List of victims of Nazism
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Jews on selection ramp at Auschwitz, May 1944 | ||||||||||
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Camps
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This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements. Many on the lists below were of Jewish and Polish origin, although Soviet POWs, Serbs, Catholics, Roma and dissidents were also murdered. This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, lost their lives as victims of the Nazi regime. It includes those whose deaths were part of the Holocaust as well as individuals who died in other ways at the hands of the Nazis during World War II. Those who died in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the Nazi Party or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.
The list is sorted by occupation and by nationality.
Performance art
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hana Brady | 1931–1944 | Czech | Portrayed in Hana's Suitcase: A True Story | Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp |
René Blum | 1878–1942 | French | Founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo | ? |
Arthur Bergen | 1875-1943 | Austrian | Actor, director | Auschwitz concentration camp |
Egon Friedell | 1878–1938 | Austrian | Actor, cabaret performer | Suicide to avoid arrest by Sturmabteilung |
Eugen Burg | 1871–1944 | German | Film actor | Died at an unknown concentration camp |
Ernst Arndt | 1861-1942/3 | German | Actor | gas chamber at Treblinka concentration camp |
Maria Bard | 1900–1944 | German | Actress | Suicide in Berlin for "political reasons" |
Lea Deutsch | 1927–1943 | Croatian | Child actress | Heart failure en route to the Auschwitz concentration camp |
Max Ehrlich | 1892–1944 | German | Actor, screenwriter, director, best-selling author | Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp |
Maria Forescu | 1875–1943 | Austro-Hungarian | Opera singer and actress | Buchenwald concentration camp |
Lisl Frank | 1911–1944 | Czech | Dancer, cabaret singer | Forced death march from Auschwitz to Christianstadt |
Kurt Gerron | 1897–1944 | German | Performer, actor, film director | Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp |
Dora Gerson | 1899–1943 | German | Actress, cabaret singer | Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp |
John Gottowt | 1881–1942 | Austro-Hungarian | Actor | Murdered by SS in Wieliczka |
Joachim Gottschalk | 1904–1941 | German | Actor | Suicide in Berlin to avoid arrest |
Leslie Howard | 1893–1943 | British | Actor | airplane shot down by Luftwaffe |
Georg John | 1879–1941 | German | Actor | Łódź Ghetto |
Salomon Meyer Kannewasser | 1916-1945 | Dutch | Jazz singer. Part of the duo 'Johnny & Jones' | Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen |
Paul Morgan | 1886-1938 | Austrian | Actor, cabaret performer | Buchenwald concentration camp |
Bernard Natan | 1886–1942 | Franco-Romanian | Film director, actor and former head of Pathé Film Studios | ? |
Joseph Schmidt | 1904–1942 | Ukrainian | Singer, actor | Heart attack in a Swiss refugee camp in Gyrenbad |
Fritz Spira | 1881–1943 | Austrian | Film and stage actor | Died at Ruma concentration camp in Vojvodina |
Mathilde Sussin | 1876-1943 | Austrian | Actress | Theresienstadt concentration camp |
Arnold Siméon van Wesel | 1918-1945 | Dutch | Jazz singer. Part of the duo 'Johnny & Jones' | Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen |
Miklós Vig | 1898–1944 | Hungarian | Singer, actor, comedian, theater secretary | Shot in Budapest by members of the Arrow Cross |
Karel Hašler | 1879–1941 | Czech | Songwriter-lyricist, film and theatre director, actor, dramatist and screenwriter | Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp |
Otto Wallburg | 1899-1944 | German | Actor and cabaret performer | Auschwitz concentration camp |
Max Zilzer | 1868-1943 | Hungarian-German | Actor | Died under interrogation by the Gestapo |
Literature and publishing
