List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
This is a list of major perpetrators of the Holocaust.
Name | Photograph | Date of birth | Date of death | Age at death | Role | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adolf Hitler | April 20, 1889 | April 30, 1945 | 56 years, 10 days | Leader of the Nazi Party during the Third Reich | Committed suicide by gunshot[1][2] | |
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler | October 7, 1900 | May 23, 1945 | 44 years, 228 days | Reichsführer-SS Chief of German Police |
Arrested; committed suicide by biting down on a cyanide capsule | |
Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich | March 7, 1904 | June 4, 1942 | 38 years, 89 days | Chief of the Reich Main Security Office Deputy Reich-Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (acting Protector) |
Assassinated in Operation Anthropoid | |
Otto Adolf Eichmann | March 19, 1906 | May 31, 1962 | 56 years, 73 days | Head of the Gestapo Office of Jewish Affairs (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4). Charged by Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the mass deportations of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in Eastern Europe. | Evaded arrest after the war and escaped to Argentina in 1950. Discovered and kidnapped by Israeli agents in May 1960; subsequently brought to Israel, tried and executed by hanging in June 1962. | |
Hermann Wilhelm Göring | January 12, 1893 | October 15, 1946 | 53 years, 276 days | Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe President of the Reichstag Reichsminister of Aviation |
Sentenced to death by hanging; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning | |
Heinrich Müller | April 28, 1900 | SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei, Chief of the Gestapo 1939–1945 | Disappeared; possibly killed in Berlin during May 1945 (unconfirmed) | |||
Odilo Globocnik | April 21, 1904 | May 31, 1945 | 41 years, 40 days | SS and Police Leader in the General Government Head of Operation Reinhard |
Committed suicide by cyanide poisoning | |
Theodor Eicke | October 17, 1892 | February 26, 1943 | 50 years, 132 days | A major figure in the creation of the Nazi concentration camps First commander of SS Division Totenkopf, which became notorious for its war crimes. |
Killed in action | |
Richard Glücks | April 22, 1889 | May 10, 1945 | 56 years, 18 days | Head of Concentration Camp Operations (Amt D: Konzentrationslagerwesen) in the SS Main Economic and Administrative Department (SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt) | Committed suicide by cyanide poisoning | |
Ernst Kaltenbrunner | October 4, 1903 | October 16, 1946 | 43 years, 12 days | Chief of the Reich Main Security Office after Heydrich was assassinated President of Interpol |
Executed by hanging | |
Paul Joseph Goebbels | October 29, 1897 | May 1, 1945 | 47 years, 184 days | Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
High-ranking Nazi Party member |
Committed suicide by gunshot | |
Hans Michael Frank | May 23, 1900 | October 16, 1946 | 46 years, 146 days | Governor-General of the General Government | Executed by hanging | |
Arthur Seyss-Inquart | July 22, 1892 | October 16, 1946 | 54 years, 86 days | Ruler of the Netherlands after its conquest, and effectively deputy to Hans Frank in occupied Poland | Executed by hanging | |
Kurt Daluege | September 15, 1897 | October 24, 1946 | 49 years, 39 days | Chief of the Ordnungspolizei Deputy Reich-Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (acting Protector) |
Executed by hanging | |
Hans Günther | August 22, 1910 | May 5, 1945 | 34 years, 256 days | Elder brother of Rolf Günther; head of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Prague (1939–1945). Directly in charge of the Final Solution in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia |
Killed by Czech partisans during the Prague Uprising | |
