Gračanica, Kosovo

Gračanica
Graçanica or Graçanicë  (Albanian)
Грачаница/Gračanica  (Serbian)
Town and municipality

Location of the municipality of Gračanica within Kosovo
Coordinates: 42°36′N 21°12′E / 42.600°N 21.200°E / 42.600; 21.200Coordinates: 42°36′N 21°12′E / 42.600°N 21.200°E / 42.600; 21.200
Country Kosovo[lower-alpha 1]
District District of Pristina
Settlements 16
Established 29 December 2009[1]
Government
 • Provisional president Srđan Popović (GIS)
Area
 • Total 131.25 km2 (50.68 sq mi)
Elevation 588 m (1,929 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 10,675
 • Density 81/km2 (210/sq mi)
 • Town 4,500
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
Postal code 10000
Area code(s) +383(0)38
Website nasagracanica.com

Gračanica (Serbian Cyrillic: Грачаница) or Graçanica (Albanian: Graçanicë), is a town and municipality located in Pristina District in central Kosovo[lower-alpha 1]. As of 2011, it has an estimated population of 10,675 inhabitants.

It is centered around the Gračanica Monastery, ten kilometers east of Pristina. The 1999 Kosovo War and its aftermath transformed Gračanica from a sleepy village into an administrative center serving the needs of the 75,000 Kosovo Serbs living south of the Ibar River. After the 2013 Brussels Agreement, the municipality became part of the Community of Serb Municipalities.

History

Stefan Milutin, King of Serbia and founder of Gračanica Monastery

Pope Benedict IX mentioned the village as Grazaniza in a letter from 1303.[2] It was mentioned in King Stefan Milutin's founding charter of the Gračanica Monastery (1321).[3] In the 15th century the settlement was a notable commercial centre.[4] Until the 17th century it had a notable Ragusan community.[4] It seems that the settlement was abandoned in 1689 during the Austrian penetration into Kosovo and Metohija in the Great Turkish War.[5] In 1901, it had 60 houses, all Serb, with 400 inhabitants.[6]

2000–present

On 6 June 2000, a grenade was thrown at a crowd of ethnic Serbs waiting for a bus in the town square, injuring three people, which was followed by some civil unrest.[7] On 15 March 2004 a Serb teenager was killed in a drive-by shooting in the village of Čaglavica (partly in Gračanica).[8] This event led to the 2004 unrest in Kosovo. In the aftermath of the unrest, another Serb teenager Dimitrije Popović was killed in a drive-by shooting by Albanians on June 5, 2004.[9][10][11]

Magistral road between Pristina and Gnjilane passing through Gračanica proved to be a very dangerous place for Serbs, although such killings by Albanians do not exist today, fear and mistrust of Serbs towards Albanians has not completely disappeared, because sometimes there is a provocation of Albanians passing by cars. In 2016, an attempt was made to kidnap a Serbian girl.[12]

All of this led to the fact that the Serbs make a proposal to make a bypass around Gračanica, except for the safety of citizens to be raised to a higher level, which would also mean a smaller traffic congestion through Gračanica.

After the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, the municipality of Gračanica was established in 2008 by the Government of the Republic of Kosovo, out of parts of the municipalities of Lipljan, Kosovo Polje and Pristina.[13] Although the new municipality is primarily inhabited by Serbs, this move was not recognized by the Government of Serbia, which does not recognize the Republic of Kosovo, and therefore its administrative changes.[14]

After the 2013 Brussels Agreement between the governments of Kosovo and Serbia, Serbia recognized the municipalities and Kosovo's governance of the territory, and agreed to create a Community of Serb Municipalities, which will operate within the Kosovo legal framework.

Politics

Town of Gračanica is also temporary seat of the administration of Serbia-recognized City of Pristina. The Serbia-sponsored local elections were held on 11 May 2008. Those elections were boycotted by the Albanians who consider Kosovo independent from Serbia, so only Serbs participated.

The first municipal elections were held on 15 November 2009.[15] The government of Serbia asked Serbs not to participate in the elections[15] which it does not recognize, but many of them did. Serb Bojan Stojanović was elected Mayor.[16]

Settlements

Aside from the town of Gračanica, the municipality has the following villages:

  • Badovac
  • Batuse
  • Čaglavica (part)
  • Dobrotin
  • Donja Gušterica
  • Gornja Gušterica
  • Laplje Selo
  • Lepina
  • Livade
  • Preoce
  • Skulanevo
  • Sušica
  • Suvi Do
  • Radevo
  • Ugljare

