Academy Award for Best Actress

Academy Award for Best Actress
The 2018 recipient: Frances McDormand
Awarded for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role
Country United States
Presented by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
First awarded 1929 (for performance in films released during the 1927/1928 film season)
Currently held by Frances McDormand
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017)
Website oscars.org

The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry.

The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise.[1] Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy.[2] In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories. At that time, all of their work during the qualifying period (as many as three films, in some cases) was listed after the award.[3] However, during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930, only one of those films was cited in each winner's final award, even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots.[4]

The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a specific performance in a single film.[3] Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year.[3] One actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels.[5] Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category: Elizabeth I of England (twice by Cate Blanchett), Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star Is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting; they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, and Sophia Loren.[6]

Since its inception, the award has been given to 75 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars. Meryl Streep, who has a total of 21 Oscar nominations (three wins), has been nominated in this category on 17 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2018 ceremony, Frances McDormand is the most recent winner in this category for her role as Mildred Hayes in Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri.

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[7] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[8] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.[8] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[8]

Publicity photo of Janet Gaynor for Argentinean Magazine in 1931.
Janet Gaynor was the first winner in this category for her roles in 7th Heaven (1927), Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and Street Angel (1928).
Black-and-white photo of Katharine Hepburn circa 1941.
Katharine Hepburn has the most wins in this category for her roles in Morning Glory (1933), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968), and On Golden Pond (1981).
Publicity photo of Claudette Colbert.
Claudette Colbert became the first European-born actress (France) to win this award for her performance in It Happened One Night (1934)
Black-and-white photo of Bette Davis from the 1938 film Jezebel.
Bette Davis won two awards from ten nominations for her roles in Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938).
Black-and-white photo of Luise Rainer in 1941.
Luise Rainer became the first person to win two consecutive acting Oscars, having won for The Great Ziegfeld (1936) and The Good Earth (1937). She achieved these two consecutive wins before she turned 30 years old. Also the first person to win acting Oscar for portraying an Asian character, as well as the first to win for portraying a real life character.
Black-and-white photo of Vivien Leigh in 1939.
Vivien Leigh won twice for her roles as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951).
Photo of Joan Fontaine in 1942.
Joan Fontaine won for her role in Suspicion (1941).
Greer Garson was nominated seven times in this category, winning for her role in Mrs. Miniver (1942).
Black-and-white photo of Joan Crawford in 1936.
Joan Crawford won for her performance in Mildred Pierce (1945).
Black-and-white photo of Olivia de Havilland in 1938.
Olivia de Havilland won twice, for her roles in To Each His Own (1946) and The Heiress (1949).
Black-and-white photo of Audrey Hepburn from 1956.
Audrey Hepburn won for her role in Roman Holiday (1953).
Black-and-white photo of Grace Kelly.
Grace Kelly won for her role in 1954's The Country Girl.
Black-and-white photo of Elizabeth Taylor 1953.
Elizabeth Taylor won two awards from five nominations for 1960's BUtterfield 8 and 1966's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?.
Black-and-white publicity photo of Sophia Loren in 1959.
Sophia Loren won for her role in Two Women (1961), thus becoming the first person to win for a non-English language performance.[9]
Photo of Julie Andrews in Sydney, Australia in 2013.
Julie Andrews won for her performance as the titular character in Mary Poppins (1964).
Julie Christie won for her role in Darling (1965).
Photo of Barbra Streisand in 1965.
Barbra Streisand won for her role as Fanny Brice in Funny Girl (1968).
Color photo of Jane Fonda at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.
Jane Fonda won twice from six nominations for her roles in Klute (1971) and Coming Home (1978).
Ellen Burstyn received five nominations in this category, winning for her role in Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974).
Louise Fletcher won for her role as Nurse Ratched in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975).
Diane Keaton won for her performance as the titular character in Annie Hall (1977).
Black-and-white photo of Sally Field in 1981.
Sally Field won this award twice for her roles in 1979's Norma Rae and 1984's Places in the Heart.
Photo of Sissy Spacek receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on August 1, 2011.
Sissy Spacek has received six nominations in this category, winning for her portrayal of Loretta Lynn in Coal Miner's Daughter (1980).
Photo of Meryl Streep circa 1976 and 1979.
With seventeen nominations Meryl Streep is the most nominated woman in this category, winning twice for Sophie's Choice (1982) and for her portrayal of Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady (2011).
Black-and-white publicity photo of Shirley MacLaine promoting the film The Apartment.
Shirley MacLaine won once from five nominations for her role in 1983's Terms of Endearment.
After receiving eight nominations Geraldine Page won for her role in The Trip to Bountiful (1985).
