List of energy storage projects

The 150 MW Andasol solar power station is a commercial parabolic trough solar thermal power plant, located in Spain. The Andasol plant uses tanks of molten salt to store captured solar energy so that it can continue generating electricity when the sun isn't shining.[1]

This is a list of energy storage projects worldwide, other than pumped hydro storage. Many individual energy storage projects augment electrical grids by capturing excess electrical energy during periods of low demand and storing it in other forms until needed on an electrical grid. The energy is later converted back to its electrical form and returned to the grid as needed. Most of the world's grid energy storage by capacity is in the form of pumped-storage hydroelectricity, which is covered in List of pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations. This article list projects using all other forms of energy storage.

Another energy storage method is the consumption of surplus or low-cost energy (typically during night time) for conversion into resources such as hot water, cool water or ice, which is then used for heating or cooling at other times when electricity is in higher demand and at greater cost per kilowatt hour (kWh). Such thermal energy storage is often employed at end-user sites such as large buildings, and also as part of district heating, thus 'shifting' energy consumption to other times for better balancing of supply and demand.

For a list of systems and forms of energy storage see energy storage and grid energy storage.

Projects and sites

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Energy storage projects and sites
NameTypeEnergy
MWh		Power
MW		HoursDescriptionCountryLocationRefs
Ruien Energy storage Battery, lithium-ion 32 25 1.2 RES is currently developing a Battery-based Energy Storage System (BESS) in Ruien (East Flanders, Belgium). The BESS aims to deliver ancillary services to European grid operators (TSOs) as well as energy services to local businesses at the site of the former 800MW coal-fired power plant currently under post-decommissioning redevelopment. Belgium Ruien http://www.res-nv.be/
AlataBattery, lithium-ion4.3??Cofely Ineo solar, installed 2018FranceCorsica[2]
TerhillsBattery, lithium-ion?18.2?140 Tesla Powerpacks, installed 2018BelgiumTerhills[3]
Dalian VFB - UET / Rongke PowerBattery, vanadium redox flow8002004The battery arrays approved by the China National Energy Administration will be made up of ten (10X) 20MW/80MWh Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB) energy storage systems deployed in Dalian city and connected to the main grid of Liaoning Province which has experienced stress during extreme weather events. After full commissioning, the VFB energy storage system will be able to peak-shave approximately 8% of Liaoning Province's expected peaking capacity in 2020.In addition, the large-scale battery will form an additional load center, which will enhance grid stabilization including securing the power supply and providing black-start capabilities in the event of emergency. This project will be deployed in two phases, each with 100MW/400MWh. The first phase will be finished around the end of 2017 and the second will be finished around the end of 2018. This project is approved by China National Energy Administration, and the owner is a JV with the major shareholder being a local utility company, and the minor being RONGKE POWER.ChinaLiaoning, Dalian[4][5][6]
Hyundai & Korea Zinc energy storage systemBattery, lithium-ion?150?Hyundai completed, in April 2018, the mega industrial energy storage system (ESS) ordered by Korea Zinc, a metal smelting company, at a cost of €37,87 million. It is located at its Ulsan refinery near the southeast coast and is the largest battery in the world.South KoreaUlsan [7] [8]
University of California Davis Winery Solar-Battery MicrogridBattery, second-life electric vehicle lithium-ion0.320.13The project (2015-2018)consists of a solar battery microgrid that utilizes used electric vehicle lithium ion batteries with average state of health of 75% have been repurposed for stationary energy storage. The energy storage is connected to 100 kW solar PV system. It is designed for researching demand response, peak shaving, and peak shifting strategies.United StatesCalifornia, Davis[9]

[10]

Smarter Network StorageBattery, lithium-ion1061.65The project is developing control and optimization systems for energy storage. Trials include providing service to distribution network operators and transmission system operators.United KingdomEngland, Bedfordshire, Leighton Buzzard[11][12]
Cowesses First Nation Wind and Storage Demonstration ProjectBattery, lithium-ion0.60.41.5The project combines a single 800 kW Enercon wind turbine with an energy storage system provided by the Saft Groupe S.A., with the goal of increasing the wind energy's dispatchability. A power purchase agreement has been created with SaskPower in conjunction with the Cowessess First Nation, Saskatchewan Research Council, Canada's Department of Indian and Northern Affairs and the Province of Saskatchewan's Clean Energy Fund and Go Green program, at a total cost of C$5.5M.CanadaSaskatchewan, Cowesses First Nation[13][14][15]
AES Kilroot Power StorageBattery?10?In April 2014 the AES Corporation announced plans to build a 100 MW energy storage facility to complement its existing North Ireland power station near Belfast. In January 2016 AES announced that it had completed 10MW of the project as a first step towards the planned 100MW total.United KingdomNorthern Ireland, Kilroot[16][17][18][19]
Orkney Storage Park ProjectBattery, lithium-ion0.520.25In 2013 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. with Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution (SHEPD) created a demonstration project using the UK's Orkney Islands distribution grid. Funding was provided by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (OFGEM) under its Tier 1 Low Carbon Network Fund. The system capacity is 800 kWh nominal, 500 kWh normal usage using two 12 m containers for its batteries and one for its power conditioning system.United KingdomScotland, Orkney Islands, Kirkwall[4][20]
Andasol Solar Power StationThermal storage, molten salt1,030.5134.77.5A thermal storage system absorbs part of the daytime heat absorbed by the solar field, heating a molten salt mixture of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. The heat is used to drive a turbine-generator when direct sunlight is not available, nearly doubling the available hours of operation. A full thermal reservoir holds 1,010 MWh of heat capability, enough to run the turbine for over seven hours at full load.SpainGranada, Guadix[1][21][22]
Hokkaido Battery Storage Project (provisional name)Battery60Kyodo News Service reported the authorization by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry for the installation of the world's largest storage battery, at a substation near several solar energy projects in Hokkaido Island, Japan, due to be online in March 2015.JapanHokkaido[23]
Yerba Buena Battery Energy Storage System Pilot ProjectBattery, sodium-sulfur2446The project uses sodium-sulfur batteries (NaS) to determine whether such batteries can improve power quality and reliability on the electrical grid.United StatesCalifornia, East San Jose[24][25][26]
Falkenhagen power-to-gas pilot plantPower to gas?2?On 28 August 2013, E.ON Hanse, solvicore and Swissgas inaugurated the commercial Power to Gas unit in Falkenhagen Germany. The two-megawatt unit can produce 360 cubic meters of hydrogen per hour. The plant uses wind power to extract hydrogen from water; the gas is then injected into the existing regional natural gas transmission system. Swissgas, which represents over 100 local natural gas utilities, is a partner in the project with a 20% capital stake and an agreement to purchase a portion of the gas produced.GermanyBrandenburg, Falkenhagen[27][28]
Clear Creek Flywheel Wind Farm ProjectFlywheel0.550.1Temporal Power’s flywheel energy storage (FES) technology is being deployed by Ontario's Hydro One Networks Inc. The 10-flywheel 5 MW installation will provide local power quality support, by balancing real and reactive power flows from a 20 MW wind farmCanadaOntario, Norfolk County[29]
BC Hydro Battery Energy Storage ProjectBattery, sodium-sulphur6.516.5A 1 MW battery is installed by BC Hydro on a 25 kV feeder near the community of Field, B.C. is able to operate islanded from the grid in order to provide back-up power to Field in the event of a feeder outage; it also discharges during peak hours from 4–8 pm daily. The C$13M facility was commissioned in September 2013, funded by BC Hydro and Canada's Department of Natural Resources after two years of construction and testing.CanadaBritish Columbia, Field, Yoho National Park[29][30][31]
eCamion Toronto Hydro Energy Storage ProjectBattery, lithium-ion1.50.53eCAMION established a consortium including University of Toronto, Toronto Hydro, and Dow Kokam with Sustainable Development Technology Canada to commercialize energy storage. eCAMION provides power utilities with 500 kW/250kWh Community Energy Storage [CES] to alleviate aging infrastructure and grid problems.CanadaOntario, Toronto[29]