Rolf Günther | January 8, 1913 | August 15, 1945 | 32 years, 219 days | First deputy to Adolf Eichmann in the Gestapo Office of Jewish Affairs and head of the "Emigration Section" (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4-a). Direct overseer of the deportations of Jews to concentration camps; personally oversaw the deportations of Greek Jews. Chief of Security Police and SD in Vienna (1943–1944) and in Prague (1944–1945) |
Taken into American custody in May 1945; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning in August 1945. | |
Franz Novak | January 10, 1913 | October 21, 1983 | 70 years, 284 days | Deputy to Adolf Eichmann in the Office of Jewish Affairs; logistics and timetable coordinator for railway deportations of Jews under Rolf Günther (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4-a-"Transport"). | Arrested in 1961; tried and acquitted in 1964 and 1966. Sentenced to 9 years in 1969; verdict reduced to 7 years in 1972; pardoned by the President of Austria with credit for time served. | |
Oswald Ludwig Pohl | June 30, 1892 | June 8, 1951 | 58 years, 343 days | Chief of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt (SS Main Economic and Administrative Department), the central SS financial office responsible for overall administration of the concentration camps. | Executed by hanging | |
Arthur Greiser | January 22, 1897 | July 21, 1946 | 49 years, 180 days | Gauleiter of Wartheland; active participant in organising the Holocaust in Poland | Executed by hanging | |
Alois Brunner | April 8, 1912 | c. 2010 | c. 98 | Deputy to Adolf Eichmann; organised the deportations of at least 140,000 Jews from France, Greece, Slovakia and Austria. Commandant of the Drancy internment camp | Escaped to Egypt around 1954, then fled to Syria. Served as a consultant to the al-Assad regime on torture techniques; died in Syria of natural causes around 2010. | |
Theodor Dannecker | March 27, 1913 | December 10, 1945 | 32 years, 258 days | Deputy to Adolf Eichmann; Head of the SD Hauptamt – Judenreferat (SD Head Office – Jewish Affairs Department) for Paris: September 1940 – July 1942 In charge of the Final Solution in Bulgaria, the Balkans and Hungary (from 1943) |
Arrested by the U.S. military; committed suicide | |
Martin Ludwig Bormann | June 17, 1900 | May 2, 1945 | 44 years, 319 days | Head of the Nazi Party Chancellery
Private Secretary to Adolf Hitler |
Sentenced to death by hanging in absentia; believed to have committed suicide to avoid capture in Berlin; the buried body was not found until 1972; the remains were conclusively identified in 1998.[3][4] | |
Alfred Ernst Rosenberg | January 12, 1893 | October 16, 1946 | 53 years, 277 days | Nazi theoretician and head of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories | Executed by hanging | |
Rudolf Hermann Brandt | June 2, 1909 | June 2, 1948 | 39 years, 0 days | Chief of the Ministerial Office of the Reich Ministry of the Interior and personal deputy of administration to Heinrich Himmler | Executed by hanging | |
Roland Freisler | October 30, 1893 | February 3, 1945 | 51 years, 96 days | Prominent lawyer/judge and State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice and President of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) in Nazi Germany. Between 1942 and 1945, more than 5,000 death sentences were handed out, and of these, 2,600 through the court's First Senate, which Freisler headed | Killed during an Allied bombing raid | |
Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel | September 22, 1882 | October 16, 1946 | 64 years, 24 days | Minister of War and chief of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces | Executed by hanging | |
Hermann Julius "Hans" Höfle | June 19, 1911 | August 20, 1962 | 51 years, 62 days | Coordinator of Operation Reinhard | Arrested; committed suicide by hanging | |
