Somali Region

Somali Regional State
Dawlada Deegaanka Soomaalida
ሶማሊ ክልል
Regional State

Flag

Map of Ethiopia showing Somali State
Country Ethiopia
Capital Jigjiga
Government
 • President Mustafa Muhummed Omer
 • Vice-President Adam Farah ibrahim
Area
 • Total 279,252 km2 (107,820 sq mi)
Population (2017)
 • Total 8.5 million[1]
Demonym(s) Somali
Time zone UTC+3 (EAT)
Area code(s) +251
ISO 3166 code ET-SO

The Somali Regional State (Somali: Dawlada Deegaanka Soomaalida, Arabic: الدولة المنطقة الصومالية‎) or the ogaden, is the largest and easternmost of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia. The state borders the Ethiopian states of Afar, the chartered city Dire Dawa (Diridhawa), Oromia to the west, as well as Djibouti to the north, Somalia to the north, east, and south, and Kenya to the south-west.

Jigjiga has been the capital of the Somali Regional State. The capital had been Gode since 1994. On April 1994, the capital was moved to Jigjiga on account of political considerations.[2] Other major towns and cities include: Degehabur, Shilavo, Kebri Beyah, Godey, Kebri Dahar, Werder, Tuli Guleed, Feer-feer, Barey, Fiiq, babile, Filtu, Hargele, Moyale, and Shinile.

Overview

Sultan Bihi Momeen of the Ogaden.
Main street in Jijiga's Laanta Hawada neighborhood

The Somali State covers much of the traditional territory of Ogaden and it formed a large part of the pre-1995 province of Hararghe. The population is predominantly Somali, and there have been attempts to incorporate the area into a Greater Somalia. In the 1970s, Somalia, supported by the United States, invaded Ethiopia, igniting the Ogaden War, which Somalia lost due to timely military intervention from the Soviet Union and its ally Cuba. Despite this defeat, local groups still tried either to become part of Somalia or independent.

The 2007 Abole oil field raid, in which 72 Chinese and Ethiopian oilfield workers were killed, has led to a series of military reprisals against the rebel group ONLF Ogaden National Liberation Front.

Until its first-ever district elections in February 2004, Zonal and woreda administrators, and village chairmen were appointed by the Regional government. Senior politicians at the Regional level nominated their clients to the local government positions. In the 2004 local elections, each woreda elected a council including a spokesman, vice-spokesman, administrator, and vice-administrator. These councils have the responsibility of managing budgets and development activities within their respective districts.[3]

Demographics

Official zones and woredas
Dr. Mohamed Abdulghani, President of the Somali Region Chamber of Commerce From Ogaden Clan (Bahgari)

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), the Somali Region has a total population of 4,445,219, consisting of 2,472,490 men and 1,972,729 women; urban inhabitants number 623,004 or 14.02% of the population, a further 1,687,858 or 37.97% were pastoralists. With an estimated area of 279,252 square kilometers, this region has an estimated density of 15.9 people per square kilometer. For the entire region 685,986 households were counted, which results in an average for the Region of 6.8 persons to a household, with urban households having on average 6 and rural households 6.5 people. Ethnic groups include Somalis (97.2%), Amhara (0.66%), Oromo (0.46%), foreign-born Somalis (0.20%) and Gurages (0.12%). The population was projected to be 5,748,998 in 2017.[1]

There are 8 refugee camps and 1 transit center, housing 212,967 refugees from Somalia, located in Somali Region.[4]

In the previous census, conducted in 1994, the region's population was reported to be 3,439,860, of which 1,875,996 were males and 1,563,864 were females. The urban residents of the Somali Region numbered 492,710 households, with an average of 6.6 persons per household; a high sex ratio of 120 males to 100 females was reported.[5] The ethnic groups included Somalis (96.23%), Oromo (2.25%), Amhara (0.69%), and Gurages (0.14%). Somali was the working language and is predominantly spoken within the Region, spoken by 95.9% of the inhabitants. Other major languages included Oromifa (2.24%), Amharic (0.92%), and Gurage (0.033%). 98.7% of the population were Muslim, 0.9% Orthodox Christian, and 0.3% are followers of other religions.[6]