Electrochemical Energy Storage ProjectBattery, nickel-manganese-cobalt111The project was initially created in response to the university’s need for emergency back-up power at the University of British Columbia Bioenergy Research and Demonstration Facility (BDRF), the energy storage system will advance research on integrating renewable-energy sources.CanadaBritish Columbia, Vancouver[29]
NRStor Minto Flywheel Energy Storage ProjectFlywheel0.520.25NRStor was selected by Ontario's Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) to deliver 2 MW of frequency regulation services to the Ontario electricity grid. Temporal Power Ltd. is the flywheel manufacturer and supplies the 10-flywheel 2 MW facility.CanadaOntario, Minto, Harriston[29]
WEICAN Durathon Battery ProjectBattery, sodium-nickel chloride20102The Wind Energy Institute of Canada contracted with S&C Electric Canada Ltd. to provide a Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery at their site on Prince Edward Island. The BESS will be operational by the fall of 2013. GE Energy Storage will provide the Durathon Battery Energy Storage System that will integrate into Prince Edward Island's pre-existing system.CanadaPrince Edward Island, North Cape[29][32]
Huntorf CAES PlantCompressed air storage, in-ground natural gas combustion8702903First commercial CAES plant, operational since 1978, using nuclear-sourced night-time power to compress and inject the air into two caverns of 310,000 m³ total volume. The 600 m cavern depth ensures the air's stability through seasonal temperature changes, and guarantees the specified maximum pressure of 100 bar. One cavern is cycled daily; the other serves as backup when the nearby nuclear power plant goes offline.GermanyHuntorf, Elsfleth[4][33]
Solana Generating StationThermal storage, molten salt1,6802806Completed in 2013, the parabolic trough solar plant, with 6 hours storage by molten salt, is located near Gila Bend, Arizona. At the time it was the world's largest parabolic trough plant, and the first United States solar plant with thermal storage.United StatesArizona, Gila Bend[34][35][36][37]
McIntosh CAES PlantCompressed air storage, in-ground natural gas combustion2,86011026The 2nd commercial CAES plant, in operation since 1991, stores compressed air in a salt cavern of 220 ft diameter, with ten million cubic foot total volume. The cavern is pressurized to 1,100 psi, and it is discharged down to 650 psi. During discharge, 340 pounds per second of air flow out of the cavern. The cavern can discharge for 26 hours. The plant also utilizes nuclear-sourced night-time power for compression and then produces peak power during the day by releasing the compressed air into a 110-MW gas-fired combustion turbine. The turbine unit also makes use of an air-to-air heat exchanger to preheat air from the cavern with waste heat from the turbine. The waste heat recovery system reduces fuel usage by roughly 25%. The system is fully operational within 15 minutes, uses a third of the fuel required for a fuel-only generating system, and can operate efficiently at low loads. The project is used for peak shaving.United StatesAlabama, McIntosh[4][33][38][39]
Notrees Wind Energy Storage ProjectBattery, advanced lead acid24360.67A wind energy storage demonstration project at the Notrees Wind power project in western Texas created in 2013. The project provides 24 MW-hours energy storage with a peak instantaneous power output of 36 MW and a power management system.United StatesTexas, Notrees[4][20][40]
Laurel MountainBattery, lithium-ion8320.25The wind generation project includes 98 MW of wind generation and 32 MW of integrated battery-based energy storage. The project supplies the PJM Interconnection, the world's largest power market.United StatesWest Virginia, Elkins[4][41]
Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)Battery, nickel cadmium6.727
46		0.25
0.08		Completed in December 2003, the BESS is a Golden Valley Electric Association (GVEA) initiative to improve the reliability of service to GVEA members. When grid power fails, BESS provides up to 27 MW of power for 15 minutes.United StatesAlaska, Fairbanks[4]
Primus Power Modesto Wind Firming Energy FarmBattery, zinc chlorine redox flow75253The project was initiated in the Modesto Irrigation District in California’s Central Valley, in place of a proposed $78M / 50 MW fossil fuel plant; it will provide flexible capacity for the region and compensate for the variable nature of wind and solar energy.United StatesCalifornia, Modesto[4]
AngamosBattery, lithium-ion6.6200.33A123 lithium-ion batteries supply reserve capacity to electrical grid in Northern Chile. The system continuously monitors the grid power, and if a significant frequency deviation occurs, the energy storage system can provide up to 20 MW of power nearly instantaneously, for up to 15 minutes.ChileMejillones, Antofagasta[4]
Beacon New York Flywheel Energy Storage PlantFlywheel5200.25A 20 MW flywheel plant used for frequency regulation in the NYISO service area, the world's largest flywheel installation. It consists of 200 individual spinning masses.United StatesNew York, Stephentown[4][42][43][44]
Beacon Hazle Township Pennsylvania PlantFlywheel5200.25Beacon's second 20 MW, 200-rotor frequency regulation facility serves the PJM regional electricity transmission market.[45]United StatesPennsylvania, Hazle Township[4]
Kahuku Wind FarmBattery, advanced lead acid3.7150.25A 15 MW fully integrated energy storage and power management system designed to provide load firming for a 30 MW wind farm in Hawaii.United StatesHawaii, Oahu[4][43][46]
Los AndesBattery, lithium-ion4120.33Provides reserve power to the electric grid in Northern Chile. The project continuously monitors the condition of the power system and if a significant frequency deviation occurs, the system provides up to 12 MW of power for up to 20 minutes.ChileAtacama, Copiapó[4]
Next Gen CAES using steel pipingCompressed air storage, modular40.594.59 MW plant will use steel piping to hold pressurized air instead of subterranean caverns. Groundbreaking slated for 2013 to 2014 time frame.United StatesNew York, Queens[4]
Johnson CityBattery, lithium-ion280.25A bank of 800,000 A123 lithium-ion batteries performs frequency regulation for the New York ISO. The system was the largest lithium-ion battery in commercial service on the US power grid when completed.United StatesNew York, Johnson City[4]
Tehachapi Energy Storage ProjectBattery, lithium-ion3284A demonstration project evaluating the performance of an 8 MW, 4-hour (32 MWh) lithium-ion battery system to improve grid performance and integration of large-scale variable energy resourced generation. Southern California Edison installed the system at its Monolith substation on the Antelope-Bailey transmission system. Performance is measured for 13 operational parameters.United StatesCalifornia, Tehachapi[4][47][48][49]
National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project (I)Battery, lithium iron phosphate3666The Zhangbei National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project will eventually grow to include 500 MW of installed wind capacity, 100 MW of installed solar PV capacity and 110 MW of energy storage with an overall investment of 12 billion RMB (1.89 billion USD). The project currently includes a total of 14 MW of lithium-ion batteries and a vanadium redox flow battery: (I) 6 MW–36 MWh Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries (BYD Auto) (II) 4 MW–16 MWh lithium-ion batteries (Amperex Technology Limited (ATL)) (III) 3 MW–9 MWh lithium-ion batteries. (IV) 1 MW, 2 MWh lithium-ion batteries (Wanxiang Group) (V) 2 MW–8 MWh Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. Original plans to include 4 MW of sodium-sulfur batteries have been delayed over safety concerns. Energy storage applications include wind solar and other renewable energy integration, frequency regulation and voltage support. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid.ChinaHebei, Zhangbei[4]
PhaseStor Program for the USA Dept. of Defense ESTCP (Environmental Security Technology Certificiation Program) Thermal storage, bio-based phase change material 0.703 load dependant Phase Change Energy Solutions USA completed design and installation of the PhaseStor advanced thermal storage system utilizing an engineered bio-based polymeric gel to store latent energy. The installation completed in 2018, provides 200 ton-hours of thermal energy storage used to cool the building during the daily peak demand period. The PCM tanks, manufactured in North Carolina, consist of multiple tubular polypropylene heat exchangers fully submerged in the PCM. A unique feature of this design is based on a PCM that remains solid regardless of charge state. This characteristic eliminates all environmental concerns of accidental spillage during transport or when in operation.   

The practical demonstration occurred over a 24-month test period, covering all seasonal conditions, during this period the demonstration validated PhaseStor’s ability to store thermal energy at different preset temperatures, utilizing a formula engineered specifically to optimize existing site conditions. The system effectiveness was validated by modulating the energy output (Btu/kW) at ambient temperature, therefore proving the energy and cost saving potential, while providing a healthy, productive, and comfortable environment for the building occupants.