Photo of Marlee Matlin in 2009.
At age 21, Marlee Matlin became the youngest person to win Best Actress, winning for her performance in Children of a Lesser God (1986).
Photo of Cher at the Empire Cinema in London.
Cher won for her performance in Moonstruck (1987).
Photo of Jodie Foster at the premiere of The Brave One in 2007.
Jodie Foster won twice for her roles as Sarah Tobias in The Accused (1988) and as Clarice Starling in The Silence of the Lambs (1991). Like Luise Rainer, she achieved these two wins before she turned 30 years old.
Publicity photo of Jessica Tandy in the 1950s.
At age 80, Jessica Tandy became the oldest winner in this category for her performance in 1989's Driving Miss Daisy.
Photo of Julia Roberts at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.
Kathy Bates won for playing Annie Wilkes in Misery (1990).
Photo of Emma Thompson in 2009.
Emma Thompson won for her role in Howards End (1992).
Holly Hunter won for her role in The Piano (1993).
Photo of Jessica Lange in 2008.
Jessica Lange was nominated five times, winning once in 1995 for her role in Blue Sky (1994).
Susan Sarandon was nominated five times, winning for her role in Dead Man Walking (1995).
Photo of Julia Roberts at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.
Helen Hunt won for her performance in As Good as It Gets (1997).
Gwyneth Paltrow—a white female with blue eyes and straight, shoulder-length blonde hair, wearing a cream-colored, high-collared dress—attending the 2011 Venice Film Festival at age 38.
Gwyneth Paltrow won for her dual roles in Shakespeare in Love (1998).
Photo of Hilary Swank at the 28th Tokyo International Film Festival in 2015.
Hilary Swank won this award twice for her roles in Boys Don't Cry (1999) and Million Dollar Baby (2004).
Photo of Julia Roberts at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.
Julia Roberts won for playing Erin Brockovich in Erin Brockovich (2000).
Photo of Halle Berry at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con International.
Halle Berry won for her role in Monster's Ball (2001), becoming the first black actress to win this category.[10]
Photo of Nicole Kidman at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival.
Nicole Kidman won for playing Virginia Woolf in The Hours (2002).
Photo of Charlize Theron at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.
Charlize Theron won for playing Aileen Wuornos in Monster (2003), becoming the first South African to win this category.
Photo of Reese Witherspoon at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival.
Reese Witherspoon won for playing June Carter Cash in Walk the Line (2005).
Photo of Helen Mirren at the 2014 Moët British Independent Film Awards.
Helen Mirren won for portraying Queen Elizabeth II in The Queen (2006).
Photo of Marion Cotillard at the 2017 Cabourg Film Festival.
Marion Cotillard won for playing Édith Piaf in La Vie en Rose (2007), becoming the first person to win for a French-language film.
Photo of Kate Winslet at the 2011 Venice Film Festival.
Kate Winslet won for her role in The Reader (2008).
Photo of Sandra Bullock at the Australian premiere of The Heat on July 2, 2013.
Sandra Bullock won for her role in The Blind Side (2009).
Photo of Natalie Portman at the 83rd Academy Awards on February 27, 2011.
Natalie Portman won for her role in Black Swan (2010).
Photo of Jennifer Lawrence at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con International.
Jennifer Lawrence won for her role in Silver Linings Playbook (2012).
Photo of Cate Blanchett at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.
Cate Blanchett won for her role in Blue Jasmine (2013).
Photo of Julianne Moore at the 2014 Tribeca International Film Festival.
Julianne Moore won for her role in Still Alice (2014).
Photo of Brie Larson in 2013.
Brie Larson won for her role in Room (2015).
Photo of Emma Stone at the 2016 Mill Valley Film Festival.
Emma Stone won for her role in La La Land (2016).
Table key
Award winner Indicates the winner
Year Actress Role(s) Film Ref.