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Else Feldmann | 1884–1942 | Austrian | writer and journalist | gas chamber at Sobibór |
Anne Frank | 1929–1945 | German/Netherlands/Dutch | author of a published diary | typhus at Bergen-Belsen |
Egon Friedell | 1878–1938 | Austrian | writer and philosopher | suicide to avoid deportation |
Peter Hammerschlag | 1902–1942, Auschwitz | Austrian | writer and graphic artist | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
Lidia Zamenhof | 1904–1942 | Polish | work for Esperanto movement, as well as translations of Bahá'í writings | gas chamber at Treblinka |
Jura Soyfer | 1912–1939 | Austrian | journalist, writer | typhus at Buchenwald |
Itzhak Katzenelson | 1886–1944 | Belarusian | teacher, writer | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Petr Ginz | 1928–1944, aged 16 | Czech | editor of Vedem | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Julius Fučík | 1903–1943 | Czech | resistance leader | hanged at Plötzensee Prison |
Milena Jesenská | 1896–1944, Ravensbrück | Czech | journalist | kidney failure |
Paul Kornfeld | 1889–1942 | Czech | writer | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
Karel Poláček | 1892–1944 | Czech | writer | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Vladislav Vančura | 1891–1942, Prague | Czech | writer, doctor | execution |
Etty Hillesum | 1914–1943, Auschwitz | Dutch | writer, diary author | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
Helga Deen | 1925–1943 | Dutch | author of a published diary | gas chamber at Sobibór |
Hélène Berr | 1921–1945 | French | author of a published diary | died in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp |
Jacques Decour | 1910–1942 | French | writer, resistance leader | executed by firing squad |
Robert Desnos | 1900–1945 | French | poet, resistance fighter | typhoid few weeks after the liberation of Theresienstadt concentration camp |
Benjamin Fondane | 1898–1944 | French | poet, literary critic | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Régis Messac | 1893–1945 | French | writer | died at either the Groß-Rosen or Dora concentration camp |
Walter Benjamin | 1892–1940 | German | literary critic and philosopher | suicide at Portbou to avoid deportation |
Felix Fechenbach | 1894–1933 | German | journalist and activist | executed during the deportation to Dachau |
Walter Hasenclever | 1890–1940 | German | expressionist writer | suicide to avoid deportation |
Jakob van Hoddis | 1887–1942 | German | writer | gas chamber at Sobibór |
Jochen Klepper | 1903–1942 | German | writer | suicide in Berlin |
Erich Knauf | 1895–1944 | German | journalist, poet | beheaded at Brandenburg-Görden Prison |
Clementine Krämer | 1873–1942 | German | author, poet, social worker | died at Theresienstadt |
Adam Kuckhoff | 1887–1943 | German | writer, dramatist, Resistance fighter | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
Erich Mühsam | 1878–1934 | German | writer, anarchist | executed at Plötzensee Prison |
Willi Münzenberg | 1889–1940 | German | publisher, politician | murdered at Oranienburg concentration camp |
Friedrich Münzer | 1868–1942 | German | philologist | enteritis at Theresienstadt |
Carl von Ossietzky | 1889–1938 | German | journalist, Nobel Peace Prize winner | tuberculosis |
Erich Salomon | 1886–1944 | German | photojournalist | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
Libertas Schulze-Boysen | 1913–1942 | German | film critic, resistance fighter | executed at Plötzensee Prison |
Miklós Radnóti | 1909–1944 | Hungarian | poet | shot into a mass grave near Abda, Hungary |
Antal Szerb | 1901–1945 | Hungarian | writer, literary scholar | beaten to death in a concentration camp in Balf |
Mordechai Gebirtig | 1877–1942 | Polish | Yiddish poet, musician and composer | shot dead in the Krakow Ghetto |
Bruno Schulz | 1892–1942 | Polish | writer | shot dead in the ghetto at Drohobycz |
Willi Schmid | d. 1934 | German | music critic | accidental victim of the Night of the Long Knives in a case of mistaken identity |