Richard Wolfgang Thomalla | October 23, 1903 | May 12, 1945 | 41 years, 201 days | Head of extermination camp construction during Operation Reinhard | Executed by the NKVD (presumed) | |
Erwin Hermann Lambert | December 7, 1909 | October 15, 1976 | 66 years, 313 days | Head of gas chamber construction during Operation Reinhard | Arrested but acquitted | |
Karl Steubl | October 25, 1910 | September 21, 1945 | 34 years, 331 days | Commander of transportation units during Operation Reinhard | Arrested; committed suicide | |
Karl Bischoff | August 9, 1897 | October 2, 1950 | 53 years, 54 days | Head of extermination camp construction at Auschwitz II-Birkenau | Died without being suspected of a crime | |
Christian Wirth | November 24, 1885 | May 26, 1944 | 58 years, 184 days | Inspector of Action T4 and Operation Reinhard;
Commandant of Bełżec, March 17, 1942—end of August 1942 (1/2) |
Assassinated | |
Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Höss | November 25, 1900 | April 16, 1947 | 46 years, 142 days | Commandant of Auschwitz, May 4, 1940—December 1, 1943, May 8, 1944—January 18, 1945 (1/2) | Executed by hanging | |
Arthur Liebehenschel | November 25, 1901 | January 28, 1948 | 46 years, 64 days | Commandant of Auschwitz, December 1, 1943—May 8, 1944 (2/2);
Commandant of Majdanek, May 19, 1944—July 22, 1944 (5/5) |
Executed by hanging | |
Martin Gottfried Weiss | June 3, 1905 | May 29, 1946 | 40 years, 360 days | Commandant of Dachau, January 3, 1942—September 30, 1943 (8/12) Commandant of Dachau, April 26, 1945—April 28, 1945 (10/12) |
Executed by hanging | |
Irmfried Eberl | September 8, 1910 | February 16, 1948 | 37 years, 161 days | Commandant of Treblinka, July 11, 1942—August 26, 1942 (1/3) | Arrested; committed suicide by hanging | |
Hans Bothmann | November 11, 1911 | April 4, 1946 | 34 years, 144 days | Commandant of Chelmno, April 1942—July 1944 (2/2) | Arrested by the British Army; committed suicide by hanging | |
Herbert Lange | September 29, 1909 | April 20, 1945 | 35 years, 203 days | Commandant of Chelmno, December 1941—March 1942 (1/2) | Killed in action during the Battle of Berlin | |
Franz Paul Stangl | March 26, 1908 | June 28, 1971 | 63 years, 94 days | Commandant of Sobibór, April 28, 1942—August 30, 1942 (1/2);
Commandant of Treblinka, September 1, 1942—August 1943 (2/3) |
Arrested on February 28, 1967; sentenced to life imprisonment on October 22, 1970; died in prison | |
Kurt Hubert Franz | January 17, 1914 | July 4, 1998 | 84 years, 168 days | Commandant of Treblinka, August 1943—October 19, 1943 (3/3) | Arrested on December 2, 1959; sentenced to life imprisonment in 1965; released on health grounds in 1993 | |
Franz Karl Reichleitner | December 2, 1906 | January 3, 1944 | 37 years, 32 days | Commandant of Sobibór, September 1, 1942—October 17, 1943 (2/2) | Assassinated | |
Gottlieb Hering | June 2, 1887 | October 9, 1945 | 58 years, 129 days | Commandant of Bełżec, end of August 1942—June 1943 (2/2) | Died of mysterious health complications | |
Amon Leopold Goeth | December 11, 1908 | September 13, 1946 | 37 years, 276 days | Commandant of Kraków-Płaszów (1/1) | Executed by hanging | |
Dr. Josef Mengele | March 16, 1911 | February 7, 1979 | 67 years, 328 days | Human medical experimentation, particularly children, and selection of prisoners to be gassed at Auschwitz | Escaped to Brazil; evaded arrest and died in 1979 | |
Karl Hermann Frank | January 24, 1898 | May 22, 1946 | 48 years, 118 days | Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) and State Minister for Bohemia and Moravia | Executed by hanging | |
Hanns Albin Rauter | February 4, 1895 | March 24, 1949 | 54 years, 48 days | Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for the Netherlands | Executed by firing squad | |
Carl Oberg | January 27, 1897 | June 3, 1965 | 68 years, 127 days | SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for Radom (August 1941 – May 1942) Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for France (May 1942 – November 1944). Supreme German authority in France for anti-Jewish and anti-Resistance operations |