1927/28
(1st) 		Janet Gaynor Award winner Diane
Angela
The Wife		 7th Heaven
Street Angel
Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans		 [11]
Louise Dresser Mrs. Pleznik A Ship Comes In
Gloria Swanson Sadie Thompson Sadie Thompson
1928/29
(2nd)
[note 1]		 Mary Pickford Award winner Norma Besant Coquette [12]
Ruth Chatterton Jacqueline Floriot Madame X
Betty Compson Carrie The Barker
Jeanne Eagels Leslie Crosbie The Letter
Corinne Griffith Emma Hamilton The Divine Lady
Bessie Love Hank Mahoney The Broadway Melody
1929/30
(3rd) 		Norma Shearer Award winner[A] Jerry Bernard Martin The Divorcee [13]
Nancy Carroll Hallie Hobart The Devil's Holiday
Ruth Chatterton Sarah Storm Sarah and Son
Greta Garbo[A] Anna Christie
Madame Rita Cavallini		 Anna Christie
Romance
Norma Shearer Lucia Marlett Their Own Desire
Gloria Swanson Marion Donnell The Trespasser
1930/31
(4th) 		Marie Dressler Award winner Min Divot Min and Bill [14]
Marlene Dietrich Mademoiselle Amy Jolly Morocco
Irene Dunne Sabra Cravat Cimarron
Ann Harding Linda Seton Holiday
Norma Shearer Jan Ashe A Free Soul
1931/32
(5th) 		Helen Hayes Award winner Madelon Claudet The Sin of Madelon Claudet [15]
Marie Dressler Emma Thatcher Smith Emma
Lynn Fontanne The Actress The Guardsman
1932/33
(6th) 		Katharine Hepburn Award winner Eva Lovelace Morning Glory [16]
May Robson Apple Annie Lady for a Day
Diana Wynyard Jane Marryot Cavalcade
1934
(7th) 		Claudette Colbert Award winner Ellie Andrews It Happened One Night [17]
Grace Moore Mary Barrett One Night of Love
Norma Shearer Elizabeth Barrett The Barretts of Wimpole Street
Bette Davis (Write-in) [B] Mildred Rogers Of Human Bondage
1935
(8th) 		Bette Davis Award winner Joyce Heath Dangerous [18]
Elisabeth Bergner Gemma Jones Escape Me Never
Claudette Colbert Jane Everest Private Worlds
Katharine Hepburn Alice Adams Alice Adams
Miriam Hopkins Becky Sharp Becky Sharp
Merle Oberon Kitty Vane The Dark Angel
1936
(9th) 		Luise Rainer Award winner Anna Held The Great Ziegfeld [19]
Irene Dunne Theodora Lynn Theodora Goes Wild
Gladys George Carrie Snyder Valiant Is the Word for Carrie
Carole Lombard Irene Bullock My Man Godfrey
Norma Shearer Juliet Capulet Romeo and Juliet
1937
(10th) 		Luise Rainer Award winner O-Lan The Good Earth [20]
Irene Dunne Lucy Warriner The Awful Truth
Greta Garbo Marguerite Gautier Camille
Janet Gaynor Esther Victoria Blodgett / Vicki Lester A Star Is Born
Barbara Stanwyck Stella Martin Dallas Stella Dallas
1938
(11th) 		Bette Davis Award winner Julie Marsden Jezebel [21]
Fay Bainter Hannah Parmalee White Banners
Wendy Hiller Eliza Doolittle Pygmalion
Norma Shearer Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette
Margaret Sullavan Patricia "Pat" Hollmann Three Comrades
1939
(12th) 		Vivien Leigh Award winner Scarlett O'Hara Gone with the Wind [22]
Bette Davis Judith Traherne Dark Victory
Irene Dunne Terry McKay Love Affair
Greta Garbo Nina Yakushova "Ninotchka" Ivanoff Ninotchka
Greer Garson Katherine Bridges Goodbye, Mr. Chips
1940
(13th) 		Ginger Rogers Award winner Kitty Foyle Kitty Foyle [23]
Bette Davis Leslie Crosbie The Letter
Joan Fontaine The Second Mrs. de Winter Rebecca
Katharine Hepburn Tracy Lord The Philadelphia Story
Martha Scott Emily Webb Our Town
1941
(14th) 		Joan Fontaine Award winner Lina McLaidlaw Aysgarth Suspicion [24]
Bette Davis Regina Giddens The Little Foxes
Olivia de Havilland Emmy Brown Hold Back the Dawn
Greer Garson Edna Gladney Blossoms in the Dust
Barbara Stanwyck Katherine "Sugarpuss" O'Shea Ball of Fire
1942
(15th) 		Greer Garson Award winner Kay Miniver Mrs. Miniver [25]
Bette Davis Charlotte Vale Now, Voyager
Katharine Hepburn Tess Harding Woman of the Year
Rosalind Russell Ruth Sherwood My Sister Eileen