 United States California, Fort Irwin [4]
Redding Electric Utilities - Peak Capacity, Demand Response, HVAC Replacement Program Phase 2 Thermal storage, ice 12 6 2 Ice Energy and REU will collaborate on the second phase. The program to install Ice Bear units within the northern California territory aims to reduce peak electricity load demand by up to 6 MW over five years. REU expects to have the thermal energy storage program completed in 2017. Skyway Machine, a local Redding manufacturing company, will provide final assembly of the new Ice Bear units. United States California, Redding [4]
Guodian Supply-Side Energy Storage ProjectBattery, lithium-ion1052This project is State Power's first supply-side energy storage project, incorporating 49.5 MW installed wind capacity and a 5 MW lithium-ion battery system. The energy storage system provides power during low-wind conditions.ChinaLiaoning, Jinzhou[4]
PGE Salem Smart Power Center (Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration)Battery, lithium-ion1.250.25Now under construction, the project will test a 5 MW, 1.25 MWh storage resource designed to increase distribution system reliability, aid renewable resource integration and decrease peak-price risk.United StatesOregon, Salem[4]
JC Penney HeadquartersThermal storage, ice53.14.42512The system offsets the peak demands of electrical use by making ice each night to cool the building the following day.United StatesTexas, Plano[4]
National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project (II)Battery, lithium-ion1644The Zhangbei National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project will eventually grow to include 500 MW of installed wind capacity, 100 MW of installed solar PV capacity and 110 MW of energy storage. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid.ChinaHebei, Zhangbei[4]
National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project (III)Battery, lithium-ion933The Zhangbei National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project will eventually grow to include 500 MW of installed wind capacity, 100 MW of installed solar PV capacity and 110 MW of energy storage. The project currently includes a total of 14 MW of lithium-ion batteries and a vanadium redox flow battery. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid.ChinaHebei, Zhangbei[4]
University of Central FloridaThermal storage, chilled water2438Chilled water thermal energy storage system that is integrated into the existing district cooling system for the university.United StatesFlorida, Orlando[4]
PJM Regulation Services ProjectBattery, ultra2.1630.72The PJM (Pennsylvania-Jersey-Maryland Interconnection) Regulation Services project in Lyon Station, PA, was selected and partly funded by the DOE to demonstrate the ability of the Ecoult and Deka UltraBattery energy storage system to enhance the reliability and efficiency of the grid. It will provide 3 MW of continuous frequency regulation services to the grid of PJM Interconnection, the largest Regional Transmission Organization/Independent System Operator in the US. The new system will also be used for peak demand management services to the local utility, Met-Ed (a First Energy Company). The PJM demonstration project has been implemented in both a building and a containerized format to demonstrate the modularity and mobility of the storage solutions.United StatesPennsylvania, Lyon Station[4]
University of ArizonaThermal storage, ice1836The university placed three separate orders for energy storage tanks and they were added to two of their three existing central plants in 2004, 2006 and 2007. There are 205 tanks in total at the two plants.United StatesArizona, Tucson[4]
Pillar Mountain Wind ProjectBattery, advanced lead acid0.73.00.25A battery storage system on the Kodiak Island grid to supplement electricity generated by wind farms. The energy storage will allow Kodiak Electric to increase reliable wind generation from 4.5 MW to 9 MW.United StatesAlaska, Kodiak[4]
State Government of North CarolinaThermal storage, chilled water20.82.682.68 million gallon, chilled water, Thermal energy storage tank. Built partially buried and serving the district cooling system for 25 state government buildings.United StatesNorth Carolina, Raleigh[4]
National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project (V)Battery, vanadium redox flow824The Zhangbei National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project will eventually grow to include 500 MW of installed wind capacity, 100 MW of installed solar PV capacity and 110 MW of energy storage. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid.ChinaHebei, Zhangbei[4]
LIRR Malverne WESSBattery, ultra capacitor, double-layer0.0420.02The project, on Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) property near the Malverne station, performs regenerative braking, charging and discharging in 20-second time periods.United StatesNew York, Malverne[4]
Santa Rita Jail Smart Grid – Advanced Energy Storage SystemBattery, lithium ferrous phosphate422Alameda County’s Santa Rita Jail smart grid demonstration project in Dublin, California, is the country’s largest CERTS-based microgrid with renewable generation and large-scale energy storage.United StatesCalifornia, Dublin[4][50]
Isothermal CAES to Support RE ProductionCompressed air storage, modular isothermal1.51.51A 1.5 MW pilot system, to demonstrate an isothermal compressed air energy storage system, was slated for 2013 completion, and production commencing in 2015.United StatesNew Hampshire, Seabrook[4][33][38]
Xcel and SolarTACBattery, advanced lead acid0.371.50.25The project will collect operational data on the integration of energy storage and solar energy systems at the Solar Technology Acceleration Center (SolarTAC).United StatesColorado, Aurora[4]
Kauaʻi Island Utility CooperativeBattery, advanced lead acid0.371.50.25The KIUC DPR is designed to mitigate the variability of the island grid, monitoring the power supply and correcting for frequency and voltage deviations.United StatesHawaii, Koloa[4]
Glendale Water and Power - Peak Capacity ProjectThermal storage, ice91.56This project installed a total of 180 Ice Thermal Energy storage units at 28 Glendale city buildings and 58 local small, medium-sized, and large commercial businesses during a one-year installation process.United StatesCalifornia, Glendale[4]
Kaheawa I Wind ProjectBattery, advanced lead acid3.71.50.25A demonstration project to perform Ramp Control for 3 MW of the 30 MW Kaheawa Wind Farm in Hawaii, using a patented energy storage and power management system.United StatesHawaii, Maui[4]
Nissan Technical Center North America Inc.Thermal storage, ice22.81.42516The Ice Thermal Storage System provides load shifting to the building. On most days, the building can be cooled solely by the ice system, but a chiller is included, which covers peak cooling demand.United StatesMichigan, Farmington Hills[4]
Lanai Sustainability ResearchBattery, advanced lead acid0.281.1250.25A battery reservoir provides supplementary power at the Lanai Sustainability Research's 1.5 MW DC–1.2 MW AC solar farm in order to double the output of the solar and control the ramp rate to +/- 360 kW/min.United StatesHawaii, Lanai[4]
Painesville Municipal Power Vanadium Redox Battery DemonstrationBattery, vanadium redox flow8.81.18This system is designed to demonstrate a 1.08 MW vanadium redox battery (VRB) storage system at the 32 MW municipal coal-fired power plant. The system will provide operating data and experience to help the plant maintain its daily power output requirement more efficiently while reducing its carbon footprint.United StatesOhio, Painesville[4]
Giheung Samsung SDI ProjectBattery, lithium-ion111Li-ion battery based energy storage system for industrial energy management with peak-shifting. The system is located at the Samsung SDI Headquarters in Yongin-Si, South Korea.South KoreaGyeonggi-do, Yongin-si[4]
National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project (IV)Battery, lithium-ion212The Zhangbei National Wind and Solar Energy Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project will eventually grow to include 500 MW of installed wind capacity, 100 MW of installed solar PV capacity and 110 MW of energy storage. The project is focused on using battery energy storage to enable interactive management of the electric power grid.ChinaHebei, Zhangbei[4]
Metlakatla BESSBattery, lead acid1.411.4Metlakatla Power and Light (MP&L) has a BESS installation consisting of Exide (GNB Industrial Power) VRLA cells, providing rapid spinning reserve, frequency control, and better power quality. Beginning operation in 1997, the MP&L BESS has a 1 MW peak power output, and 1.4 MWh energy capacity. It is capable of supporting continuous loads of 800 kilovolt amperes (KVA), pulse loads up to 1200 KVA, and consists of 378 Absolyte VRLA 100A75 modules. Nearly 5 MW of hydroelectric generation capacity provides almost all of MP&L’s power, with a 3.3 MW diesel generation system relegated to reserve duty. MP&L’s two hydroelectric plants, Purple Lake and Chester Lake, have reservoir storage capacity, though the hydro generators were too slow to respond to sudden load fluctuations. At the time of the BESS’s initial operations, the MP&L peak load was approximately 4 MW. MP&L is now replacing the batteries after 12 years of service.United StatesAlaska, Metlakatla[4]
Wind-to-Battery MinnWind ProjectBattery, sodium-sulfur717In October 2008, this project began testing a one-megawatt battery-storage technology to store wind energy. The battery installation is connected to a nearby 11 MW wind farm.United StatesMinnesota, Luverne[4]
Detroit Edison Community Energy Storage ProjectBattery, lithium-ion212This project is designed to demonstrate a proof of concept for aggregated Community Energy Storage Devices in a utility territory. The project installed 20 Community Energy Storage (CES) devices across a utility territory.United StatesMichigan, Detroit[4]
