Bedford Park, Bronx

Bedford Park
Neighborhood of the Bronx
View of Mosholu Parkway in Bedford Park

Location in New York City
Coordinates: 40°52′12″N 73°53′10″W / 40.87°N 73.886°W / 40.87; -73.886Coordinates: 40°52′12″N 73°53′10″W / 40.87°N 73.886°W / 40.87; -73.886
Country  United States
State  New York
City New York City
Borough Bronx
Community District Bronx 7[1]
Area[2]
 • Total 1.18 km2 (0.455 sq mi)
Population (2011)[2]
 • Total 37,344
 • Density 32,000/km2 (82,000/sq mi)
Economics
 • Median income $43,850
ZIP codes 10458, 10468
Area code 718, 347, 929, and 917
Website bedfordpark.nyc

Bedford Park is a residential neighborhood in the northwest Bronx between the New York Botanical Garden and Lehman College. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are: Mosholu Parkway to the north, Webster Avenue to the east, East 198th Street to the south, and Goulden Avenue to the west. The Grand Concourse is the primary thoroughfare through Bedford Park.

Zip codes include 10458 and 10468. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community District 7.[3] The area is patrolled by the 52nd Precinct located at 3016 Webster Avenue in Norwood, Bronx.

History

The area now known as Bedford Park was mostly farmland outside the town of Kingsbridge, then an unincorporated suburb of New York City. The area began to be developed with the construction of the Jerome Park Racetrack, for thoroughbred horse racing, by Leonard Jerome and August Belmont, Sr. in 1866. Jerome Park Racecourse became the first home of the famous Belmont Stakes horse race, until 1890. To attract the wealthy to the racecourse, Leonard Jerome built what is today Jerome Avenue. In 1874 the town of Kingsbridge was officially incorporated into New York City.[4][5]

In 1890, Jerome Park Racecourse was sold. Construction was started to convert it into the Jerome Park Reservoir, to store fresh water from the New Croton Aqueduct. At the same time, the neighborhood of Bedford Park was beginning to take shape. Forty "villas" (suburban houses) were built on a 23-acre (93,000 m2) stretch, in a planned community, named Villa Avenue.[5]

The area became a part of the newly created Borough of the Bronx in 1898. The Italian and Irish immigrants who worked on the Jerome Park Reservoir project soon anchored the community there. In 1906, 200th Street was renamed Bedford Park Boulevard, likely named after Edward Thomas Bedford, a director of Standard Oil, president of the Bank of the State of New York, who was an associate of Leonard Jerome.[5]

Development continued with the completion of the Grand Concourse, a multilane thoroughfare, in 1914; and the extension of subway to the area with the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (present-day 4 train) in 1917. The Grand Concourse saw a boom in housing construction in the post-World War I era.[4] Much of this was from middle-class (primarily Jews, Italians, and Irish) moving from Manhattan.[5]

During the 1970s and 1980s, when widespread poverty, crime, arson, and drug use were prevalent across the Bronx, Bedford Park was not hit as hard as many other neighborhoods in the more southern parts of the borough. This was largely due to community activists and organizers taking an aggressive stance on drugs and demanding increased law enforcement in the area.[6]

Land use and terrain

Bedford Park is dominated by 5- or 6-story apartment buildings and three-story Victorian houses. The apartments on the Grand Concourse are often taller. Tracey Towers are two 41-story subsidized apartment buildings built close to the Jerome Park Reservoir. Designed by noted architect Paul Rudolph, they were completed in 1972 as a part of New York City's Mitchell Lama housing development initiative. The total land area is a little less than half a square mile.

Demographics

In the United States 2000 Census[7] of 2000, the area of Bedford Park comprises five tracts. These five tracts have a population of 24,874.

The racial makeup of the neighborhood is 60.67% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race, 13.5% African American, 17.07% White, and 8.76% from other ethnicities, including Korean, Indians, and Bangladeshis.[4]

Landmarks

Houses of worship

Church of St. Philip Neri
Bedford Park Presbyterian Church

Among Bedford Park's oldest buildings are its churches and other religious institutions. The oldest church in the area, Bedford Park Congregational Church at the corner of Bainbridge Avenue and East 201st Street, dates to 1882. Its American Queen Anne-style design hints at Bedford Park's origin as a small rural community. It was designated a City Landmark in 2000. (New York City Landmarks Commission 2005)

On the Grand Concourse lies the Roman Catholic Church of St. Philip Neri (Bronx, New York). The church was dedicated to the Italian saint due to its origin as a church for immigrant Italian laborers, who also worked on the construction of the Jerome Park Reservoir. The cornerstone of the church (dated 1899) was in fact quarried from what became Jerome Park Reservoir, and brought there by a horse-drawn carriage. (Greene 2002) When built and for many years thereafter, this parish served an Italian and Irish congregation. On June 13, 1997, the church suffered a massive fire, and was given major renovation into the mid-2000s.

