viscount Gladstone (1910–1914)
  2. Viscount Buxton (1914–1920)
- Prime Minister - Louis Botha (1910–1919)

Asia

Afghanistan - Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1901–1919)
Asir – Monarch - Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi, Emir of Asir (1909–1923)
Bukhara – Monarch - Mohammed Alim Khan, Emir of Bukhara (1911–1920)
China –
- Beiyang Government –
  - President - Yuan Shikai, President of China (1912–1915)
  - Premier -
    1. Xiong Xiling, Premier of the Republic of China (1913–1914)
    2. Sun Baoqi, Acting Premier of the Republic of China (1914)
    3. Xu Shichang, Premier of the Republic of China (1914–1915)
- Nationalist Government –
  - Head of State - Sun Yat-sen, Chairman of the Governing Committee of the Military Government of China (1912–1918)
- Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
  - Monarch - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1879–1933)
Hejaz (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz (1908–1924)^[1]
Jabal Shammar –
- Monarch - Saud bin Abdulaziz, Emir of Jabal Shammar (1910–1920)
Japan –
- Monarch - Yoshihito, Emperor of Japan (1912–1926)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Yamamoto Gonnohyoe, Prime Minister of Japan (1913–1914)
  2. Okuma Shigenobu, Prime Minister of Japan (1914–1916)
Khiva –
- Monarch - Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur, Khan of Khiva (1910–1918)
Muscat and Oman –
- Monarch - Taimur bin Feisal, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1913–1932)
Nejd and Hasa –
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, Emir of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1953)^[2]
Nepal –
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
- Prime Minister - Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1901–1929)
Ottoman Empire –
- Monarch - Mehmed V, Emperor of the Ottomans (1909–1918)
- Head of Government - Said Halim Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1913–1917)
Persia –
- Monarch – Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1909–1925)
- Regent – Nasir al-Mulk, Regent of Persia (1910–1914)
- Prime Minister - Mostowfi ol-Mamalek, Prime Minister of Persia (1913–1915)
Siam
- Monarch – Vajiravudh, King of Siam (1910–1925)

Europe

Albania –
- Provisional Government of Albania –
  - dissolved on 22 January 1914
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Ismail Qemali, Chairman of the Provisional Government (1912–1914)
    2. Fejzi Alizoti, Chairman of the Central Government (1914)
- Principality of Albania –
  - established on 21 February 1914
  - Monarch - William, Prince of Albania (1914–1925)
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Turhan Përmeti, Prime Minister of Albania (1914)
    2. Essad Pasha Toptani, Prime Minister of Albania (1914–1916)
- Northern Epirus –
  - autonomous from 17 May 1914 to 27 October 1914
  - President - Georgios Christakis-Zografos, President of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (1914)
Andorra –
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince - Raymond Poincaré, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1913–1920)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Juan Benlloch i Vivó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1907–1919)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Pallerola i Gabriel (1886–1915)
- First Syndic - Bonaventura Moles, First Syndic of Andorra (1912–1915)
Austria-Hungary –
- Monarch - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
- Heads of Government -
  - Cisleithania (Austria) - Karl von Stürgkh, Minister-President of Austria (1911–1916)
  - Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Hungary) - István Tisza, Prime Minister of Hungary (1913–1917)
Belgium –
- Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
- Prime Minister - Count Charles de Broqueville, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1911–1918)
Bulgaria –
- Monarch - Ferdinand I, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1887–1918)^[3]
- Premier - Vasil Radoslavov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1913–1918)
Denmark –
- Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
- Prime Minister - Carl Theodor Zahle, Council President of Denmark (1913–1920)
France –
- President - Raymond Poincaré, President of France (1913–1920)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Gaston Doumergue, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1913–1914)
  2. Alexandre Ribot, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1914)
  3. René Viviani, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1914–1915)
Germany –
- Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Head of Government - Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (1909–1917)
Greece –
- Monarch - Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (1913–1917)
- Prime Minister - Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1910–1915)
Italy –
- Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Giovanni Giolitti, Prime Minister of Italy (1911–1914)
  2. Antonio Salandra, Prime Minister of Italy (1914–1916)
Liechtenstein –
- Monarch - Johann II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
- Administrator - Leopold Freiherr von Imhof, Land Administrator of Liechtenstein (1914–1918)
Luxembourg –
- Monarch - Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1912–1919)
- Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
Monaco –
- Monarch - Albert I, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
- Head of Government - Émile Flach, Acting Minister of State of Monaco (1911–1917)
Montenegro –
- Monarch - Nicholas I, King of Montenegro (1860–1918)^[4]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Janko Vukotić, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1913–1915)
  2. Milo Matanović, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1915–1916)
Netherlands –
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[5]
- Prime Minister - Pieter Cort van der Linden, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1913–1918)
Norway –
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[5]
- Prime Minister - Gunnar Knudsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1913–1920)
Portugal –
- President - Manuel de Arriaga, President of Portugal (1911–1915)
- Head of Government -
  1. Afonso Costa, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1913–1914)
  2. Bernardino Machado, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1914)
  3. Vítor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1914–1915)
Romania –
- Monarch -
  1. Carol I, King of Romania (1866–1914)
  2. Ferdinand I, King of Romania (1914–1927)
- Premier -
  1. Titu Maiorescu, Prime Minister of Romania (1912–1914)
  2. Ion Brătianu, Prime Minister of Romania (1914–1918)
Russian Empire –
- Emperor - Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia (1894–1917)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Vladimir Kokovtsov, Prime Minister of Russia (1911–1914)
  2. Ivan Goremykin, Prime Minister of Russia (1914–1916)
San Marino –
- Captains Regent -
  1. Cirro Belluzzi and Domenico Suzzi Valli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1913–1914)
  2. Domenico Fattori and Ferruccio Martelli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1914)
  3. Olinto Amati and Cesare Stacchini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1914–1915)
Serbia –
- Monarch - Peter I, King of Serbia (1903–1918)^[6]
- Prime Minister - Nikola Pašić, President of the Ministerial Council of Serbia (1912–1918)
Spain –
- Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
- Prime Minister - Eduardo Dato, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1913–1915)
Sweden –
- Monarch – Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister -
1. Karl Staaff, Prime Minister of Sweden (1911–1914)
2. Hjalmar Hammarskjöld, Prime Minister of Sweden (1914–1917)
Switzerland –
- Federal Council:^[7]
  Eduard Müller (1895–1919), Ludwig Forrer (1902-1917), Arthur Hoffmann (1911–1917, President), Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940), Camille Decoppet (1912–1919), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935), Felix Calonder (1913–1920)
United Kingdom –
- Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Prime Minister - H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1908–1916)