Teresa Wright Eleanor Twitchell Gehrig The Pride of the Yankees
1943
(16th) 		Jennifer Jones Award winner Bernadette Soubirous The Song of Bernadette [26]
Jean Arthur Constance "Connie" Milligan The More the Merrier
Ingrid Bergman María For Whom the Bell Tolls
Joan Fontaine Tessa Sanger The Constant Nymph
Greer Garson Marie Curie Madame Curie
1944
(17th) 		Ingrid Bergman Award winner Paula Alquist Anton Gaslight [27]
Claudette Colbert Anne Hilton Since You Went Away
Bette Davis Fanny Trellis Mr. Skeffington
Greer Garson Susie "Sparrow" Parkington Mrs. Parkington
Barbara Stanwyck Phyllis Dietrichson Double Indemnity
1945
(18th) 		Joan Crawford Award winner Mildred Pierce Beragon Mildred Pierce [28]
Ingrid Bergman Mary Benedict The Bells of St. Mary's
Greer Garson Mary Rafferty The Valley of Decision
Jennifer Jones Singleton Love Letters
Gene Tierney Ellen Berent Harland Leave Her to Heaven
1946
(19th) 		Olivia de Havilland Award winner Josephine "Jody" Norris To Each His Own [29]
Celia Johnson Laura Jesson Brief Encounter
Jennifer Jones Pearl Chavez Duel in the Sun
Rosalind Russell Elizabeth Kenny Sister Kenny
Jane Wyman Orry Baxter The Yearling
1947
(20th) 		Loretta Young Award winner Katie Holstrom The Farmer's Daughter [30]
Joan Crawford Louise Howell Possessed
Susan Hayward Angelica Evans Conway Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman
Dorothy McGuire Kathy Lacy Gentleman's Agreement
Rosalind Russell Lavinia Mannon Mourning Becomes Electra
1948
(21st) 		Jane Wyman Award winner Belinda McDonald Johnny Belinda [31]
Ingrid Bergman Joan of Arc Joan of Arc
Olivia de Havilland Virginia Stuart Cunningham The Snake Pit
Irene Dunne Martha Hanson I Remember Mama
Barbara Stanwyck Leona Stevenson Sorry, Wrong Number
1949
(22nd) 		Olivia de Havilland Award winner Catherine Sloper The Heiress [32]
Jeanne Crain Patricia "Pinky" Johnson Pinky
Susan Hayward Eloise Winters My Foolish Heart
Deborah Kerr Evelyn Boult Edward, My Son
Loretta Young Margaret Come to the Stable
1950
(23rd) 		Judy Holliday Award winner Emma "Billie" Dawn Born Yesterday [33]
Anne Baxter Eve Harrington All About Eve
Bette Davis Margo Channing
Eleanor Parker Marie Allen Caged
Gloria Swanson Norma Desmond Sunset Boulevard
1951
(24th) 		Vivien Leigh Award winner Blanche DuBois A Streetcar Named Desire [34]
Katharine Hepburn Rose Sayer The African Queen
Eleanor Parker Mary McLeod Detective Story
Shelley Winters Alice Tripp A Place in the Sun
Jane Wyman Louise Mason The Blue Veil
1952
(25th) 		Shirley Booth Award winner Lola Delaney Come Back, Little Sheba [35]
Joan Crawford Myra Hudson Sudden Fear
Bette Davis Margaret Elliot The Star
Julie Harris Frances "Frankie" Addams The Member of the Wedding
Susan Hayward Jane Froman With a Song in My Heart
1953
(26th) 		Audrey Hepburn Award winner Princess Ann Roman Holiday [36]
Leslie Caron Lili Daurier Lili
Ava Gardner Eloise "Honey Bear" Kelly Mogambo
Deborah Kerr Karen Holmes From Here to Eternity
Maggie McNamara Patty O'Neill The Moon Is Blue
1954
(27th) 		Grace Kelly Award winner Georgie Elgin The Country Girl [37]
Dorothy Dandridge Carmen Jones Carmen Jones
Judy Garland Esther Victoria Blodgett / Vicki Lester A Star Is Born
Audrey Hepburn Sabrina Fairchild Sabrina
Jane Wyman Helen Phillips Magnificent Obsession
1955
(28th) 		Anna Magnani Award winner Serafina Delle Rose The Rose Tattoo [38]
Susan Hayward Lillian Roth I'll Cry Tomorrow
Katharine Hepburn Jane Hudson Summertime
Jennifer Jones Han Suyin Love is a Many-Splendored Thing
Eleanor Parker Marjorie Lawrence Interrupted Melody
1956
(29th) 		Ingrid Bergman Award winner Anna Koreff / Anastasia Anastasia [39]
Carroll Baker Baby Doll Meighan Baby Doll
Katharine Hepburn Lizzie Curry The Rainmaker