Redding Electric Utilities - Peak Capacity, Demand Response, HVAC Replacement ProgramThermal storage, ice616Ice storage system assists building cooling during daylight hours.United StatesCalifornia, Redding[4]
Southern California Edison HVAC Optimization Program with energy storageThermal storage, ice4.50.7506Southern California Edison partnered with Ice Energy to create a rebate program of $1800/kW for businesses to install the Ice Bear system at their commercial locations. The systems reduce peak HVAC energy demand significantly.United StatesCalifornia, Rosemead[4]
Xtreme Power Ford Manufacturing Assembly PlantBattery, advanced lead acid20.7502.67A battery storage system supplements electrical power produced by a solar plant at a Ford automobile manufacturing plant.United StatesMichigan, Dearborn[4][51]
Duquesne UniversityThermal storage, ice3.60.66An ice-based cooling resource. The existing cooling tower was re-used, to make ice at night; an ice-making chiller and 6,000 tn hours of energy storage were installed to the existing cooling plant.United StatesPennsylvania, Pittsburgh[4]
Prudent Energy VRB-ESS - Gills Onions, CaliforniaBattery, vanadium redox flow3.60.66A bio waste-based energy recovery system that produces methane and biogas from onion production waste. The energy storage system provides peak-shaving and demand charge avoidance services to reduce the monthly electric utility bill.United StatesCalifornia, Oxnard[4]
Mission City Office ComplexThermal storage, ice3.50.57Energy storage tanks in the basement of the parking structure meet the peak cooling loads of 3 office towers from 6 am to 6 pm during the work week in the summer, charging from 10 pm to 6 am (off-peak) 5 days per week. In the winter, the cooling loads are lower so the energy storage tanks meet the cooling requirements often for up to a week without recharging.United StatesCalifornia, San Diego[4]
PNM Prosperity Energy Storage ProjectBattery, advanced lead acid2.80.55.6The 2.8 MWh battery and a sophisticated control system augments a 500 KW solar PV installation.United StatesNew Mexico, Albuquerque[4]
Bethel Park High SchoolThermal storage, ice2.20.3756Ice-based cooling system charges during the night to augment the daytime cooling system.United StatesPennsylvania, Bethel Park[4]
Highview Pilot PlantCryogenic/liquid air energy storage2.40.3507Air is liquefied during the night-time and held in a tank until electricity is required. The liquid air is then returned to gaseous form to drive a turbine. Extreme cold is recovered and stored to assist with subsequent liquefaction, improving the overall efficiency of the system.United KingdomEngland, Berkshire, Slough[4]
Burlington 1 MWhBattery, Pb VRLA, flat plate (lead acid)10.2504A battery installation supplements and provides backup for grid power.United StatesVermont, South Burlington[4]
Fujian Electric Power Research Institute Mobile Energy Storage Station IBattery, lithium iron phosphate0.50.2502The Fujian Electric Power Research Institute developed a mobile energy storage prototype project consisting of (I) two sets of 125 KW/250KWh battery systems and (II) one 125 KW/375KWh hour battery system. The unit provides peak electricity for 10 to 15 commercial electricity consumers in the tea production industry. When Anxi is not producing tea, the system is moved to Fuan to meet peak electricity demands for the processing of white tea.ChinaFujian, Anxi[4]
EnerVault Redox Flow Battery Demonstration ProjectBattery, iron chromium redox flow10.2504This project will demonstrate a redox flow battery system in combination with an intermittent, renewable energy source.United StatesCalifornia, Denair[4]
Owens-Illinois World Headquarters Ice Thermal StorageThermal storage, ice30.25012Ice-based supplemental system, which is charged at night, assists the daytime cooling load.United StatesOhio, Perrysburg[4]
Illinois Institute of TechnologyBattery, zinc bromine redox flow0.50.2502A 500 KWH energy storage system for use in a micro-grid application for the Galvin Institute's "Perfect Power" system at the Illinois Institute of Technology campusUnited StatesIllinois, Chicago[4]
Fossil Ridge High School, Colorado Thermal StorageThermal storage, ice1.60.28Ice-based supplemental system, which is charged at night, assists the daytime cooling load.United StatesColorado, Fort Collins[4]
Smart Grid, Smart City (40 systems)Battery, zinc bromine redox flow0.40.22RedFlow has supplied 40 energy storage systems for the SGSC Project, that have been grid-feeding since early 2012. Each system contains a RedFlow 5 kW, 10 kWh zinc-bromide battery, resulting in a total 200 kW and 400 kWh of storage. The Smart Grid, Smart City program is an Australian Federal Government Initiative. This project is testing smart grid technology in an urban setting. Smart Grid, Smart City creates a testing ground for new energy supply technologies. At least 30,000 households will participate in the project over three years. The demonstration project gathers information about the benefits and costs of different smart grid technologies in an Australian setting.AustraliaNew South Wales, Newcastle[4]
El CapitanThermal storage, ice0.90.1506El Capitan was named LA BOMA Building of the Year in 1999. It is across from the Kodak Theatre on Hollywood's "Walk of Fame". A chiller and series of energy storage tanks are on the roof of the building and meet all of the cooling load during the peak times of the utility. The installation was part of a major retrofit project in 1997 and 1998. It yielded a 25 percent reduction in annual energy costs, saving the building management approximately $23,000 in utility costs each year. Additionally, building management has incrementally increased the number of hours the building relies on for energy storage, stabilizing energy costs as new tenants move into the building.United StatesCalifornia, Los Angeles[4]
Fujian Electric Power Research Institute Mobile Energy Storage Station IIBattery, lithium iron phosphate0.370.1253In October 2011, the Fujian Electric Power Research Institute began plans to develop a mobile energy storage prototype project consisting of (I) two sets of 125 kW, 250 kWh battery systems and (II) one 125 kW, 375 kWh hour battery system. This energy storage unit will provide peak electricity for 10 to 15 commercial electricity consumers in the tea production industry. When Anxi is not producing tea, the system is moved to Fuan to meet peak electricity demands for the processing of white tea.ChinaFujian, Anxi[4]
Green Charge Networks Lithium Ion Distributed Energy Storage System at AvisBattery, lithium-ion0.170.11.67Green Charge Networks' GreenStation demonstration consists of a Lithium Ion storage unit, a system controller, twenty-one Level 2 electric vehicle chargers, and a rooftop PV array. The GreenStation ensures that Avis has enough capacity to charge 21 EVs simultaneously, performs peak mitigation in the main building, and avoids utility service upgrades. The system is tied to a network operations center where loads are monitored and controlled in real time. The project is supported by a DOE Smart Grid Demonstration Grant.United StatesNew York, Queens[4]
Smart Grid, Smart City (20 systems)Battery, zinc bromine redox flow0.20.12RedFlow supplied 20 systems to the SGSC project in Scone. Each system contains a RedFlow 5 kW, 10 kWh zinc-bromide battery, resulting in a total 100 kW and 200 kWh of storage. The Smart Grid, Smart City program is an Australian Federal Government initiative. This project is testing smart grid technology in a rural setting. Smart Grid, Smart City creates a testing ground for new energy supply technologies. At least 30,000 households will participate in the project over three years. The demonstration project gathers information about the benefits and costs of different smart grid technologies in an Australian setting.AustraliaNew South Wales, Scone[4]
St. Kilian Parish and SchoolThermal storage, ice0.60.16Ice storage is charged at night using low cost electricity with a smaller right-sized air cooled chiller. The stored cooling can then be discharged when cooling loads are high, electric demand is high, or in response to a demand response event.United StatesPennsylvania, Butler County, Cranberry Township[4]
Tres Amigas SuperStationBattery, advanced lead acid0.20.12The Tres Amigas Interconnection will connect the three major power grids in the US, allowing energy to be sold across the US for the first time. An energy storage system (TBD) will provide regulation services for this complex facility.United StatesNew Mexico, Clovis[4][52][53]
University of Queensland M90Battery, zinc bromine redox flow0.180.092RedFlow's M90 energy storage system has been fully operational since 2 July 2012, installed at the University of Queensland and connected to one of the University's 340 kW solar arrays. The M90 is rated at 90 kW, 240 kWh and houses 24 of RedFlow's ZBMs in a 6.1 metres (20 ft) shipping container.AustraliaQueensland, Brisbane[4]
Landing Mall DRBattery, lithium iron phosphate0.040.0750.53A nominal 50-kWh bank of Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries packaged with a 75-kW inverter and open DR dispatch protocol is installed at a mall in downtown Port Angeles, WA. The storage bank can be charged or discharged via a remote signal by the local utility as a means for load shaping and Rapid Demand Response. The mall can also use the storage bank to peak shave when the storage is not used by the utility.United StatesWashington, Port Angeles[4]
Green Charge Networks Lithium Ion Distributed Energy Storage System at 7-ElevenBattery, lithium-ion0.150.053Green Charge Networks' GreenStation demonstration consists of a Lithium Ion storage unit, a system controller, two Level 2 electric vehicle chargers, and a rooftop PV array. Primary benefits include peak shaving and demand charge avoidance. The system is tied to a network operations center where loads are monitored and controlled in real-time. The project is supported by a U.S. Department of Energy Smart Grid Demonstration Grant.United StatesNew York, Queens[4]