Sentenced to death – 1946, transferred to French custody and sentenced to death – 1954, commuted to life imprisonment in 1958, released November 1962 | |
Walter Rauff | June 19, 1906 | May 14, 1984 | 77 years, 330 days | Close aide of Reinhard Heydrich. Group Leader II D of the RSHA (technical matters). Designed gas vans to poison Jews, and persons with disabilities. Einsatzkommando leader in North Africa (1942-1943), SS and Gestapo commander in northwest Italy (1943-1945). | Arrested in Italy in 1945; escaped in 1946, fled to Syria in 1948, to Ecuador in 1949, to Chile in 1958. Extradition request by Germany thrown out by Chile in 1963 on the grounds of expired statute of limitations. Most wanted Nazi fugitive in the 1970s and 1980s. Died of natural causes in Chile in 1984. | |
Dr. Eduard Wirths | September 4, 1909 | September 20, 1945 | 36 years, 16 days | Human medical experimentation, and formal responsibility of medical staff at Auschwitz | Arrested; committed suicide by hanging | |
Dr. Horst Schumann | May 1, 1906 | May 5, 1983 | 77 years, 4 days | Human medical experimentation at Auschwitz | Arrested in 1966; released on health grounds on July 29, 1972 | |
Dr. Carl Clauberg | September 28, 1898 | August 9, 1957 | 58 years, 315 days | Human medical experimentation at Auschwitz | Sentenced to 25 years imprisonment in 1948; released in 1955; re-arrested in West Germany, but died of a heart attack before being tried | |
Viktor Hermann Brack | November 9, 1904 | June 2, 1948 | 43 years, 206 days | Action T4;
Human medical experimentation |
Executed by hanging | |
Dr. Karl Franz Gebhardt | November 23, 1897 | June 2, 1948 | 50 years, 192 days | Director of the German Red Cross and personal physician to Heinrich Himmler. Oversaw human medical experimentation of concentration camp inmates. | Executed by hanging | |
Dr. Fritz Klein | November 24, 1888 | December 13, 1945 | 57 years, 19 days | Selection of prisoners to be gassed at Auschwitz | Executed by hanging | |
Dr. Karl Brandt | January 8, 1904 | June 2, 1948 | 44 years, 146 days | Co-director of Action T4 Conducted human medical experimentation |
Executed by hanging | |
Philipp Bouhler | September 11, 1899 | May 19, 1945 | 45 years, 250 days | Director of Action T4 | Arrested; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning | |
Josef Kramer | November 10, 1906 | December 13, 1945 | 39 years, 33 days | Deputy commandant of Auschwitz
Commandant of Bergen-Belsen |
Executed by hanging | |
Hans Aumeier | August 20, 1906 | January 28, 1948 | 41 years, 161 days | Deputy commandant of Auschwitz | Executed by hanging | |
Franz Hössler | February 4, 1906 | December 13, 1945 | 39 years, 312 days | Deputy commandant of Auschwitz | Executed by hanging | |
Karl Fritzsch | July 10, 1903 | May 2, 1945? | 41 years, 296 days? | Deputy commandant of Auschwitz | Disappeared in May 1945; fate uncertain | |
Maximilian Grabner | October 2, 1905 | January 28, 1948 | 42 years, 118 days | Gestapo command (torture of prisoners) at Auschwitz | Executed by hanging | |
Heinrich Arthur Matthes | January 11, 1902 | Deceased | Deputy commandant of Treblinka | Arrested in 1964; sentenced to life imprisonment on September 3, 1965 | ||
Josef Kaspar Oberhauser | January 21, 1915 | November 22, 1979 | 64 years, 305 days | Deputy commandant of Bełżec | Sentenced to 15 years in prison; released early on 28 April 1956 | |
Lorenz Marie Hackenholt | June 25, 1914 | December 31, 1945 | 31 years, 189 days | Gas chamber construction and executioner of Bełżec and other camps during Operation Reinhard | Declared legally dead | |