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
201110,675—    

The municipality of Gračanica has 10,675 inhabitants, according to the 2011 census results. Many of the inhabitants are Serb refugees driven out of Pristina.[17] Differing estimates exist for the enclave as a whole, ranging from 10,500[18] to 13,000 inhabitants in the 15 villages that make up the enclave,[19] and down from 120,000 in 1999.[19] The enclave has a roughly ten-kilometer radius in which Serbs enjoy freedom of movement and attempt to organize a meaningful life for themselves.[17]

Ethnic groups

The ethnic composition of the municipality of Gračanica:[20]

Ethnic group 2011 census
Serbs7,209
Albanians2,474
Romani745
Ashkali104
Others247
Total10,675

Geography and infrastructure

The settlement is situated in the spacious valley of the Gračanka river, by the river, on the exit of the gorge between the hill of Veletina (874m) and sloping hill of Glasnovik on the south, and hill of Steževac (794m) on the northeast.[5]

Infrastructure

Gračanica has been a Serb enclave since the end of the 1999 Kosovo War, and is the largest and most secure Serbian enclave in central Kosovo. It runs along the Skopje-Pristina road, and unites several neighboring Serbian villages. The enclave, which contains rich farmland and is strategically located in the center of Kosovo, on major roads and near Pristina, has been seen as a potential threat by some Albanian nationalists, who view it as "a den of Serbian intrigue".[21]

Gračanica has an elementary school, several small stores, an open-air market and a police station that employs ethnic Albanians and international police officers, who notably do not speak the Serbian language. The health care center is located in the central part of the town, next to the UNMIK headquarters. An elementary school was reconstructed after the 1999 war.[21] In December 2008, the Serbian government built a €90,000 post office in Gračanica and promised further investments.

Location

North Mitrovica (46 km),
Zvečan (50 km),
Zubin Potok (62 km)
Leposavić (77 km)		 Pristina (9 km),
Podujevo (45 km)
Peć (86 km) Kamenica (48 km),
Ranilug (53 km)
Prizren (81 km) Uroševac (42 km),
Štrpce (61 km)		 Gnjilane (40 km),
Parteš (45 km),
Klokot (53 km)

Annotations

  1. 1 2 Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008, but Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the Brussels Agreement. Kosovo has received formal recognition as an independent state from 113 out of 193 United Nations member states.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "(Serbian) Opština Gračanica / Komuna e Gracanices".
  2. ↑ Ivan Marković (1904). Slaveni i pape: Preveo [s talijanskoga]. Tisak Dioničke tiskare.
  3. ↑ Slobodan Mileusnić (1998). Medieval monasteries of Serbia. Pravoslavna reč. p. 54.
  4. 1 2 Stamenković 2002, p. 455.
  5. 1 2 Urošević 1990, p. 189.
  6. ↑ Pregled geografske literature o Balkanskom poluostrvu za ...: Revue de la littérature géographique de la péninsule Balkanique. Državna štamparija kraljevine Srbije. 1901.
  7. ↑ "Civil unrest in Gračanica".
  8. ↑ "U Čaglavici pucano na srpskog mladića iz automobila u pokretu". B92. Beta. 15 March 2004. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  9. ↑ Nerasvetljeni Zlocin (2015-07-29), Zločin u Gračanici - Dimitrije Popović, retrieved 2018-03-16
  10. ↑ http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2004&mm=06&dd=05&nav_id=142643. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3780165.stm. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ "Pokušaj kidnapovanja srpske devojčice u Gračanici". Politika Online (in Serbian). Retrieved 2018-03-16.
  13. ↑ Zakon br. o3/L – 041 O ADMINISTRATIVNIM GRANICAMA OPŠTINA (Law on administrative boundaries of municipalities), 20 February 2008 (in Serbian)
  14. ↑ Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government Archived 2009-12-11 at the Wayback Machine., Parliament of Serbia (in Serbian)
  15. 1 2 Nova Srpska Politička Misao: Грачаница: Срби да бојкотују изборе које организују косовске институције, 29 October 2009 (in Serbian)
  16. ↑ B92: Gračanica: Protest zbog izbora, 27 November 2009 (in Serbian)
  17. 1 2 B92 – Many B92 looks at life in K. Serb enclaves, Oct. 13, 2008
  18. ↑ B92 – Russian aid distributed to Kosovo Serbs, 7 May 2008
  19. 1 2 UmnikOnline – Many Kosovo Serbs see elections as last hope for a better life, Nov. 13, 2001
  20. ↑ "Gračanica/Graçanicë". osce.org. OSCE. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  21. 1 2 Balkan Analysis – Kosovo: The Deadly Game Continues, 6/7/2004

Sources

  • Ćurčić, Slobodan (1979). Gračanica: King Milutin's Church and Its Place in Late Byzantine Architecture. Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Stamenković, Srboljub Đ. (2002). Geografska enciklopedija: naselja Srbije. Geografski fakultet. p. 455.
  • Urošević, Atanasije (1990). Kosovo. Jedinstvo.
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