Greensmith-International Battery Li-ion Energy Storage System DemonstrationBattery, lithium iron phosphate0.080.051.67The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The system, along with the other Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESS's), was installed in early/mid-2011 and has since been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol.United StatesTennessee, Knoxville[4]
BYD Li-ion Energy Storage System DemonstrationBattery, lithium iron phosphate0.0460.050.92The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The system, along with the other Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESSs), was installed in early/mid-2011 and has since been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol.United StatesTennessee, Knoxville[4]
SDG&E-Greensmith Li-ion Energy Storage System DemonstrationBattery, lithium-ion0.080.051.67As part of an EPRI collaborative research and development (R&D) project to evaluate the performance and reliability of a variety of grid-connected Li-ion battery technologies, San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) installed a 50 kW / 82 kWh Greensmith lithium-iron-phosphate distributed energy storage system (DESS) at the utility’s test facility. For this overarching collaborative demonstration, EPRI’s Energy Storage Program (P94) and Distributed Renewables Program (P174) are working in partnership with select utility members to investigate PV-battery integration capabilities. Serving as a “host” utility to EPRI’s supplemental demonstration initiative, SDG&E installed a Greensmith DESS in a grid-connected configuration in June 2011 and has been conducting operating evaluations of the unit over the past 6 months. Testing and operating evaluation conducted by SDG&E encompasses exercising the DESS’s various modes of operation, which include: - Constant power charge/discharge schedule; - Peak shaving; and - PV smoothing.United StatesCalifornia, San Diego[4]
Greensmith-Boston Power Li-ion Energy Storage SystemBattery, lithium iron phosphate0.0120.0250.5The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The system, along with the other Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESS's), was installed in early/mid-2011 and has since been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol.United StatesTennessee, Knoxville[4]
Beckett Energy Systems Li-ion Energy Storage System DemonstrationBattery, lithium iron phosphate0.0120.0250.5The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The system, along with the other Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESS's), was installed in early-mid-2011 and has since been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol.United StatesTennessee, Knoxville[4]
NEC Li-ion Energy Storage System DemonstrationBattery, lithium iron phosphate0.0480.0251.92The battery unit is one of several that are being tested by EPRI at its Power Delivery & Utilization (PDU) Lab in Knoxville, TN. The system, along with the other Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESSs), was installed in early/mid-2011 and has since been operating under various stages of testing against EPRI’s DESS test protocol.United StatesTennessee, Knoxville[4]
Iron Edison - 400Ah 48V Nickel Iron w/ TraceBattery, nickel iron (NiFe)0.20.0210This system had been installed around 1997. When the grid went down a few years ago across the northeastern US, the system owner found out that his battery no longer held any charge. He left the system disconnected until 2012 when he contacted Iron Edison to get a new battery for an old Trace inverter. This system features a 400 Ah 48V Nickel Iron battery sitting atop a custom-fit battery rack. It is an off-grid system supplementing on-site renewable generation.United StatesConnecticut, Danbury[4]
Iron Edison - 700Ah 24V Nickel Iron PWPBattery, nickel iron (NiFe)0.170.01710This 700Ah 24V nickel iron battery is powered by 2.8 kW of solar panels. This system utilizes the Apollo Solar Pre-wired Panel (PWP) with a 3,200 Watt pure sine wave inverter, and dual 80 amp Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controllersUnited StatesUtah, Montezuma Canyon[4]
Sodium-Ion Battery for Grid-level Applications DemonstrationBattery, aqueous hybrid ion (AHI)0.560.0144In June 2012, Aquion Energy completed the testing and demonstration requirements for the Department of Energy grant program with its low cost, grid-scale, ambient temperature Aqueous Hybrid Ion (AHI) energy storage device. The chemistry in this device uses an electrochemical couple that combines a high capacity carbon anode with a sodium intercalation cathode capable of thousands of deep discharge cycles over extended periods of time. Aquion's AHI technology uses thicker electrodes, less expensive separator and current collector materials, and benign materials for electrodes and the electrolyte. The testing successfully demonstrated a grid-connected, high voltage, 13.5 kWh system with a 4-hour discharge. Advanced system modeling will demonstrate application-level testing and the functionality of the unit with respect to its ability to respond to external control signals and properly interact with electric grid in carrying out relevant sequences.United StatesPennsylvania, Pittsburgh[4]
Amber Kinetics Flywheel Energy Storage DemonstrationFlywheel0.10.011Amber Kinetics is developing a flywheel system from sub-scale research prototype to full-scale mechanical flywheel battery and will conduct both a commercial-scale and a utility-scale demonstration. The goal is to deliver a cost-effective prototype flywheel system that can be grid connected and electrically charged and discharged. The system will have built-in sensing components that can determine frequency and voltage characteristics of the grid and can override the grid signal to manage the amount of electricity discharged. The flywheel stores energy in a spinning rotor that is connected to an electric motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. To recover the energy the motor is electrically reversed and used as a generator to slow down the flywheel converting the mechanical energy back into electrical energy. Amber Kinetics will improve the traditional flywheel system by engineering breakthroughs in three areas, resulting in higher efficiency and radically reduced cost: magnetic bearings, low-cost rotor, and high-efficiency motor generator. This technology can also be used to optimize existing infrastructure/pdfsUnited StatesCalifornia, Fremont[4]
ThabakgoloBattery, manganese cobalt0.480.0224This is a cluster of free standing microgrids, with solar, wind, and diesel inputs, in the villages of the Drakensberg Escarpment.South AfricaLimpopo, Steelpoort[29]
Charleston Energy Storage ProjectBattery, sodium-sulfur616This was the first MW-Scale NAS application outside Japan, installed by American Electric Power to provide peak-shaving and transmission upgrade deferral benefits. This kind of system is particularly well-suited to transmission upgrade deferral because it can be moved to where it is needed most at any given time, unlike conventional transmission upgrade solutions. DOE/Sandia provided partial sponsorship, covering non-repeat expenses. Over the short term, the purpose of the Charleston Energy Storage Project is to mitigate current local capacity constraints and service reliability issues. The long term objective is to bring AEP one step closer to its vision of a storage-buffered grid of the future.United StatesWest Virginia, Charleston[29]
Rankin Substation Energy Storage ProjectBattery, sodium nickel chloride0.280.4020.7Duke has arranged 12 batteries manufactured by the Italian company FIAMM for use in series in hybrid electric buses to make a 402-kilowatt battery. It is used to smooth out large minute-by-minute spikes and troughs in production from the 1.2-megawatt rooftop solar project Duke operates about a mile away.United StatesNorth Carolina, Mount Holly[29]
EnStorage Technology DemonstratorBattery, hydrogen bromine redox flow0.10.052EnStorage developed a cost effective flow battery based on proprietary hydrogen bromine technology. EnStorage connected its first technology demonstrator to the grid with a net-metering agreement and are further commercializing its system. The commercial system will have power rating of 150 KW with 6 hours of storage (900 kW/h) within a standard 40 feet (12 m) shipping container.IsraelNegev, Dimona[29]
UC San Diego ZBB / Sunpower Energy Storage CSI 2Battery, lithium-ion0.30.13The University of California, San Diego, will host the installation and testing of a six ZBB Enerstore systems installed as single energy storage system to demonstrate the benefits of demand reduction utilizing power from a nearby PV array. This project is being funded by the California Solar Initiative (CSI) by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC).United StatesCalifornia, San Diego[29]
PG&E Vaca Battery Energy Storage Pilot ProjectBattery, sodium-sulfur1427This project will be located at a substation near the Vaca Dixon Solar Plant of Vacaville, CA It's a 2-MW–14 MWh installation that will address load shaping, renewables integration, and ancillary services.United StatesCalifornia, Vacaville[29]
Altairnano Hawaii Solar Integration ProjectBattery, lithium-ion titanate111Altairnano (ALTI) was awarded a firm contract with the Hawai'i Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) of the University of Hawaii at Manoa to supply a 1 MW ALTI-ESS energy storage system for a test of solar energy integration. The contract requires Altairnano to build, ship, install and commission its ALTI-ESS advanced energy storage system, and provide technical support and system monitoring and reporting over a period of three years. The research project, funded through a grant from the Office of Naval Research, is designed to test the battery system for the technology to enable integration of solar energy into an electric grid. Hawaiian Electric Company plans to install the energy storage system at one of its utility sites on the island of Oahu in early 2014 due to a rapid increase in solar installations.United StatesHawaii, Oahu[29]