Nancy Kelly Christine Penmark The Bad Seed
Deborah Kerr Anna Leonowens The King and I
1957
(30th) 		Joanne Woodward Award winner Eve White / Eve Black / Jane The Three Faces of Eve [40]
Deborah Kerr Angela Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison
Anna Magnani Gioia Wild Is the Wind
Elizabeth Taylor Susanna Drake Raintree County
Lana Turner Constance MacKenzie Peyton Place
1958
(31st) 		Susan Hayward Award winner Barbara Graham I Want to Live! [41]
Deborah Kerr Sibyl Railton-Bell Separate Tables
Shirley MacLaine Ginnie Moorehead Some Came Running
Rosalind Russell Mame Dennis Auntie Mame
Elizabeth Taylor Margaret "Maggie the Cat" Pollitt Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
1959
(32nd) 		Simone Signoret Award winner Alice Aisgill Room at the Top [42]
Doris Day Jan Morrow Pillow Talk
Audrey Hepburn Gabrielle van der Mal The Nun's Story
Katharine Hepburn Violet Venable Suddenly, Last Summer
Elizabeth Taylor Catherine Holly
1960
(33rd) 		Elizabeth Taylor Award winner Gloria Wandrous BUtterfield 8 [43]
Greer Garson Eleanor Roosevelt Sunrise at Campobello
Deborah Kerr Ida Carmody The Sundowners
Shirley MacLaine Fran Kubelik The Apartment
Melina Mercouri Ilya Never on Sunday
1961
(34th) 		Sophia Loren Award winner Cesira Two Women [44]
Audrey Hepburn Holly Golightly / Lula Mae Barnes Breakfast at Tiffany's
Piper Laurie Sarah Packard The Hustler
Geraldine Page Alma Winemiller Summer and Smoke
Natalie Wood Wilma Dean "Deanie" Loomis Splendor in the Grass
1962
(35th) 		Anne Bancroft Award winner Annie Sullivan The Miracle Worker [45]
Bette Davis Baby Jane Hudson What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?
Katharine Hepburn Mary Cavan Tyrone Long Day's Journey into Night
Geraldine Page Alexandra Del Lago Sweet Bird of Youth
Lee Remick Kirsten Arnesen Clay Days of Wine and Roses
1963
(36th) 		Patricia Neal Award winner Alma Brown Hud [46]
Leslie Caron Jane Fossett The L-Shaped Room
Shirley MacLaine Irma La Douce Irma la Douce
Rachel Roberts Margaret Hammond This Sporting Life
Natalie Wood Angie Rossini Love with the Proper Stranger
1964
(37th) 		Julie Andrews Award winner Mary Poppins Mary Poppins [47]
Anne Bancroft Jo Armitage The Pumpkin Eater
Sophia Loren Filumena Marturano Marriage Italian Style
Debbie Reynolds Molly Brown The Unsinkable Molly Brown
Kim Stanley Myra Savage Séance on a Wet Afternoon
1965
(38th) 		Julie Christie Award winner Diana Scott Darling [48]
Julie Andrews Maria von Trapp The Sound of Music
Samantha Eggar Miranda Grey The Collector
Elizabeth Hartman Selina D'Arcy A Patch of Blue
Simone Signoret La Contessa Ship of Fools
1966
(39th) 		Elizabeth Taylor Award winner Martha Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? [49]
Anouk Aimée Anne Gauthier A Man and a Woman
Ida Kamińska Rozalie Lautmann The Shop on Main Street
Lynn Redgrave Georgina "Georgy" Parkin Georgy Girl
Vanessa Redgrave Leonie Delt Morgan!
1967
(40th) 		Katharine Hepburn Award winner Christina Drayton Guess Who's Coming to Dinner [50]
Anne Bancroft Mrs. Robinson The Graduate
Faye Dunaway Bonnie Parker Bonnie and Clyde
Edith Evans Maggie Ross The Whisperers
Audrey Hepburn Susy Hendrix Wait Until Dark
1968
(41st) 		Katharine Hepburn Award winner (TIE) [C] Eleanor of Aquitaine The Lion in Winter [51]
Barbra Streisand Award winner (TIE) [C] Fanny Brice Funny Girl
Patricia Neal Nettie Cleary The Subject was Roses
Vanessa Redgrave Isadora Duncan Isadora
Joanne Woodward Rachel Cameron Rachel, Rachel
1969
(42nd) 		Maggie Smith Award winner Jean Brodie The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie [52]
Geneviève Bujold Anne Boleyn Anne of the Thousand Days
Jane Fonda Gloria Beatty They Shoot Horses, Don't They?