Elena Shirman | 1908-1942 | Russian | poet | beaten to death in Rostov Oblast, Russia |
Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger | 1924–1942 | Romanian | writer | typhus at the Mikhailovska labor camp in rural Ukraine |
David Vogel | 1891–1944 | Russian | Hebrew writer | tuberculosis at a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp |
Anton de Kom | 1898–1945, Neuengamme | Surinamese | author, human rights activist | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
Irène Némirovsky | 1903–1942 | Ukrainian-French | writer | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Else Ury | 1877–1943 | German | writer | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Visual arts and design
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Friedl Dicker-Brandeis | 1896–1944 | Austrian | artist | gas chamber in Auschwitz |
Josef Čapek | 1887–1945 | Czech | painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer | typhoid fever at Bergen-Belsen |
Samuel J. de Mesquita | 1868–1944 | Dutch | painter and designer | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Abraham Icek Tuschinski | 1886–1942, Auschwitz | Dutch | designer of the Tuschinski Theater | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Max Jacob | 1876–1944 | French | artist | pneumonia at Drancy |
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner | 1880–1938 Davos | German | painter | suicide due to persecution |
Julius Klinger | 1876–1942 | Austrian | artist/designer | |
Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler | 1899–1940 | German | painter | Aktion T4 victim at Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre |
Felix Nussbaum | 1904–1944 | Austrian | painter | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Charlotte Salomon | 1917–1943 | German | painter | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Jan Rubczak | 1884–1942 | Polish | painter, graphic artist | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Music
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pavel Haas | 1899–1944 | Czech | composer | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Heinz Alt | 1922–1945 | German | composer | Dachau |
Ernst Bachrich | 1892–1942 | Austrian | composer | Majdanek/Lublin concentration camp |
Žiga Hirschler | 1894–1941 | Croatian | composer | Jasenovac concentration camp |
Rudolf Karel | 1880–1945 | Czech | composer | dysentery at Theresienstadt |
Gideon Klein | 1919–1945 | Czech | composer | killed during liquidation of Fürstengrube, a sub-camp of Auschwitz |
Hans Krása | 1899–1944, | Czech (Bohemian) | composer | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Mario Finzi | 1913–1945 | Italian | pianist | intestinal infection at Auschwitz shortly after liberation |
Leon Jessel | 1871–1942, Berlin | German | composer | torture by Gestapo |
Erwin Schulhoff | 1894–1942 | Czech | composer, jazz pianist | tuberculosis at Wülzburg concentration camp |
Viktor Ullmann | 1898–1944 | Czech | composer, pianist | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Karlrobert Kreiten | 1916–1943 | German | pianist | hanged at Plötzensee Prison |
Alma Rosé | 1906–1944 | Austrian | violinist, conductor | possibly poisoning, at Auschwitz |
Józef Koffler | 1896–1944, Krosno | Polish | composer, teacher, columnist | probably shot by Einsatzgruppen |
Leo Smit | 1900–1943 | Dutch | composer | gas chamber at Sobibór |
Marcel Tyberg | 1893–1944 | Austrian | composer, pianist, conductor | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Leone Sinigaglia | 1868–1944 | Italian | composer | suffered a fatal heart attack at the moment of his arrest |
Gershon Sirota | 1874–1943 | Polish | cantor, tenor | killed in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
Ilse Weber | 1903–1944 | Czech | composer, playwright | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Humanities