Wilhelm Harster | July 21, 1904 | December 25, 1991 | 87 years, 157 days | Commander of the Security Police (SiPo) and SD (Krakow, 1939-1940; Netherlands, 1940-1943; Italy, 1943-1945). Responsible for the deaths of at least 104,000 Jews. | Arrested by British forces in 1945. Transferred to Dutch custody in 1947. Tried and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment by a Dutch court in 1949; served six years and deported to West Germany in 1955. Initially classified as a "minor offender" by West Germany; arrested and tried by a Munich court in 1967, following a new investigation. Sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, but sentence subsequently commuted to time served. Released in 1969. | |
Johann Niemann | August 4, 1913 | October 14, 1943 | 30 years, 71 days | Deputy commandant of Bełżec and Sobibór | Assassinated during Sobibór revolt | |
Gustav Franz Wagner | July 18, 1911 | October 3, 1980 | 69 years, 77 days | Deputy commandant of Sobibór | Sentenced to death by hanging in absentia; evaded arrest for 35 years until found dead, believed to have committed suicide by stabbing | |
Karl August Wilhelm Frenzel | August 28, 1911 | September 2, 1996 | 85 years, 5 days | Commandant of Camp I (forced labor camp) at Sobibór | Arrested on March 22, 1962; sentenced to life imprisonment on December 20, 1966; released on health grounds in 1982 | |
Hermann Michel | April 23, 1912 | Deputy commandant of Sobibór | Evaded arrest; whereabouts unknown | |||
Hermann Erich Bauer | March 26, 1900 | February 4, 1980 | 79 years, 315 days | Gas chamber executioner of Sobibór | Sentenced to death by hanging; commuted to life imprisonment; died in prison | |
Heinz Kurt Bolender | May 21, 1912 | October 10, 1966 | 54 years, 142 days | Gas chamber executioner of Sobibór | Arrested in May 1961; committed suicide by hanging | |
Jürgen Stroop | September 26, 1895 | March 6, 1952 | 56 years, 162 days | Suppression and destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising | Executed by hanging | |
Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger | February 27, 1894 | May 9, 1945 | 51 years, 71 days | SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland | Committed suicide | |
Bruno Heinrich Streckenbach | February 7, 1902 | October 28, 1977 | 75 years, 263 days | Trained the Einsatzgruppen; commander of Einsatzgruppe I in Poland | Sentenced to 25 years imprisonment in 1952; released on October 10, 1955 | |
Friedrich August Jeckeln | February 2, 1895 | February 3, 1946 | 51 years, 1 day | Responsible for Rumbula, Babi Yar, and Kamianets-Podilskyi massacres | Executed by hanging | |
Franz Walter Stahlecker | October 10, 1900 | March 23, 1942 | 41 years, 164 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, June 22, 1941–March 23, 1942 (1/5) | Killed in action | |
Heinz Jost | July 9, 1904 | November 12, 1964 | 60 years, 126 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, March 29, 1942–September 2, 1942 (2/5) | Sentenced to life imprisonment in 1945; commuted to 10 years; released in 1951 | |
Humbert Achamer-Pifrader | November 21, 1900 | April 25, 1945 | 44 years, 155 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, September 10, 1942–September 4, 1943 (3/5) | Killed in air raid | |
Friedrich Panzinger | February 1, 1903 | August 8, 1959 | 56 years, 188 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, September 5, 1943–May 6, 1944 (4/5) Chief of the Kripo (2/2) |
Arrested; committed suicide | |
Wilhelm Fuchs | September 1, 1898 | January 24, 1947 | 48 years, 145 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, May 6, 1944–October 10, 1944 (5/5);
Commander of Einsatzkommando 3, September 15, 1943–May 27, 1944 |
Executed | |
Eduard Strauch | August 17, 1906 | September 15, 1955 | 49 years, 29 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 2, Latvia (Rumbula), November 4, 1941–December 2, 1941;
Commander of Sonderkommando 1b, March 1942–August 1942 |
Sentenced to death by hanging in 1948; died in prison | |
Rudolf Lange | April 18, 1910 | February 23, 1945 | 34 years, 311 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 2, Latvia, December 3, 1941–1944 | Believed to have been killed in action | |
