List of state leaders in 1912

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1912.

Africa

Ethiopia – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913)
Liberia
- President –
  1. Arthur Barclay, President of Liberia (1904–1912)
  2. Daniel E. Howard, President of Liberia (1912–1920)
South Africa
- Monarch – George V of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Governor-General – Viscount Gladstone (1910–1914)
- Prime Minister – Louis Botha (1910–1919)
Zanzibar – Sayyid Khalifa bin Harub Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1911–1960)

Asia

Emirate of Afghanistan – Habibullah Khan (1901–1919)
China
- Qing dynasty –
  - Emperor – Xuantong Emperor of China (1908–1912)
  - Regent – Empress Dowager Longyu (1911–1912)
  - Prime Minister – Yuan Shih-kai (1911–1912)
  - Qing dynasty is overthrown; Republic of China is established
- Republic of China –
  - President –
    1. Sun Yat-sen, Provisional President of the Republic of China (1912)
    2. Yuan Shih-kai, Provisional President of the Republic of China (1912–1915)
  - Premier –
    1. Tang Shaoyi, Premier of the Republic of China (1912)
    2. Lu Zhengxiang, Premier of the Republic of China (1912)
    3. Zhao Bingjun, Premier of the Republic of China (1912–1913)
Hong Kong
- Monarch – George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Governor-
  1. Lord Frederick Lugard (1907–1912)
  2. Sir Francis Henry May (1912–1918)
Japan
- Monarch –
  1. Meiji, Emperor of Japan (1867–1912)
  2. Taishō, Emperor of Japan (1912–1926)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Saionji Kinmochi, Prime Minister of Japan (1911–1912)
  2. Katsura Taro, Prime Minister of Japan (1912–1913)
Mongolia – Bogd Khan, Khan of Mongolia (1911–1924)
Oman – Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman (1888–1913)

Australia and Oceania

Australia –
- Monarch – George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Governor-General – Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron of Denman (1911–1914)
- Prime Minister – Andrew Fisher (1910–1913)
Tonga
- Monarch – George Tupou II, King of Tonga (1893–1918)
- Prime Minister –
1. S.T.Mateialona, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1905–1912)
2. T.P.Tu'ivakano, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1912–1923)

Europe

Ismail Qemali, Chairman of the Provisional Government(1912–1914)

Andorra
- Co-Princes –
  - French Co-Prince – Armand Fallières, President of France (1906–1913)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Baptista Benlloch i Vivó, Bishop of Urgell (1907–1919)
- First Syndic –
  1. Bonaventura Maestre, First Syndic of Andorra (1911–1912)
  2. Bonaventura Moles, First Syndic of Andorra (1912–1915)
Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
- Prime Minister of Hungary
  1. Count Károly Khuen-Héderváry (1910–1912)
  2. László Lukács (1912–1913)
Belgium
- Monarch – Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
- Cabinet Chief – Charles de Broqueville, Cabinet Chief (1911–1918)
Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch –
  1. Frederick VIII, King of Denmark (1906–1912)
  2. Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
- Prime Minister – Klaus Berntsen (1910–1913)
France –
- President – Armand Fallières (1906–1913)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Joseph Caillaux, President of the Council (1911–1912)
  2. Raymond Poincaré, President of the Council (1912–1913)
German Empire –
- Monarch – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Chancellor – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1909–1917)
- Prussia –
  - Monarch – Wilhelm II, King of Prussia (1888–1918)
  - Minister President – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1909–1917)
- Bavaria –
  - Regent – Ludwig III, Prince Regent of Bavaria (1912–1913)
  - Monarch – Otto, King of Bavaria (1886–1913)
- Saxony – Frederick Augustus III, King of Saxony (1904–1918)
- Württemberg – William II, King of Württemberg (1891–1918)
Greece
- Monarch – George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister – Eleftherios Venizelos (1910–1915)
Italy
- Monarch – Vittorio Emanuele III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister – Giovanni Giolitti (1911–1914)
Luxembourg
- Monarch –
  1. Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1905–25 February 1912)
  2. Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (25 February 1912 – 1919)
- Regent – Marie Anne of Portugal, Regent of Luxembourg (1908–18 June 1912)
- Prime Minister – Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)
Netherlands –
- Monarch – Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers – Theo Heemskerk (1908–1913)
Norway
- Monarch – Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)
- Prime Minister –
1. Wollert Konow, Prime Minister of Norway (1910–1912)
2. Jens Bratlie, Prime Minister of Norway (1912–1913)
Ottoman Empire
- Monarch – Mehmed V, Sultan (1909–1918)
Portugal
- President – Manuel de Arriaga, (1911–1915)
- President of the Ministry –
1. Augusto de Vasconcelos, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1911–1912)
2. Duarte Leite, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1912)
3. Augusto de Vasconcelos, Interim President of the Ministry of Portugal (1912)
4. Duarte Leite, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1912–1913)
Russian Empire
- Monarch – Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia (1894–1917)
Kingdom of Spain
- Monarch – Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
- Prime Minister –
1. José Canalejas Méndez, President of the Government (1910–1912)
2. Álvaro Figueroa Torres, President of the Government (1912–1913)
Sweden
- Monarch – Gustaf V (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister – Karl Staaff (1911–1914)
United Kingdom –
- Monarch – George V (1910–1936)
- Prime Minister – Herbert Henry Asquith (1908–1916)

North America and the Caribbean

Canada
- Monarch – George V of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Governor-General – HRH the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1911–1916)
- Prime Minister – Sir Robert Borden (1911–1920)
Costa Rica – Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (1910–1914)
Cuba – José Miguel Gómez, President of Cuba (1909–1913)
México – Francisco Madero, President of Mexico (1911–1913)
Newfoundland
- Monarch – George V of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Governor – Ralph Champneys Williams, Governor of Newfoundland (1909–1913)
- Prime Minister – Edward Patrick Morris (1909–1917)
United States – William Howard Taft, President of the United States (1909–1913)

South America

Argentina: Roque Sáenz Peña, President of Argentina (1910–1914)
Brazil: Hermes da Fonseca, President of Brazil (1910–1914)
Chile: Ramón Barros Luco, President of Chile (1910–1915)
Colombia: Carlos Eugenio Restrepo, President of Colombia (1910–1914)
Paraguay:
1. Pedro Peña, President of Paraguay (1912)
2. Emiliano González Navero, Provisional President of Paraguay (1912)
3. Eduardo Schaerer, President of Paraguay (1912–1916)
Peru:
1. Augusto B. Leguía, President of Peru (1908–1912)
2. Guillermo Billinghurst, President of Peru (1912–1914)
Uruguay – José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay (1911–1915)
Venezuela: Juan Vicente Gómez, President of Venezuela (1908–1914)

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