Liza Minnelli Mary Ann "Pookie" Adams The Sterile Cuckoo
Jean Simmons Mary Wilson The Happy Ending
1970
(43rd) 		Glenda Jackson Award winner Gudrun Brangwen Women in Love [53]
Jane Alexander Eleanor Backman The Great White Hope
Ali MacGraw Jennifer Cavalleri-Barrett Love Story
Sarah Miles Rosy Ryan Ryan's Daughter
Carrie Snodgress Bettina "Tina" Balser Diary of a Mad Housewife
1971
(44th) 		Jane Fonda Award winner Bree Daniels Klute [54]
Julie Christie Constance Miller McCabe & Mrs. Miller
Glenda Jackson Alex Greville Sunday Bloody Sunday
Vanessa Redgrave Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots
Janet Suzman Empress Alexandra of Russia Nicholas and Alexandra
1972
(45th) 		Liza Minnelli Award winner Sally Bowles Cabaret [55]
Diana Ross Billie Holiday Lady Sings the Blues
Maggie Smith Augusta Bertram Travels with My Aunt
Cicely Tyson Rebecca Morgan Sounder
Liv Ullmann Kristina Nilsson The Emigrants
1973
(46th) 		Glenda Jackson Award winner Vickie Allessio A Touch of Class [56]
Ellen Burstyn Chris MacNeil The Exorcist
Marsha Mason Maggie Paul Cinderella Liberty
Barbra Streisand Katie Morosky The Way We Were
Joanne Woodward Rita Walden Summer Wishes, Winter Dreams
1974
(47th) 		Ellen Burstyn Award winner Alice Graham-Hyatt Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore [57]
Diahann Carroll Claudine Price Claudine
Faye Dunaway Evelyn Cross Mulwray Chinatown
Valerie Perrine Harriett Jolliff / Honey Bruce Lenny
Gena Rowlands Mabel Longhetti A Woman Under the Influence
1975
(48th) 		Louise Fletcher Award winner Nurse Mildred Ratched One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest [58]
Isabelle Adjani Adèle Hugo / Adèle Lewly The Story of Adele H.
Ann-Margret Nora Walker Tommy
Glenda Jackson Hedda Gabler-Tesman Hedda
Carol Kane Gitl Hester Street
1976
(49th) 		Faye Dunaway Award winner Diana Christensen Network [59]
Marie-Christine Barrault Marthe Cousin Cousine
Talia Shire Adrian Pennino Rocky
Sissy Spacek Carrie White Carrie
Liv Ullmann Jenny Isaksson Face to Face
1977
(50th) 		Diane Keaton Award winner Annie Hall Annie Hall [60]
Anne Bancroft Emma Jacklin The Turning Point
Jane Fonda Lillian Hellman Julia
Shirley MacLaine Deedee Rodgers The Turning Point
Marsha Mason Paula McFadden The Goodbye Girl
1978
(51st) 		Jane Fonda Award winner Sally Hyde Coming Home [61]
Ingrid Bergman Charlotte Andergast Autumn Sonata
Ellen Burstyn Doris Same Time, Next Year
Jill Clayburgh Erica Benton An Unmarried Woman
Geraldine Page Eve Interiors
1979
(52nd) 		Sally Field Award winner Norma Rae Webster Norma Rae [62]
Jill Clayburgh Marilyn Holmberg Starting Over
Jane Fonda Kimberly Wells The China Syndrome
Marsha Mason Jennie MacLaine Chapter Two
Bette Midler Mary Rose Foster The Rose
1980
(53rd) 		Sissy Spacek Award winner Loretta Lynn Coal Miner's Daughter [63]
Ellen Burstyn Edna Mae Harper-McCauley Resurrection
Goldie Hawn Judy Benjamin Private Benjamin
Mary Tyler Moore Beth Jarrett Ordinary People
Gena Rowlands Gloria Swenson Gloria
1981
(54th) 		Katharine Hepburn Award winner Ethel Thayer On Golden Pond [64]
Diane Keaton Louise Bryant Reds
Marsha Mason Georgia Hines Only When I Laugh
Susan Sarandon Sally Matthews Atlantic City
Meryl Streep Anna / Sara Woodruff The French Lieutenant's Woman
1982
(55th) 		Meryl Streep Award winner Sophie Zawistowski Sophie's Choice [65]
Julie Andrews Victor Grazinski / Victoria Grant Victor/Victoria
Jessica Lange Frances Farmer Frances
Sissy Spacek Beth Horman Missing
Debra Winger Paula Pokrifki An Officer and a Gentleman
1983
(56th) 		Shirley MacLaine Award winner Aurora Greenway Terms of Endearment [66]
Jane Alexander Carol Wetherly Testament
Meryl Streep Karen Silkwood Silkwood
Julie Walters Susan White / Rita Educating Rita
Debra Winger Emma Greenway Horton Terms of Endearment
1984
(57th) 		Sally Field Award winner Edna Spalding Places in the Heart [67]
Judy Davis Adela Quested A Passage to India
Jessica Lange Jewell Ivy Country
Vanessa Redgrave Olive Chancellor The Bostonians
Sissy Spacek Mae Garvey The River
1985
(58th) 		Geraldine Page Award winner Carrie Watts The Trip to Bountiful [68]
Anne Bancroft Miriam Ruth / Anna Maria Burchetti Agnes of God
Whoopi Goldberg Celie Harris-Johnson The Color Purple
