Hypothalamic–pituitary hormone
Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones are hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Although the organs in which they are produced are relatively small, the effects of these hormones cascade throughout the body. They can be classified as a hypothalamic–pituitary axis (HP axis) of which the adrenal (HPA), gonadal (HPG), thyroid (HPT), somatotropic (HPS), and prolactin (HPP) axes are branches.
| HPT axis | HPA axis | HPG axis | HPS axis | HPP axis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypothalamic hormone | TRH | CRH | GnRH | GHRH | Dopamine (inhibitor) |
| Pituitary cells | Thyrotrope | Corticotrope | Gonadotrope | Somatotrope | Lactotrope |
| Pituitary hormone | TSH | ACTH | LH and FSH | GH | Prolactin |
| End organ | Thyroid | Adrenal | Gonads (testes or ovaries) | Liver | Mammary gland |
| Product | Thyroxine | Cortisol | Testosterone, estradiol | IGF-1 | Milk (no feedback) |
It is possible for the function of these hormones to be altered by physical activity.[2]
References
- ↑ Melmed S, Jameson JL (2005). "Disorders of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus". In Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 2076–97. ISBN 0-07-139140-1.
- ↑ Bobbert T, Brechtel L, Mai K, et al. (November 2005). "Adaptation of the hypothalamic-pituitary hormones during intensive endurance training". Clinical endocrinology. 63 (5): 530–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02377.x. PMID 16268805.
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