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mildred Harnack | 1902–1943 | American | literary historian, translator, resistance fighter | beheaded at Plötzensee Prison |
Elise Richter | 1865–1943 | Austrian | Romance philology professor | |
Simon Dubnow | 1860–1941 | Belarusian | historian, writer, activist | killed at the Riga ghetto during the Rumbula massacre |
Norbert Jokl | 1877–1942, Roßau (?) | Czech | Albanologist | |
Marc Bloch | 1886–1944 | French | historian, resistance leader | tortured and shot by Gestapo at Saint-Didier-de-Formans |
Valentin Feldman | 1909–1942 | French | philosopher, resistance leader | executed by firing squad |
Jean Gosset | 1912–1944 | French | journalist, resistance fighter | died in Neuengamme concentration camp |
Georges Politzer | 1902–1942 | French | philosopher, resistance leader | executed by firing squad |
Boris Vildé | 1908–1942 | French | ethnographer, resistance fighter | executed by firing squad |
Avgust Pirjevec | 1887–1944 | Slovenian | literary historian | |
Walter Benjamin | 1892–1940 | German | philosopher | suicide at Portbou to avoid deportation |
Friedrich Münzer | 1868–1942, Theresienstadt | German | classical scholar |
Mathematics
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Georg Alexander Pick[1] | 1859–1942 | Austrian | Pick's theorem | Theresienstadt |
Jean Cavaillès | 1903–1944 | French | philosopher of science, resistance leader | executed by firing squad |
Albert Lautman | 1908–1944 | French | mathematical philosopher, resistance leader | executed by firing squad |
Otto Blumenthal[2] | 1876–1944 | German | Work in number theory, editor of Mathematische Annalen | Theresienstadt |
Felix Hausdorff[3] | 1868–1942 | German | One of the founders of modern topology and contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis. | suicide, Bonn |
Friedrich Hartogs | 1874–1943 | German | Foundational work in several complex variables | suicide, Großhesselohe |
Robert Remak | 1888–1942 | German | Work in group theory, number theory, mathematical economics | Auschwitz |
Adolf Lindenbaum | 1904–1941 | Polish | Work in set theory | Ghetto Vilnius |
Antoni Łomnicki | 1881–1941 | Polish | Polish mathematician | Massacre of Lwów |
Stanisław Ruziewicz | 1889–1941 | Polish | Ruziewicz problem | Massacre of Lwów |
Stanisław Saks | 1897–1942 | Polish | Work in measure theory | murdered in prison by the Gestapo, Warsaw |
Juliusz Schauder | 1899–1943 | Polish | Schauder fixed point theorem, Schauder basis | executed by the Gestapo, Lviv |
Włodzimierz Stożek | 1883–1941 | Polish | Polish mathematician | Massacre of Lwów |
Alfred Tauber | 1866–1942 | Slovak | Tauberian theorems | Theresienstadt |
Natural sciences
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ernst Cohen | 1869–1944 | Dutch | chemist, work on the allotropy of metals | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Medicine and psychology
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński | 1874–1941 | Polish | paediatrician, poet, translator | Massacre of Lwów |
Antoni Cieszyński | 1882–1941 | Polish | physician, dentist, surgeon | |
Władysław Dobrzaniecki | 1897–1941 | Polish | physician, surgeon | |
Gisela Januszewska | 1867–1943 | Austrian | physician | Theresienstadt |
Janusz Korczak | 1878–1942 | Polish | pediatrician, educator, child welfare | Treblinka |
Adolf Reichwein | 1898–1944 | German | doctor, educator, politician | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
Sabina Spielrein | 1885–1942 | Russian | physician, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst | Massacre of Zmievskaya Balka |
Elisabeth von Thadden | 1890–1944, | German | educator executed | Berlin-Plötzensee |
Martha Goldberg | 1873–1938 | German | social activist, doctor's assistant | Kristallnacht |
Law, business
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Klaus Bonhoeffer | 1901–1945 | German | jurist, resistance fighter | executed, Berlin |
Betsie ten Boom | 1885–1944 Ravensbrück | Dutch | book keeper | Pernicious anemia |
Casper ten Boom | 1859–1944 Scheveningen Prison | Dutch | watchmaker | tuberculosis, mistreatment |