Jessica Lange Patsy Cline Sweet Dreams
Meryl Streep Karen Blixen Out of Africa
1986
(59th) 		Marlee Matlin Award winner Sarah Norman Children of a Lesser God [69]
Jane Fonda Alex Sternbergen / Viveca Van Loren The Morning After
Sissy Spacek Babe Botrelle / Rebecca MaGrath Crimes of the Heart
Kathleen Turner Peggy Sue Kelcher-Bodell Peggy Sue Got Married
Sigourney Weaver Ellen Ripley Aliens
1987
(60th) 		Cher Award winner Loretta Castorini Moonstruck [70]
Glenn Close Alex Forrest Fatal Attraction
Holly Hunter Jane Craig Broadcast News
Sally Kirkland Anna Anna
Meryl Streep Helen Archer Ironweed
1988
(61st) 		Jodie Foster Award winner Sarah Tobias The Accused [71]
Glenn Close Marquise Isabelle de Merteuil Dangerous Liaisons
Melanie Griffith Tess McGill Working Girl
Meryl Streep Lindy Chamberlain A Cry in the Dark
Sigourney Weaver Dian Fossey Gorillas in the Mist
1989
(62nd) 		Jessica Tandy Award winner Daisy Werthan Driving Miss Daisy [72]
Isabelle Adjani Camille Claudel Camille Claudel
Pauline Collins Shirley Valentine-Bradshaw Shirley Valentine
Jessica Lange Ann Talbot Music Box
Michelle Pfeiffer Susie Diamond The Fabulous Baker Boys
1990
(63rd) 		Kathy Bates Award winner Annie Wilkes Misery [73]
Anjelica Huston Lilly Dillon The Grifters
Julia Roberts Vivian Ward Pretty Woman
Meryl Streep Suzanne Vale Postcards from the Edge
Joanne Woodward India Bridge Mr. & Mrs. Bridge
1991
(64th) 		Jodie Foster Award winner Clarice Starling The Silence of the Lambs [74]
Geena Davis Thelma Dickinson Thelma & Louise
Laura Dern Rose Rambling Rose
Bette Midler Dixie Leonard For the Boys
Susan Sarandon Louise Sawyer Thelma & Louise
1992
(65th) 		Emma Thompson Award winner Margaret Schlegel Howards End [75]
Catherine Deneuve Eliane Devries Indochine
Mary McDonnell May-Alice Culhane Passion Fish
Michelle Pfeiffer Louise Irene "Lurene" Hallett Love Field
Susan Sarandon Michaela Murphy Odone Lorenzo's Oil
1993
(66th) 		Holly Hunter Award winner Ada McGrath The Piano [76]
Angela Bassett Anna Mae Bullock / Tina Turner What's Love Got to Do with It
Stockard Channing Louisa "Ouisa" Kittredge Six Degrees of Separation
Emma Thompson Sarah "Sally" Kenton The Remains of the Day
Debra Winger Joy Davidman Shadowlands
1994
(67th) 		Jessica Lange Award winner Carly Marshall Blue Sky [77]
Jodie Foster Nell Kellty Nell
Miranda Richardson Vivienne Haigh-Wood Tom & Viv
Winona Ryder Josephine "Jo" March Little Women
Susan Sarandon Regina "Reggie" Love The Client
1995
(68th) 		Susan Sarandon Award winner Helen Prejean Dead Man Walking [78]
Elisabeth Shue Sera Leaving Las Vegas
Sharon Stone Ginger McKenna Casino
Meryl Streep Francesca Johnson The Bridges of Madison County
Emma Thompson Elinor Dashwood Sense and Sensibility
1996
(69th) 		Frances McDormand Award winner Marge Gunderson Fargo [79]
Brenda Blethyn Cynthia Rose Purley Secrets & Lies
Diane Keaton Bessie Wakefield Marvin's Room
Kristin Scott Thomas Katharine Clifton The English Patient
Emily Watson Bess McNeill Breaking the Waves
1997
(70th) 		Helen Hunt Award winner Carol Connelly As Good as It Gets [80]
Helena Bonham Carter Kate Croy The Wings of the Dove
Julie Christie Phyllis Hart Afterglow
Judi Dench Queen Victoria Mrs Brown
Kate Winslet Rose DeWitt Bukater Titanic
1998
(71st) 		Gwyneth Paltrow Award winner Viola de Lesseps / Thomas Kent Shakespeare in Love [81]
Cate Blanchett Queen Elizabeth I Elizabeth
Fernanda Montenegro Isadora "Dora" Teixeira Central Station
Meryl Streep Kate Gulden One True Thing
Emily Watson Jacqueline du Pré Hilary and Jackie
1999
(72nd) 		Hilary Swank Award winner Brandon Teena Boys Don't Cry [82]
Annette Bening Carolyn Burnham American Beauty
Janet McTeer Mary Jo Walker Tumbleweeds
Julianne Moore Sarah Miles The End of the Affair
Meryl Streep Roberta Guaspari Music of the Heart
2000
(73rd) 		Julia Roberts Award winner Erin Brockovich Erin Brockovich [83]
Joan Allen Laine Hanson The Contender
Juliette Binoche Vianne Rocher Chocolat
Ellen Burstyn Sara Goldfarb Requiem for a Dream
Laura Linney Samantha "Sammy" Prescott You Can Count On Me
2001
(74th) 		Halle Berry Award winner Leticia Musgrove Monster's Ball [84]
Judi Dench Iris Murdoch Iris
Nicole Kidman Satine Moulin Rouge!