Karl Jäger | September 20, 1888 | June 22, 1959 | 70 years, 275 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 3, Lithuania, June 1941–August 1, 1943 | Discovered and arrested in 1959; committed suicide | |
Hermann Schaper | August 12, 1911 | deceased after 2002 | over 90 years | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Poland | Arrested in 1964; released due to insufficient evidence | |
Arthur Nebe | November 13, 1894 | March 21, 1945 | 50 years, 128 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, June 1941–November 1941 (1/5) Chief of the Kripo (1/2) President of Interpol |
Executed by Nazi Germany for involvement in the failed 20 July 1944 attempt to kill Adolf Hitler | |
Erich Naumann | April 29, 1905 | June 8, 1951 | 46 years, 40 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, November 1941–March 1943 (2/5) | Executed by hanging | |
Horst Böhme | August 24, 1909 | April 10, 1945 | 35 years, 229 days | Lidice Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, March 12, 1943–August 28, 1943, August 12, 1944 (3/5); Commander of Einsatzgruppe C, north and central Ukraine, September 6, 1943–March 1944 (3/3) |
Presumed killed in action in Königsberg, East Prussia; officially declared dead in 1954 | |
Erich Ehrlinger | October 14, 1910 | July 31, 2004 | 93 years, 291 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, August 28, 1943–April 1944 (4/5);
Commander of Sonderkommando 1b, June 1941–November 1941 |
Arrested in December 1958; sentenced to 12 years imprisonment | |
Heinrich Otto Seetzen | June 22, 1906 | September 28, 1945 | 39 years, 98 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, April 28, 1944–August 1944 (5/5);
Commander of Einsatzkommando 10a, Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea, and north Caucasus, June 1941–July 1942 |
Arrested in September 1945; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning. | |
Otto Bradfisch | May 10, 1903 | June 22, 1994 | 91 years, 43 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 8, Belarus, June 1941–April 1, 1942 | Arrested on April 21, 1958; sentenced to 13 years imprisonment in 1963 | |
Emil Otto Rasch | December 7, 1891 | November 1, 1948 | 56 years, 330 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe C, north and central Ukraine, June 1941–October 1941 (1/3) | Arrested; removed from trial on health grounds; died in prison | |
Max Thomas | August 4, 1891 | December 6, 1945 | 54 years, 124 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe C, north and central Ukraine, October 1941–April 29, 1943 (2/3) | Committed suicide | |
Paul Blobel | August 13, 1894 | June 8, 1951 | 56 years, 299 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 4a, Ukraine (Babi Yar), June 1941–January 13, 1942;
Director of Sonderaktion 1005 |
Executed by hanging | |
Otto Ohlendorf | February 4, 1907 | June 8, 1951 | 44 years, 124 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe D, Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea, and north Caucasus, June 1941–July 1942 (1/2) | Executed by hanging | |
Walther Bierkamp | December 17, 1901 | May 15, 1945 | 43 years, 149 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe D, Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea, and north Caucasus, July 1942–March 1943 (2/2) | Committed suicide | |
Werner Braune | April 11, 1909 | June 8, 1951 | 42 years, 58 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 11b, south Ukraine and the Crimea, October 1941–September 1942 | Executed by hanging | |
Maria Mandel | January 10, 1912 | January 24, 1948 | 36 years, 14 days | Commandant of female camp at Auschwitz | Executed by hanging | |
Irma Ida Ilse Grese | October 7, 1924 | December 13, 1945 | 21 years, 67 days | Warden of the women's section of Bergen-Belsen, and later Auschwitz | Executed by hanging |