Hans von Dohnányi | 1902–1945 | German | jurist, resistance fighter | executed, Sachsenhausen |
Reinhold Frank | 1896–1945 Berlin-Plötzensee | German | lawyer, member of July 20 Plot | executed |
Martin Gauger | 1905–1941, NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein | German | jurist, pacifist, member of the Kreisau Circle | |
Maurice Halbwachs | 1877–1945 | French | sociologist, economist, philosopher, developer of collective memory | Buchenwald |
Franz Kaufmann | 1886–1944 | German | jurist | Sachsenhausen |
Wilhelm Mautner | 1889–1944 | Austrian | economist | Auschwitz concentration camp |
Helmuth James Graf von Moltke | 1907–1945 | German | jurist, founder of the Kreisau Circle | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
Alfred Müller | 1888 – 1945, Dachau | Croatian | entrepreneur | |
Leo Müller | 1894 – 1941, Jasenovac | Croatian | entrepreneur | |
Karl Sack | 1896–1945 | German | jurist, member of the July 20 plot | executed, Flossenbürg |
Rüdiger Schleicher | 1895–1945 | German | resistance fighter | executed, Berlin |
Armin Schreiner | 1874–1941 | Croatian | industrialist | Jasenovac |
Kazimierz Prószyński | 1875–1945 | Polish | inventor | Mauthausen |
Elisabeth de Rothschild | 1902–1945 | French | wife of Baron Philippe de Rothschild | Ravensbrück |
Theology, spirituality, religion
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kaj Munk | 1898–1944 | Danish | theologian, playwright | murdered by an SS-Sonderkommando, Hørbylunde/Denmark |
Yitzchak Shimon Gottlieb | ?, ? | Polish | Talmud Chacham, Rabbi | |
Dietrich Bonhoeffer | 1906–1945, Flossenbürg | German | Lutheran pastor, theologian | Hanged with thin wire |
Regina Jonas | 1902–1944, Auschwitz | German | woman Rabbi | |
Jochen Klepper | 1903–1942 | German | theologian, journalist | suicide shortly before deportation, Berlin |
Friedrich Lorenz | 1897–1944 | German | priest, member of Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate | executed, Halle an der Saale (beheaded) |
Paul Schneider | 1897–1939, Buchenwald | German | clergyman | lethal injection |
Edith Stein | 1891–1942, Auschwitz | German | nun, Catholic saint (born Jewish) | gas chamber |
Sándor Büchler | 1869–1944, Auschwitz | Hungarian | rabbi, historian | |
Avraham Yitzchak Bloch | 1891–1941 | Lithuanian | Chief Rabbi, rosh yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva | murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz |
Elchonon Wasserman | 1875–1941, Kovno | Lithuanian | rabbi, rosh yeshiva | |
Riccardo Pacifici | 1904-1943 | Italian | rabbi | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
Azriel Rabinowitz | 1905–1941 | Lithuanian | rabbi, rosh yeshiva at the Telz Yeshiva | murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz |
Shimon Shkop | 1860–1940, Grodno | Lithuanian | rosh yeshiva, Talmudic scholar | |
Maximilian Kolbe | 1894–1941, Auschwitz | Polish | friar, Catholic saint | lethal injection after voluntarily taking place of another prisoner |
Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski | 1913–1945, Dachau | Polish | priest | |
Karl Ernst Krafft | 1900–1945, during transport to Buchenwald | Swiss | astrologer, occultist | |
Kalonymus Kalman Shapira | 1889–1943, Aktion Erntefest | Polish | Rabbi | |
Menachem Ziemba | 1883–1943, The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising | Polish | Rabbi | |
Maria Skobtsova | 1891–1945, Ravensbrück concentration camp | Russian | Russian Orthodox nun, saint | gas chamber |
Sport
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Estella Agsteribbe | 1909–1943, Auschwitz | Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | |
Alfred Flatow | 1869–1942, Theresienstadt | German | gymnast; 3-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist | |
Gustav Flatow | 1875–1945, Theresienstadt | German | gymnast; 2-time Olympic gold medalist | |
Bronisław Czech | 1908–1944, Auschwitz | Polish | skier: Olympian | |
