Gospić concentration camp

Gospić concentration camp
Concentration camp
Location of Gospić concentration camp within Croatia
Coordinates 44°32′46″N 15°22′30″E / 44.546°N 15.375°E / 44.546; 15.375Coordinates: 44°32′46″N 15°22′30″E / 44.546°N 15.375°E / 44.546; 15.375
Commandant Jozo Rukavina
Original use prison
Operational June — August 1941[1]
Inmates Predominantly Serbs with several thousands of Jews and some Croats[2]
Killed

Totally in whole complex which also included Velebit and Pag:

  • 24,000 people according to estimations of Croatian published sources[3]
  • 42,246 according to Đuro Zatezalo whose figures can be considered as universally agreed according to Raphael Israeli[4]

The Gospić concentration camp (Croatian: Koncentracioni logor Gospić) was one of 26 concentration camps established in Gospić in the Independent State of Croatia during World War II.[5]

Establishment

It belonged to the complex Gospić group of concentration camps which besides Gospić camp also included Jadovno, Ovčara, Pag (Slana and Metajna).[6] The establishment of this complex of concentration camps marked the beginning of the final phase of the Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia, mass murders.[7]

The Gospić concentration camp was established in May 1941 in the building which was used as a prison before World War II and organized by Jozo Rukavina.[8] The first transport of inmates from Danica concentration camp was organized on 30 June 1941.[9] The prison in Gospić was placed in a large square building which equal sides of 130 meters. It was erected in 1878 and used as a prison for prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment[10]

Inmates

Based on the orders issued by Ustaše command in Zagreb on 19 July 1941, notable Serbs were captured and sent to the Gospić concentration camp divided into small groups of 20 to 30.[11] The Serbs, Jews and Romani people were captured all over the territory of the Independent State of Croatia and transported to Gospić concentration camp at daily rate of three hundred.[12]

On 1 August 1941 Ustaše transported the first group of Jews from Visoko in Bosnia and Herzegovina to Gospić camp.[13]

About 300 women and children were transported on 11 March 1944 from Gospić to Jasenovac where they were all killed.[14]

Aftermath

The Jasenovac concentration camp was founded as an extension of the disestablished Gospic and Jadovnik camps.[15] The first inmates of Jasenovac camp were brought from Gospić concentration camp in period 19—21 August 1941.[16]

References

  1. ↑ Radovi (Filozofski Fakultet Zagreb. Humanisticke i Drustvene Znanosti). Zavod. 2007. Veći koncentracijski logor bio je Gospić (lipanj - kolovoz 1941)...
  2. ↑ Radovi (Filozofski Fakultet Zagreb. Humanisticke i Drustvene Znanosti). Zavod. 2007. ...iz kojega su zatočenici (pretežito Srbi, nekoliko tisuća Židova i manjina Hrvati) ...
  3. ↑ Radovi (Filozofski Fakultet Zagreb. Humanisticke i Drustvene Znanosti). Zavod. 2007. p. 355. Procjenjuje se daje u logorskom kompleksu Gospić-Velebit-Pag (Mirko Peršen, Đuro Zatezalo, Ilija Jakovljević) pogubljeno oko 24.000 ljudi.
  4. ↑ Israeli, Raphael (4 March 2013). The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941-1945. Transaction Publishers. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-4128-4930-2.
  5. ↑ Jacobs 2009, p. 158: "A total of twenty-six concentration camps were established on the territory of NDH, such as Drnje, Kruš cica, Surovo, Bugojno, Bijeljina, Lepoglava, Rogatica, Vlasenica, Tuzla, Tenje, and Pag, but only Jadovno, Jasenovac, and Stara Gradiška were large extermination camps."
  6. ↑ Komisija 2000, p. viii"To je gospićka grupa logora: Gospić, Jadovno, Ovčara, zatim Slana i Metajna na Pagu."
  7. ↑ Goldstein, Ivo; Goldstein, Slavko (2001). Holokaust u Zagrebu. Novi liber. p. 276.
  8. ↑ (Avramov 1995, p. 337):"A camp was set up in May 1941 in Gospic in the former prison, and it was organized by Jozo Rukavina."
  9. ↑ Zavod 2006, p. 161"Prema dokumentima, prvi je transport logoraša iz "Danice" upućen za Gospić i to 30. lipnja 1941."
  10. ↑ (Bulajić 2006, p. 70)
  11. ↑ (Avramov 1995, p. 337):"Orders from the Ustasa Constabulary from Zagreb, sent on July 19, 1941, specified that "little by little, every day, Serbs who are financially or intellectually prominent should be sent to the concentration camp at Gospic in groups of 20 to 30."
  12. ↑ (Israeli 2013, p. 73)
  13. ↑ (Albahari 1977, p. 162): "Već 1. avgusta 1941. ustaše su odveli u koncentracioni logor Gospić prvu grupu Jevreja. "
  14. ↑ (Gilbert 1982, p. 179): "On 11 March 1944, 300 women and children from northern Dalmatia, having been interned at Gospic, were deported to the Croat concentration camp at Jasenovac (right, below). Not a single one survived."
  15. ↑ Dedijer 1981, p. 553"Logor Jasenovac je nastao kao produženje likvidiranih logora Gospić i Jadovnik na Velebitu kod Gospića."
  16. ↑ Dedijer, Vladimir; Miletić, Antun (1991). Protiv zaborava i tabua: Jasenovac 1941-1991. I.P. "Pregres". p. 329. Први заточеници на подручју Јасеновца доведени су 19., 20. и 21. коло- воза 1941. из концентрационог логора Госпић.

Sources

  • Israeli, Raphael (19 February 2013). The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941-1945. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-4975-3.
  • Gilbert, Martin (1982). The Macmillan atlas of the Holocaust. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-543380-9.
  • Avramov, Smilja (1995). Genocide in Yugoslavia. BIGZ.
  • Albahari, Nisim (1977). Sarajevo u revoluciji: Komunistička partija Jugoslavije u pripremama i organizaciji ustanka. Istorijski arhiv.
  • Bulajić, Milan (1994). The Role of the Vatican in the break-up of the Yugoslav State: The Mission of the Vatican in the Independent State of Croatia. Ustashi Crimes of Genocide. Belgrade: Stručna knjiga.
  • Bulajić, Milan (2002). Jasenovac: The Jewish-Serbian Holocaust (the role of the Vatican) in Nazi-Ustasha Croatia (1941-1945). Belgrade: Fund for Genocide Research, Stručna knjiga.
  • Bulajić, Milan (2006). Jasenovac-1945-2005/06: 60/61.-godišnjica herojskog proboja zatočenika 22. aprila 1945 : dani sećanja na žrtve genocida nad jermenskim, grčkim, srpskim, jevrejskim i romskim narodima. Pešić i sinovi. ISBN 978-86-7540-069-1.
  • Komisija (2000). Zločini u logoru Jasenovac. Besjeda.
  • Zavod (2006). Historijski Zbornik. Nakladni Zavod Hravtske.
  • Dedijer, Vladimir (1981). Novi prilozi za biografiju Josipa Broza Tita. Liburnija.
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