Education

Ursuline Convent

Bedford Park sports an "Educational MIle," a group of schools and a college located along the Jerome Park Reservoir. There are three high schools there (Walton, DeWitt Clinton, and Bronx Science), along with two elementary schools and the Bronx campus of Hunter College (now Lehman College). After end of World War II, in 1946 Hunter College's Bronx Campus served briefly as host of the United Nations. Currently, two of the nine specialized high schools in New York City are in the area, which includes Bronx High School of Science and the High School of American Studies at Lehman College. There was also a small private high school, Bedford Park Academy (founded in 1932, sold to Grace Lutheran Church in 1981), and a private Lutheran elementary school, Grace Lutheran School, which closed in 2006.[8][9]

The Convent of Mount St. Ursula is located on Bedford Park Boulevard and Bainbridge Avenue.[10] It was established by a group of Roman Catholic nuns from the Ursuline order in 1892. The Academy of Mount St. Ursula High School, an all-girls prep-school, is located there today; the order is also associated with the St Philip Neri Elementary School. It recently celebrated its 150th anniversary with the class of 2005. The academy is now the oldest, all female Catholic school in New York state. In the 1930s, unclaimed land near the Jerome Park Reservoir offered opportunities for New Deal-related construction to alleviate unemployment from the Great Depression.

Lehman College

Lehman College was originally Hunter College's uptown campus.[11] The Works Progress Administration built the original four buildings of the campus in grey stone in the Collegiate Gothic style, with finials, turrets, and other decorative features. Additional buildings, including the Lehman Library and Center for the Performing Arts, were added in the style of modern architecture. The newest building, the APEX, has facilities for athletics and dance. The scenic campus, which spans into Kingsbridge, has been used as a shooting location for episodes of the television series Law & Order and its spin-offs.

Culture

Reflecting a population so greatly composed of foreign-born immigrants, there are distinct ethnic enclaves in Bedford Park. On 204th Street, between the Grand Concourse and Mosholu Parkway lies a small cluster of Korean restaurants, groceries, social clubs, and other businesses.

Bedford Park's ethnic diversity manifests itself in an assortment of ways besides the formation of enclaves. Among the national symbols one may see strolling the neighborhood include the double-headed eagle (the emblem of Albania), the icon of Our Lady of Guadalupe (sacred to Catholic Mexicans), the shamrock of Ireland, the Arabic calligraphy of the shahadah (the Muslim profession of faith), or the coquí of Puerto Rico. A vast assortment of newspapers are sold in local convenience stores, including The Echo of Ireland, Albanian-language Bota Sot of Kosovo, and the Spanish-language local newspapers El Diario/La Prensa, and El Hoy.

Transportation

The following MTA Regional Bus Operations bus routes serve Bedford Park:[12]

Bedford Park is also served by the following Bee-Line Bus System routes to Westchester County, New York:[12]

  • BL20 and BL21: to White Plains (via Jerome Avenue and Central Avenue)
  • BL4: to Yonkers (via McLean Avenue)

The following New York City Subway stations serve Bedford Park:[13]

The Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line also serves Bedford Park via the Botanical Garden station at Mosholu Parkway.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  2. 1 2 "Bedford Park neighborhood in New York". Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Bronx Community District 7" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 LANAHAN, LAWRENCE. "A Friendly Bustle, With Oases Nearby". The New York Times. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Brief History of the Norwood, Bedford Park & Kingsbridge Heights" (PDF). Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Grassroots Anti-Crack Activism in the Northwest Bronx". THE GOTHAM CENTER FOR NEW YORK CITY HISTORY. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  7. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  8. ↑ "Concourse Building Demolished - Norwood News". Norwood News. March 24, 2005. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  9. ↑ "Norwood News/News". www.bronxmall.com. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  10. ↑ "Academy of Mount St. Ursula Official Website". Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  11. ↑ "History of Lehman College". Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  12. 1 2 "Bronx Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  13. ↑
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