János Garay (fencer) | 1889–1945, Mauthausen | Hungarian | fencer; Olympic gold, silver, and bronze medalist | |
Oszkár Gerde | 1883–1944, Mauthausen | Hungarian | fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist | |
Eddy Hamel | 1902–1943, Auschwitz | American | football player, AFC Ajax | |
Lilli Henoch | 1899–1942, Riga Ghetto | German | 4 world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay), 10 German national championships, | |
Otto Herschmann | 1877–1942, Izbica concentration camp | Austrian | fencer & swimmer; 2-time Olympic silver medalist | |
Roman Kantor | 1912–1943, Majdanek concentration camp | Polish | fencer; Olympian | |
Gerrit Kleerekoper | 1897–1943, Sobibór | Dutch | coach Dutch gymnastics team 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games | |
Józef Klotz | 1900–1941 | Polish | Polish national soccer team | |
Janusz Kusociński | 1907–1940 | Polish | athlete;1932 Los Angeles men's athletics gold medalist | executed in Palmiry |
Salo Landau | 1903–1944, Gräditz concentration camp | Dutch | chess player | |
Vera Menchik | 1906–1944 | British-Czech | chess player; world champion | killed in a V-1 rocket bombing raid in South London |
Helena Nordheim | 1903–1943, Sobibór | Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | |
Victor Perez | 1911–1945, Auschwitz | Tunisian | boxer; world flyweight champion | |
Attila Petschauer | 1904–1943, Davidovka concentration camp | Hungarian | fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist | |
Ans Polak | 1906–1943, Sobibór | Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | |
Dawid Przepiórka | 1880–1940 | Polish | chess player; chess Olympian | executed, Warsaw |
Werner Seelenbinder | 1904–1944 | German | wrestler; Olympian | executed, Brandenburg an der Havel |
Jud Simons | 1904–1943, Sobibór | Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | |
Leon Sperling | 1900–1941, Lemberg Ghetto | Polish |
left wing on national soccer team | |
András Székely | 1909–1943, | Hungarian | swimmer, Olympic silver (200-m breaststroke) and bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay) | |
Ilja Szrajbman | 1907–1943, Majdanek concentration camp | Polish | swimmer, Olympic 4×200-m freestyle relay | |
Karel Treybal | 1885–1941 | Czech | chess player; chess Olympian | executed, Prague |
Johann Trollmann | 1907–1943, Neuengamme | German | boxer; German national champion | |
Heinrich Wolf | 1875–1943, Vienna | Austrian | chess player |
Politics, resistance
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Political Ideology/Occupation | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Edgar André | 1894–1936, Hamburg | German | Communist | executed |
Friedrich Aue | 1896–1944, Brandenburg | German | Communist | executed |
Judith Auer | 1905–1944, Berlin | German | Communist resistance fighter | executed |
Olga Benário Prestes | 1908–1942, Ravensbrück | German-Brazilian | Communist | executed |
Victor Basch | 1877–1945 | French | Esthetician, politician | assassinated by the Vichy French Milice |
Pierre Brossolette | 1903–1944 | French | high resistance leader | committed suicide (so as not to break under Gestapo torture) |
Jean Moulin | 1899–1943 | French | high resistance leader | tortured to death by the Gestapo |
Jean Zay | 1904–1944 | French | politician, former minister of French Government | assassinated by the Vichy French Milice |
Bernhard Bästlein | 1894–1944, Brandenburg | German | Communist | executed |
Kazimierz Bartel | 1882–1941 | Polish | Prime Minister of Poland 1926–1930 | executed |
Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff | d. 1945 | German | Diplomat | murdered in custody, Berlin |
Cato Bontjes van Beek | 1920–1944, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter | executed |
Rudolf Breitscheid | 1874–1944, Buchenwald | German | Social Democrat | executed |
Marianne Cohn | 1922-1944 | German | Maquis Resistance fighter | Beaten to death by Gestapo |
Hans Coppi | 1916–1942, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Communist resistance fighter | executed |