Marshall Steam Station Energy Storage ProjectBattery, lithium-ion0.750.253The purpose of the Marshall Energy Storage System is to utilize energy generated from an adjacent 1.0 MW solar PV system to perform diurnal peak shaving for the upstream distribution substation. System components include: -800 kWh, 250 kW Superior Lithium Polymer battery (Exergonix, Inc.) -1.0 MVA Inverter/Storage Management System (S&C). -Interconnection to 12.47 kV medium voltage circuit -Located adjacent to a 1.0 MW solar facility. A key research goal of that project is to quantify efficiency impacts associated with storing the electricity for shorter or longer periods.United StatesNorth Carolina, Sherrills Ford[29]
Beacon Power Tehachapi Flywheel ProjectFlywheel0.0250.10.25A Smart Energy 25 (Gen 4) flywheel energy storage system was installed at Tehachapi in March 2010 by Beacon Power. The system is part of a wind power–flywheel demonstration project being carried out for the California Energy Commission. The primary goal of the project is to demonstrate that advanced control technology with energy storage can help expand the delivery of wind energy by effectively increasing the capacity of constrained transmission facilities in the area.United StatesCalifornia, Tehachapi[29]
Kansas City Power & Light Green Impact Zone Smart Grid DemonstrationBattery, lithium-ion111Kansas City Power and Light Company (KCP&L) and its partners are demonstrating an end-to-end SmartGrid built around a major SmartSubstation with a local distributed control system based on IEC 61850 protocols and control processors. KCP&L is implementing a 1 MW by 1 MWh Li-ion battery system from Dow Kokam as part of this initiative.United StatesMissouri, Kansas City[29]
Saft Enel Substation Energy Storage ProjectBattery, lithium-ion0.510.5Saft's substation is located in the Puglia region of Italy, an area with a high level of variable and intermittent power from renewable energy sources that can cause reverse power flows on the high/medium voltage transformers. The role of Saft’s batteries in the energy storage system is to reduce the variability of power flow as well as allowing for more controllable energy exchange between the substation and the Italian national grid.ItalyApulia, Foggia[29]
CCET Technology Solutions for Wind IntegrationBattery, lithium-ion111Samsung SDI, an affiliate of Samsung Group, and Xtreme Power announced that they have been selected by the Center for the Commercialization of Electric Technologies (CCET) to install a 1 MW - 1 MWh Lithium Ion based Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) system at the Reese Technology Center in Lubbock, Texas as part of a Smart Grid Demonstration Project (SGDP). The $27 million demonstration project will be connected to SPEC's distribution grid at the Reese Technology Center as part of an ongoing wind technology program managed by GroupNIRE and Texas Tech University.United StatesTexas, Lubbock[29]
City of Fort Collins Utilities Four Cities Smart Grid Development ProjectThermal storage, ice?0.227?The project will address the research, development, and demonstration of a coordinated and integrated system of 3.5 MW of mixed distributed to achieve a 20-30 percent peak load reduction on two distribution feeders. Site 1: New Belgium: a 135-kW new thermal storage; and a 160-kW load shedding potentials. Site 2: a 92-kW thermal storage; Site 3: Colorado State University - deploys an 80-kW thermal storage.United StatesColorado, Fort Collins[29]
SDG&E Borrego Springs Microgrid Demonstration ProjectBattery, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum1.50.53The SDG&E microgrid project involves integration of five technologies, including distributed energy resources (DER) and VAR management, feeder automation system technologies (FAST), advanced energy storage, an outage/distribution management system, and price-driven load management. SDG&E installed a 1.5 MWh Li-ion battery energy storage system at the Borrego Springs Substation in June 2012.United StatesCalifornia, Borrego Springs[29]
Borrego Springs Microgrid Demonstration ProjectBattery, lithium polymer0.140.0752The SDG&E microgrid project integrates a United States Department of Energy (DOE) component - focused on utility-side applications, and a California Energy Commission (CEC) portion, which focuses on customer-side applications. Goals of the DOE portion include achieving a greater than 15 percent reduction in feeder peak load, exploring microgrid islanding, and improving system reliability. Borrego Substation, with a peak load of over 10 MW. SDG&E has installed two 25 kW/50 kWh Li-ion batteries and one 25 kW/25 kWh Li-ion battery on Circuit 170 at 12 kV.United StatesCalifornia, Borrego Springs[29]
University of Hawaii Smart Grid Regional and Energy Storage Demonstration ProjectBattery, lithium-ion1110An advanced energy storage system will be installed at the Maui Electric Company substation in Wailea as part of the Maui Smart Grid Project. The Grid Battery System is being provided by A123 Systems, designed to deliver one megawatt of power for a full hour, reducing the peak energy load on the substation’s transformers.United StatesHawaii, Wailea[29]
Allegheny Power RDSI Demonstration ProjectBattery, lithium-ion0.0480.0242The Super Circuit microgrid installation — a 160-kilowatt natural gas generator, a 40-kilowatt solar array and three lithium-ion batteries that can put out a total of 24 kilowatts of power for two hours.United StatesWest Virginia, Morgantown[29]
McAlpine Circuit CES SystemBattery, sodium nickel chloride0.0240.0241Duke Energy's Smart Grid Demonstration activities include work in the Envision Energy pilot in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Envision Energy project consists of two substation scale energy storage installations, a one MW solar installation, two community energy storage locations, communication nodes, distribution devices, metering, home energy management systems, residential PV, intelligent EVSE and plug-in vehicles. The Purpose of CES Systems is to perform transformer-level peak shaving by integrating with residential level distributed resources and loadsUnited StatesNorth Carolina, Charlotte[29]
Project Barbados Commercial PilotBattery, lithium-ion?2.0?Project Barbados went online in November 2008 as the first Li-ion battery system connected to the power grid for commercial services.United StatesPennsylvania, Norristown[29]
UC San Diego Panasonic / Sanyo Energy SystemBattery, lithium-ion0.030.031Since July 2011, UCSD has served as the site host to a 30 kW/30 kWh PV integrated storage system from Panasonic/Sanyo.United StatesCalifornia, San Diego[29]
Ultralife SUNY Canton Wind Integration DemonstrationBattery, lithium-ion20.54Ultralife Corporation has been awarded a total of $3 million by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and the New York Power Authority (NYPA), to support a wind turbine demonstration project planned for installation on the campus of the State University of New York at Canton (SUNY Canton) with an advanced 2 megawatt-hour Lithium Ion Battery energy storage at a rate of up to 500 kilowatts for up to four hoursUnited StatesNew York, Canton[29]
Anchorage Area Battery Energy Storage SystemBattery, lithium-ion15250.6This project includes the installation of a 25 MW / 14 mWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in the Anchorage area. This device will add stability to the system and provide a measure of “spin” to facilitate spooling-up alternative generation in the event of an outage, part of Alaska Railbelt Cooperative Transmission and Electric Company's (ARCTEC) Unconstrain Bradley Lake Hydroelectric Project.United StatesAlaska, Anchorage[29]
Milton NaS Battery Energy Storage SystemBattery, sodium-sulfur14.427.2AEP’s 2-MW units were deployed in 2008, and are capable of providing islanding (backup power) for over seven hours when loss of utility power from the substation occurs. Source: ""Energy Storage and Project Demos"" Electric Power Energy Research (EPRI)United StatesWest Virginia, Milton[29]
Churubusco NaS Battery Energy Storage SystemBattery, sodium-sulfur14.427.2AEP’s 2-MW units were deployed in 2008, and are capable of providing islanding (backup power) for over seven hours when loss of utility power from the substation occurs.United StatesIndiana, Churubusco[29]
Bluffton NaS Energy Storage SystemBattery, sodium-sulfur14.427.2American Electric Power in Ohio (AEP Ohio) has 2-MW units which were deployed in 2008, and are capable of providing islanding (backup power) for over seven hours when loss of utility power from a substation occurs.United StatesOhio, Bluffton[29]
Public Service Company of New Mexico PV Plus Battery for Simultaneous Voltage Smoothing and Peak ShiftingBattery, lead acid, valve regulated (VRLA)10.254Public Service Company of New Mexico and its partners will co-locate a 1.0 MWh advanced lead acid battery (that integrates an Advanced VRLA and UltraBattery technology) with a separately installed 500 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) plant to create a dispatchable distributed generation resource. The BESS operates at 250 kW with a duration of 4 hours when performing energy time shift, and 500 kW with a duration of 15 minutes when performing voltage smoothing.United StatesNew Mexico, Albuquerque[29]
Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration: Residential Energy Storage UnitsBattery0.0160.0044Southern California Edison (SCE) and its partners will deploy advanced Smart Grid SG) technologies. The demonstration will be conducted in Irvine, California and will include two 12kV distribution circuits fed by SCE’s MacArthur Substation, residential homes, and EV charging in a parking lot at the University of California, Irvine.United StatesCalifornia, Irvine[29]