According to the CSA, as of 2004, 38.98% of the total population had access to safe drinking water, of whom 21.32% were rural inhabitants and 77.21% were urban.[7] Values for other reported common indicators of the standard of living for Somali as of 2005 include the following: 71.8% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 22% and for women 9.8%; and the Regional infant mortality rate is 57 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is less than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants’ first month of life.[8]

YearEthiopia
population		Somali Region
population		% of EthiopiaSource
2007 73,918,505 4,439,147 6.01%
2012 84,320,987 5,148,989 6.11%
2013 86,613,986 5,318,000 6.14%

Languages

Somali was spoken by 98.82% of the inhabitants. Other minor languages included Amharic (0.67%), and Oromifa (0.51%).

Religion

Islam accounts for 98.4% of the population, 0.6% Orthodox Christian, and 1.0% are followers of all other religions.[9]


Agriculture

As part of the Camel Milk Value-Chain Development project ceremony, women from Fafan village in the Somali Regional State offer fresh camel milk and other local delicacies in traditional containers.

The CSA of Ethiopia estimated in 2005 that farmers in the Somali Region had a total of 459,720 cattle (representing 1.19%% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 463,000 sheep (2.66%), 650,970 goats (5.02%), 91,550 donkey (3.66%), 165,260 camels (36.2%), 154,670 poultry of all species (0.5%), and 5,330 beehives (0.12%). For nomadic inhabitants, the CSA provided two sets of estimates, one based on aerial surveys and the other on more conventional methodology:[10]

LivestockAerial survey
(conducted 5-23 Nov. 2003)		Conventional survey
(conducted 11 Dec. 2003)
Cattle 670,280 130,610
Sheep 6,410,800 250,110
Goats 5,525,460 177,580
Camels 1,041,870 64,510
Donkeys 42,640 14,290
Mules 430 160
Horses 50 -

Administrative zones

Somali Region Administrative map

Somali Region is subdivided into ten administrative zones:[11]

The zones are themselves subdivided into districts.

References

  1. 1 2 Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  2. ↑ "April 1994 Monthly Situation Report" United Nations Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia (accessed 29 May 2008)
  3. ↑ Tobias Hagmann, Mohamud H. Khalif: "State and Politics in Ethiopia's Somali region since 1991", Bildhaan: the International Journal of Somali Studies Archived 2011-08-31 at the Wayback Machine., 6 (2006), p. 33
  4. ↑ "Registered Somali Refugee Population". The UN Refugee Agency. July 31, 2014.
  5. ↑ The 1994 National Census was delayed in the Somali Region until 1997. The Census did not cover all parts of the Region, namely rural kebeles in the following Zones: Shinile, Fiq, Gode, and Afder. The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Somali Region, vol.1 Archived 2008-12-07 at the Wayback Machine., Chapter 2 "Population size and characteristics"
  6. ↑ FDRE States: Basic Information - Somalia Archived 2005-05-22 at the Wayback Machine., Population (accessed 12 March 2006)
  7. ↑ "Households by sources of drinking water, safe water sources" Archived 2008-11-18 at the Wayback Machine. CSA Selected Basic Welfare Indicators (accessed 28 January 2009)
  8. ↑ Macro International Inc. "2008. Ethiopia Atlas of Key Demographic and Health Indicators, 2005." (Calverton: Macro International, 2008), pp. 2, 3, 10 (accessed 28 January 2009)
  9. ↑ " Census 2007 Tables: Somali Region", Tables 2.1, 2.5, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4
  10. ↑ "CSA 2005 National Statistics" Archived 2008-11-18 at the Wayback Machine., Tables D.4 - D.7.
  11. ↑ "Ethiopia: Somali Region Administrative map (as of 05 Jan 2015)". OCHA. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2017.

Further reading

  • Tobias Hagmann, "Beyond clannishness and colonialism: understanding political disorder in Ethiopia's Somali Region, 1991- 2004", Journal of Modern African Studies, 43 (2005), 509-536.

Coordinates: 7°26′19″N 44°17′49″E / 7.4387305°N 44.2968750°E / 7.4387305; 44.2968750

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