Hilde Coppi | 1909–1943, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Communist resistance fighter | executed |
Tone Čufar | 1905–1942 | Slovenian | Resistance fighter | shot during an escape attempt |
Jenő Deutsch (Eugen Deutsch) | 1879–1944 | Hungarian | Social democrat politician | executed[4] |
Otto Eggerstedt | d. 1933, Esterwegen | German | Social democrat | executed |
Fritz Elsas | d. 1945, Sachsenhausen | German | Politician | executed |
Georg Elser | 1903–1945, Dachau | German | Manual laborer, Rotfront-Kämpfer | executed |
Paweł Frenkiel | d. 1943 | Polish | Jewish Military Union leader | executed |
Yitzhak Gitterman | 1889–1943 | Polish | Politician, Director of American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee | fighting in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
Carl Friedrich Goerdeler | 1884–1945, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Mayor of Leipzig, Putschist | executed |
Willi Graf | 1918–1943, Munich–Stadelheim Prison | German | White Rose resistance fighter; student | Guillotined |
Herschel Grynszpan | 1921–1943/1945, location and date of death not known, possibly Gestapo-Prison Berlin-Moabit | German | Radical | executed |
Max Habermann | d. 1944, prison in Gifhorn | German | Trade unionist | executed |
Albrecht Haushofer | 1903–1945, Berlin-Moabit | German | Diplomat, writer | executed |
Rudolf Henning | d. 1944, Sachsenhausen | German | executed | |
Rudolf Hilferding | 1877–1941, in Gestapo custody, Paris | German | Social Democrat | executed |
Otto Hirsch | d. 1941, Mauthausen concentration camp | German | Representative of German Jews | executed |
Camill Hoffmann | d. 1944, Auschwitz | German | Diplomat, writer | executed |
Martin Hoop | 1892–1933, Zwickau | German | Communist, District leader of KPD in Saxony | executed |
Kurt Huber | 1893–1943, Munich–Stadelheim Prison | German | White Rose resistance fighter, professor | Guillotined |
Franz Jacob | d. 1944, Brandenburg | German | Communist | executed |
Walter Krämer | d. 1941, KZ Goslar | German | Communist | "shot while trying to escape" |
Marian Kudera | d. 1944, Dachau | German | Resistance fighter | executed |
Albert Kuntz | d. 1945, Nordhausen | German | Communist | after being tortured |
Ludwig Landmann | 1868-5 March 1945 | German | DDP politician, Mayor of Frankfurt | starved to death in hiding place |
Julius Leber | 1891–1944, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Socialist | executed |
Käthe Leichter | 1895–1942, Bernburg Euthanasia Centre | Austrian | Politician, economist | executed |
Wilhelm Leuschner | 1890–1944, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Politician | executed |
August Lütgens | d. 1933, Amtsgericht Altona | German | Communist | executed |
Georges Mandel | 1885–1944 | French | Politician, resistance leader | murdered in the Forest of Fontainebleau |
Rosa Manus | 1891-1942, Bernburg | Dutch | Feminist and peace activist | murdered by gassing |
Walter Möller | d. 1933, Amtsgericht Altona | German | Communist | executed |
Ottilie Pohl | d. 1942, Theresienstadt | German | Resistance fighter | executed |
Fritz Pröll | 1915–1944, Nordhausen | German | Resistance fighter | Suicide due to threatened torture |
Christoph Probst | 1918–1943, Munich–Stadelheim Prison | German | White Rose resistance fighter, student | Guillotined |
Joseph Roth | 1896–1945 | German | Teacher and politician | murdered by a poison injection after being imprisoned in Buchenwald |
Stefan Rowecki | 1895–1944, Warsaw | Polish | General, leader of the Armia Krajowa, journalist | executed |
Anton Saefkow | 1903–1944, Zuchthaus Brandenburg | German | Communist, resistance fighter | executed |
Werner Scharff | 1912–1945, Sachsenhausen | German | Resistance fighter, electrician | executed |
Rudolf von Scheliha | 1897–1942, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Red Orchestra resistance fighter, diplomat | Guillotined |
Richard Schmitz | 1885–1954, survived Dachau | Austrian | Mayor of Vienna | survived |