HECO–Greensmith Battery Energy Storage SystemBattery, lithium iron phosphate0.020.0054Greensmith has provided HECO with a lithium ion BESS to integrate a level 2 EV charging station with a nearby solar array.United StatesHawaii, Honolulu[29]
Alliant Techsystems (ATK) Launch Systems Demonstration ProjectCompressed air storage, modular0.060.080.75Alliant Techsystems's project will integrate an ambitious and highly diverse set of distributed resources. These include four heat recovery systems for a total of 1,400 kW. For storage, the project includes up to 1,440 kW of pumped hydro capacity for two-to-four hours, and an above-ground compressed air energy storage (CAES) and generation system (80 kW capacity for 30–60 minutes).United StatesUtah, Promontory[29]
Discovery at Spring Trails Residential Energy StorageBattery, lithium-ion0.420.0314This project is slated to include up to 30 home installations, each with a battery rated at 1 kW.United StatesTexas, Spring[29]
UC San Diego BMW Energy Storage SystemBattery, lithium-ion1.160.1082The BMW project is fully sponsored by BMW, and will consist of utilizing used mini-E electric vehicle batteries, and will have about 108 kW of power capacity and 2–3 hours of energy storage. The system will be integrated with PV solar and possibly fast EV DC charging.United StatesCalifornia, San Diego[29]
UC San Diego SGIP Energy Storage ProjectBattery1052The University of California, San Diego has been approved for incentives from California’s Self-Generation Incentive Program for the installation of energy storage, to be integrated with PV renewable generationUnited StatesCalifornia, San Diego[29]
Con Edison–Eos Energy Storage Distributed Energy Storage PilotBattery, zinc hybrid cathode616Eos Energy Storage and Consolidated Edison stated that the pilot, targeted to begin in early 2014, is a milestone in the scale-up and commercialization of Eos’s core product, a 1 MW–6 MWh grid-scale battery called the Eos Aurora. The Aurora is backed by Eos’s novel, low-cost and proprietary zinc hybrid cathode technology, which has a 75% round-trip efficiency rate and a 10,000-cycle/30-year lifetime.United StatesNew York, New York[29]
Electrochemical Energy Storage ProjectBattery, manganese cobalt111The project integrates one megawatt hour of stored energy into a power grid that supports three major campus facilities.CanadaBritish Columbia, Vancouver[29]
Northern Powergrid Battery Storage TrialBattery5.72.852The trial is part of a larger project known as the Customer-Led Network Revolution (CLNR). Six energy-storage devices were installed across a mixture of rural and urban locations in Northern England, to help balance the supply and demand of electricity for thousands of residential and business properties and test the effectiveness of energy storage batteries as part of an overall smart grid solution. Three of the devices have a capacity of 100 kWh, two are 200 kWh and the largest one having a capacity of 5 MWh, making it one of the largest in Europe. Participating organizations include Northern Powergrid, British Gas, EA Technology, Durham and Newcastle universities, with funding by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (OFGEM) under its Tier 1 Low Carbon Network Fund.United KingdomEngland, Darlington;
plus Northumberland;
and Maltby, South Yorkshire		[54][55]
Modular Energy Storage Architecture ProjectBattery, lithium-ion111Snohomish County Public Utility District (PUD) and 1Energy Systems will partner to develop a one-megawatt battery energy storage system, built on the Modular Energy Storage Architecture (MESA).United StatesWashington, Everett[29]
South Austin Recreational Center Distributed Energy Storage PilotThermal storage, ice0.070.0154.7An ice-storage project at the South Austin Recreational Center.United StatesTexas, Austin[29]
Khi Solar One Power PlantThermal Storage, Steam100502Khi Solar One is a 50 MW concentrated solar power plant with a power tower that uses large, sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) to focus sunlight on a receiver at the top of a tower. Water is pumped up to the tower mounted receiver and is converted to steam, which, in turn, is used in a conventional turbine generator to produce electricity. The power station will include a facility to store steam, enabling it to generate electricity for two hours when the sun is not shining.South AfricaNorthern Cape Province, Upington[29][56]
Drake Landing Solar CommunityThermal Storage, Solar heat radiated to soil1.5Drake Landing Solar Community began operation in 2006. Solar thermal energy is collected in flat plate glazed collectors, pumped to a bore field where the heat is radiated to soil. That process is reversed to utilize the heat in 52 single family (detached) homes. In 2012, DLSC set a world record by heating the 52 homes with 97% renewable energy. The borefield that stores the heat is approximately 100 feet wide in each direction and 120 feet deep.CanadaOkotoks, Alberta
KaXu Solar OneThermal storage, molten salt3001003KaXu Solar One is a 100 MW parabolic trough plant. The power station will have a storage capacity of three hours and use molten salt to store heat energy. In the parabolic trough system, the sun's energy is concentrated by parabolically curved, trough-shaped reflectors onto a receiver pipe running along the focal line of the curved surface. This energy heats oil flowing through the pipe, and the heat energy is then used to convert water to steam and generate electricity in a conventional steam generator.South AfricaNorthern Cape Province, Pofadder[29]
Bokpoort Concentrated Solar PlantThermal storage, molten salt450509The Bokpoort CSP Project, being contracted in 2014, comprises a solar field, a power block, a thermal energy storage system and related infrastructure such as grid interconnection and water abstraction and treatment systems. The solar field comprises loops of parabolic trough solar collector assemblies which will collect the heat from the sun. The solar collectors will be capable of heating the heat transfer fluid up to 393 °C. The power block comprises a solar steam generator and a steam turbine delivering 50 MW (net).South AfricaNorthern Cape Province, Globershoop[29]
Hybrid energy storage system BraderupBattery, lithium-ion, vanadium redox flow32.331.3Since July 2014 the Energiespeicher Nord GmbH & Co. KG operates one of the biggest hybrid batteries in Europe. The hybrid system consists of a lithium-ion battery storage (2MW power, 2MWh storage capacity) and a vanadium redox flow battery storage (330 kW power, 1 MWh storage capacity). Sony delivers the lithium-ion modules, Vanadis Power GmbH the vanadium redox flow battery. The storage system is connected to the local community wind farm (18 MW installed capacity) to save a possible electricity surplus. Depending on wind strength and charge status of each battery the generated power of the wind turbines is distributed by a controlling system of the Robert Bosch GmbH to the suitable battery. Bosch furthermore stands responsible for the project implementation and system integration.GermanySchleswig-Holstein, Braderup[29][57]
Solar storage system MuswellbrookBattery0.216In November 2014 Photon Energy Australia Pty Ltd commissioned a solar energy storage system which supplies a broadcast antenna in Muswellbrook, Australia, as the primary energy source. The project was developed in cooperation with the German Energy Agency dena and uses mainly German technology. The 39 kWp solar array was installed at a higher angle, 40 degrees, to maximise yield in the winter months. The panels feed 216 kWh of solar batteries. Three inverters regulate the energy flow to the broadcast tower. In case of an emergency the system starts a back-up diesel generator.AustraliaNew South Wales, Muswellbrook[58][59]
Solar storage system SWARM (Storage With Amply Redundant Megawatt)Battery1.30.02In July 2015, pre-qualification was for the first time obtained for a network of privately used solar power storage systems for supply of Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) in Germany. Prequalification was granted by the company TenneT TSO GmbH, in conjunction with all German transmission system operators. As a result, 65 solar power storages in the SWARM pilot project contribute to stabilization of the power grid. The joint project by the technology and system supplier, Caterva GmbH, and by the Nuremberg community utility N-ERGIE Aktiengesellschaft, is supported by a grant of the State of Bavaria.GermanyBavaria, Franconia[60][61]
John Joseph Moakley United States CourthouseThermal storage, ice?Cheaper nighttime electricity freezes water using chilled circulating glycol, which is used to reduce electricity needed for daytime coolingUnited StatesMassachusetts, Boston[62]
Hornsdale Power ReserveBattery, lithium-ion129Tesla Powerpack is charged using renewable energy and delivers electricity during peak hours to help maintain the reliable operation of South Australia's electrical infrastructure. It provides up to 100 MW peak with a capacity of 129 MWhAustraliaSouth Australia, Jamestown[63]
Project brine4power EWE GasspeicherBattery, salt water, polymers, redox flow7205.83120EWE Gasspeicher plans to build the battery by employing the well-known redox flow battery principle – in which electrical energy is stored in a liquid – along with new, environmentally friendly components in underground salt caverns. These kinds of caverns are currently used to store natural gas. EWE Gasspeicher is collaborating on the project – brine for power – with the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, which developed the innovative components. It uses salt water and recyclable polymers (plastics).GermanyLower Saxony, Jemgum[64][65]

See also

References

This article contains text from the United States Department of Energy, DOE Energy Storage Database, a work in the public domain.