North America

Canada –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor General - Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Governor General of Canada (1911–1916)
- Prime Minister - Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada (1911–1920)
Costa Rica –
- President -
  1. Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (1910–1914)
  2. Alfredo González Flores, President of Costa Rica (1914–1917)
Cuba –
- President - Mario García Menocal, President of Cuba (1913–1921)
Dominican Republic –
- President -
  1. José Bordas Valdez, Provisional President of the Dominican Republic (1913–1914)
  2. Ramón Báez, Provisional President of the Dominican Republic (1914)
  3. Juan Isidro Jimenes, President of the Dominican Republic (1914–1916)
El Salvador –
- President -
  1. Carlos Meléndez, Provisional President of El Salvador (1913–1914)
  2. Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Provisional President of El Salvador (1914–1915)
Guatemala –
- President - Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
Haiti –
- President -
  1. Michel Oreste, President of Haiti (1913–1914)
  2. Oreste Zamor, President of Haiti (1914)
  3. Joseph Davilmar Théodore, President of Haiti (1914–1915)
Honduras –
- President - Francisco Bertrand, President of Honduras (1913–1919)
Mexico –
- President -
  1. Victoriano Huerta, President of Mexico (1913–1914)
  2. Francisco Carvajal, President of Mexico (1914)
  3. Venustiano Carranza, First Chief of Mexico (1914–1920)
Newfoundland –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor - Sir Walter Edward Davidson, Governor of Newfoundland (1913–1917)
- Prime Minister - Sir Edward Patrick Morris, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1909–1917)
Nicaragua –
- President - Adolfo Díaz, President of Nicaragua (1911–1917)
Panama –
- President - Belisario Porras Barahona, President of Panama (1912–1916)
United States –
- President - Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States (1913–1921)

Oceania

Australia –
- Monarch – George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Governor-General -
  1. Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron of Denman, Governor-General of Australia (1911–1914)
  2. Ronald Munro-Ferguson, Governor-General of Australia (1914–1920)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Joseph Cook, Prime Minister of Australia (1913–1914)
  2. Andrew Fisher, Prime Minister of Australia (1914–1915)
New Zealand –
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General - Arthur Foljambe, Earl of Liverpool, Governor-General of New Zealand^[8] (1912–1920)
- Prime Minister - William Massey, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1912–1925)

South America

Argentina –
1. Roque Sáenz Peña, President of Argentina (1910–1914)
2. Victorino de la Plaza, President of Argentina (1914–1916)
Bolivia –
- President - Ismael Montes, President of Bolivia (1913–1917)
Brazil –
1. Hermes da Fonseca, President of Brazil (1910–1914)
2. Venceslau Brás, President of Brazil (1914–1918)
Chile –
- President - Ramón Barros Luco, President of Chile (1910–1915)
Colombia –
1. Carlos Eugenio Restrepo, President of Colombia (1910–1914)
2. José Vicente Concha, President of Colombia (1914–1918)
Ecuador –
- President - Leónidas Plaza, President of Ecuador (1912–1916)
Paraguay –
- President - Eduardo Schaerer, President of Paraguay (1912–1916)
Peru –
1. Guillermo Billinghurst, President of Peru (1912–1914)
2. Óscar R. Benavides, President of Peru (1914–1915)
Uruguay –
- President - José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay (1911–1915)
Venezuela –
1. José Gil Fortoul, President of Venezuela (1913–1914)
2. Victorino Márquez Bustillos, President of Venezuela (1914–1922)

External links

↑ Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.
↑ Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
↑ Bulgaria only became independent in 1908.
↑ Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.
1 2 In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
↑ Arthur Foljambe was titled Governor of New Zealand until 1917.

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[1] Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.

[Saud-2] Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.

[3] Bulgaria only became independent in 1908.

[4] Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.

[In_exile_between_1940_and_1945-5] 1 2 In exile between 1940 and 1945.

[Serbs_1921-6] Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.

[7] The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

[8] Arthur Foljambe was titled Governor of New Zealand until 1917.