Alexander Schmorell | 1917–1943, Munich–Stadelheim Prison | German | White Rose resistance fighter, student | Guillotined |
Ernst Schneller | d. 1944, Sachsenhausen | German | KPD politician | executed |
Werner Scholem | d. 1940, Buchenwald | German | Communist | executed |
Hans Scholl | 1918–1943, Munich–Stadelheim Prison | German | White Rose resistance fighter, medical student | Guillotined |
Sophie Scholl | 1921–1943, Munich–Stadelheim Prison | German | White Rose resistance fighter, student | Guillotined |
Slavko Šlander | 1909–1941 | Slovenian | Resistance fighter | executed |
Stefan Starzyński | 1893–1943 | Polish | Politician, economist, writer | fate unknown, possibly died in Dachau |
Ilse Stöbe | 1911–1942, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Red Orchestra resistance fighter | Guillotined |
Hannah Szenes | 1921–1944 | Hungarian | Jewish partisan | executed |
Bruno Tesch | 1913–1933, Amtsgericht Altona | German | Communist | executed |
Ernst Thälmann | 1886–1944, Buchenwald | German | Leader of KPD | executed |
Mathias Thesen | d. 1944, Sachsenhausen | German | KPD politician, trade unionist | executed |
Adam von Trott zu Solz | d. 1944, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | Diplomat | executed |
Karl Wolff | d. 1933, Amtsgericht Altona | German | Communist | executed |
Szmul Zygielbojm | d. 1943 | Polish | Bund leader | suicide in protest of Nazism |
Military
Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Charles Delestraint | 1879–1945 | French | general, resistance leader | assassinated in Dachau concentration camp |
Erich Fellgiebel | 1886–1944, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich | executed |
Ludwig Beck | 1880–1944, Berlin | German | General, Putschist | executed |
Werner von Haeften | 1908–1944, Berlin | German | jurist, adjutant of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg | executed |
Erich Hoepner | 1886–1944, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | demoted Colonel General, member of Military opposition about Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg | executed |
Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim | 1905–1944, Berlin | German | Colonel, Putschist | executed |
Friedrich Olbricht | 1888–1944, Berlin | German | General, Putschist | executed |
Hans Oster | 1887–1945, Flossenbürg | German | Chief of staff | executed |
Harro Schulze-Boysen | 1909–1942, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | officer, publicist | executed |
Claus von Stauffenberg | 1907–1944, Berlin | German | Chief of staff of General Army Office, Putschist | executed |
Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel | 1886–1944, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | military commander in occupied France | executed |
Henning von Tresckow | 1901–1944, near Ostrov, Russia | German | Major General, Putschist | suicide |
Erwin von Witzleben | 1881–1944, Berlin-Plötzensee | German | retired Field Marshal | executed |
Wilhelm Canaris | 1887–1945, Flossenbürg | German | military information service | executed |
Erwin Rommel | 1891–1944 | German | Army(Wehrmacht), Field Marshal | forced suicide |
Dmitry Karbyshev | 1880–1945, Mauthausen | Russian | Army(RKKA), engineer commander | executed |
Dimitri Zouralis | d. 1941 | Greek | Army(Greek), Commander | executed |
Rudolf Viest | 1890–1945, Flossenbürg | Slovak | Division General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising | executed |
Ján Golian | 1906–1945, Flossenbürg | Slovak | Brigadier General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising | executed |
See also
References
- ↑ "Pick biography". www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
- ↑ "Blumenthal biography". www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
- ↑ "HCM: About Felix Hausdorff". hcm.uni-bonn.de. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
- ↑ http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/lexikon/eletrajz/html/ABC03014/03296.htm