  1. 1 2 Edwin Cartlidge (18 November 2011). "Saving for a rainy day". Science (Vol 334). pp. 922–924. Missing or empty |url= (help)
  2. ↑ http://www.scle-sfe.fr/fr/Actualites/Cofely-Ineo-inaugure-le-Smart-Grid-Solaire-d%27Alata/44/
  3. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVHQFrGzThg
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 DOE Energy Storage Database, Sandia National Laboratories, United States Department of Energy. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
  5. ↑ http://www.uetechnologies.com/news/72-unienergy-technologies-strategic-partner-to-deliver-world-s-largest-battery
  6. ↑ https://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/fuel-cells/its-big-and-longlived-and-it-wont-catch-fire-the-vanadium-redoxflow-battery
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  10. ↑ http://mae.engr.ucdavis.edu/jwpark/DavisSite/pages/BWF-microgrid.html
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  14. ↑ Jansen, Ryan. Smoothing It Out: Improving Wind Turbine Reliability with Energy Storage, Saskatchewan Research Council, April 9, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  15. ↑ Nicholl, Andrea. Cowessess leads First Nation’s communities in clean energy technologies, SaskNewsNow.com, September 22, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2014. Archived April 16, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ Campbell, John. Wind energy storage plan for Kilroot power station, BBC News, April 1, 2014.
  17. ↑ Smith, Patrick. AES plans 100MW Northern Ireland wind energy storage, WindPowerMonthly.com website, April 3, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  18. ↑ AES Files for 100 Megawatt Grid Storage Connection in Northern Ireland (media release), AESEnergyStorage.com website, April 1, 2014.
  19. ↑ http://www.irishnews.com/business/2016/01/08/news/power-firm-aes-completes-storage-facility-at-kilroot-375671/
  20. 1 2 Galbraith, Kate. Filling the Gaps in the Flow of Renewable Energy, The New York Times, October 2, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Andasol 1 Goes Into Operation". RenewableEnergyWorld.com. 6 November 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  22. ↑ "Andasol: The World's Largest Solar Thermal Power Plant Project Development in Andalucia (Spain)" (PDF). Solar Millennium. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  23. ↑ Japan to install world’s largest storage battery for renewable energy, Ecoseed.org website, April 19, 2013.
  24. ↑ Hull, Dana. California poised to adopt first-in-nation energy storage mandate, San Jose Mercury News, 15 October 2013. Retrieved from mercurynews.com on 16 October 2013
  25. ↑ PG&E begins operation of 4 MW energy storage project, Energy Storage Journal, June 2013
  26. ↑ Herndon, Andrew. PG&E Operating Second Energy Storage System With NGK Batteries, Bloomberg News, 23 May 2013. Retrieved on 16 October 2013
  27. ↑ E.ON inaugurates power-to-gas unit in Falkenhagen in eastern Germany: Unit injects hydrogen into natural gas system for first time on industrial scale (media release), Eon.com website, 28 August 2013.
  28. ↑ Bilfinger automates power-to-gas pilot plant for E.ON (media release), Bilfinger.com website, August 28, 2013.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 DOE Energy Storage Database, Sandia National Laboratories, United States Department of Energy. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  30. ↑ BC Hydro to cut ribbon at New Clean Energy Project in Yoho, Kootenay BizBlog, September 2013.
  31. ↑ Field Energy Storage Unit; Canadian Environmental Assessment Registry: 10-01-57392; Natural Resources Canada: 2010‑0008Y
  32. ↑ The Wind Energy Institute of Canada awards contract for supply of a Battery Energy Storage System... (media release), WEICan.ca website, May 2, 2013.
  33. 1 2 3 Packing Some Power: Energy Technology: Better ways of storing energy are needed if electricity systems are to become cleaner and more efficient, The Economist, 3 March 2012
  34. ↑ Abengoa’s Solana, the US’s first large-scale solar plant with thermal energy storage system, begins commercial operation, Abengoa, 9 October 2013
  35. ↑ Randazzo, Ryan (21 February 2008). "Plant to brighten state's solar future". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
  36. ↑ Randazzo, Ryan (3 July 2010). "Arizona solar plant gets big boost from feds". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
  37. ↑ "Abengoa closes $1.45 billion federal loan guarantee for Arizona solar farm". Reuters. 21 December 2010.
  38. 1 2 Gies, Erica. Global Clean Energy: A Storage Solution Is in the Air, International Herald Tribune, 1 October 2012. Retrieved from NYTimes.com website on 19 March 2013
  39. ↑ Wald, Matthew L. Using Compressed Air To Store Up Electricity, The New York Times, 29 September 1991
  40. ↑ Sakelaris, Nicholas. Energy storage project deemed success, could pave way for more batteries on Texas grid, Dallas Business Journal, April 14, 2014, updated April 15, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  41. ↑ Wald, Matthew L. (2011), "Batteries at a Wind Farm Help Control Output", The New York Times, 28 October 2011, p. B3
  42. ↑ Flywheel-based Solutions for Grid Reliability, Beacon Power website, May 2006. Retrieved on 21 March 2013
  43. 1 2 Wild, Matthew, L. Wind Drives Growing Use of Batteries, The New York Times, 28 July 2010, p. B1
  44. ↑ Ricketts, Camille. DOE Charges Up Flywheels, Finalizes $43M Loan to Beacon Power, VentureBeat, The New York Times, 10 August 2010 Discusses Beacon Power and flywheel energy storage.
  45. ↑ Beacon Power, Hazle Township
  46. ↑ Audrey McAvoy. Hawaii's Kahuku Wind Farm Is An Industry Pioneer, Despite Fire Setback, Huffington Post, 1 August 2012
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  48. ↑ Southern California Edison Company: Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project, National Energy Laboratory for the Office of Electric Energy Reliability, US Department of Energy, December 2010 (PDF). Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  49. ↑ Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project: Lithium-ion battery and smart inverter technologies will improve grid performance and wind integration, National Energy Laboratory for the Office of Electric Energy Reliability, US Department of Energy, October 2012 (PDF). Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  50. ↑ Alameda County: Santa Rita Jail Smart Grid, Project Overview, Chevron Corporation and County of Alameda, California, 28 March 2012
  51. ↑ Ford and DTE Energy Soak up the Rays with One of Michigan’s Largest Solar Power Projects (press release), Ford Motor Company, 11 February 2011 Archived June 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  52. ↑ Superconductors to Wire a Smarter Grid, Technology Review, 2009-11-12. Accessed 2010-11-20.
  53. ↑ The Tres Amigas Project: America's Renewable Energy Hub?, FastCompany.com, October 2009.
  54. ↑ Northern Powergrid puts electrical energy storage technology to the test in the UK, Renewable Energy Focus, March 4, 2014. Retrieved from renewableenergyfocus.com.
  55. ↑ McCusker, Peter. North East Project Testing Effectiveness Of Energy Storage Technology, The Journal, April 23, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  56. ↑ Baring the secrets of Khi Solar One, CSPToday.com website.
  57. ↑ An ideal combination: high-power and high-energy Double battery for energy storage facility in Braderup Highly flexible management of wind power, press release May 27, 2014
  58. ↑ PV system planned for remote telcom tower, Business spectator, 16 July 2014
  59. ↑ Project Website
  60. ↑ Swarm battery storage prequalified for primary energy regulation, Chinese European Energy News, 7 August 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2016
  61. ↑ For the first time: Frequency Containment Reserve by privately used swarm of Energy Storage Systems, PDF file of Caterva press release, 27 July 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2016
  62. ↑ What Moakley Courthouse's Old-School Cooling System Could Teach Us About Energy Storage
  63. ↑ "Tesla Powerpack to Enable Large Scale Sustainable Energy to South Australia". Tesla. 6 July 2017.
  64. ↑ EWE plans to build the world´s largest battery, EWE AG press release, 22. June 2017
  65. ↑ Project: brine4power - Green mega-battery for green energy
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