Sissy Spacek Ruth Fowler In the Bedroom
Renée Zellweger Bridget Jones Bridget Jones's Diary
2002
(75th) 		Nicole Kidman Award winner Virginia Woolf The Hours [85]
Salma Hayek Frida Kahlo Frida
Diane Lane Constance "Connie" Sumner Unfaithful
Julianne Moore Cathy Whitaker Far from Heaven
Renée Zellweger Roxie Hart Chicago
2003
(76th) 		Charlize Theron Award winner Aileen Wuornos Monster [86]
Keisha Castle-Hughes Paikea Apirana Whale Rider
Diane Keaton Erica Jane Berry Something's Gotta Give
Samantha Morton Sarah Sullivan In America
Naomi Watts Cristina Williams-Peck 21 Grams
2004
(77th) 		Hilary Swank Award winner Maggie Fitzgerald Million Dollar Baby [87]
Annette Bening Julia Lambert Being Julia
Catalina Sandino Moreno María Álvarez Maria Full of Grace
Imelda Staunton Vera Rose Drake Vera Drake
Kate Winslet Clementine Kruczynski Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
2005
(78th) 		Reese Witherspoon Award winner June Carter Cash Walk the Line [88]
Judi Dench Laura Forster-Henderson Mrs Henderson Presents
Felicity Huffman Sabrina "Bree" Osbourne Transamerica
Keira Knightley Elizabeth Bennet Pride & Prejudice
Charlize Theron Josey Aimes North Country
2006
(79th) 		Helen Mirren Award winner Queen Elizabeth II The Queen [89]
Penélope Cruz Raimunda Volver
Judi Dench Barbara Covett Notes on a Scandal
Meryl Streep Miranda Priestly The Devil Wears Prada
Kate Winslet Sarah Pierce Little Children
2007
(80th) 		Marion Cotillard Award winner Édith Piaf La Vie en Rose [90]
Cate Blanchett Queen Elizabeth I Elizabeth: The Golden Age
Julie Christie Fiona Anderson Away from Her
Laura Linney Wendy Savage The Savages
Ellen Page Juno MacGuff Juno
2008
(81st) 		Kate Winslet Award winner Hanna Schmitz The Reader [91]
Anne Hathaway Kym Buchman Rachel Getting Married
Angelina Jolie Christine Collins Changeling
Melissa Leo Ray Eddy Frozen River
Meryl Streep Aloysius Beauvier Doubt
2009
(82nd) 		Sandra Bullock Award winner Leigh Anne Tuohy The Blind Side [92]
Helen Mirren Sophia Tolstaya The Last Station
Carey Mulligan Jenny Mellor An Education
Gabourey Sidibe Claireece "Precious" Jones Precious
Meryl Streep Julia Child Julie & Julia
2010
(83rd) 		Natalie Portman Award winner Nina Sayers Black Swan [93]
Annette Bening Nicole Allgood The Kids Are All Right
Nicole Kidman Becca Corbett Rabbit Hole
Jennifer Lawrence Ree Dolly Winter's Bone
Michelle Williams Cindy Heller Blue Valentine
2011
(84th) 		Meryl Streep Award winner Margaret Thatcher The Iron Lady [94]
Glenn Close Albert Nobbs Albert Nobbs
Viola Davis Aibileen Clark The Help
Rooney Mara Lisbeth Salander The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
Michelle Williams Marilyn Monroe My Week with Marilyn
2012
(85th) 		Jennifer Lawrence Award winner Tiffany Maxwell Silver Linings Playbook [95]
Jessica Chastain Maya Zero Dark Thirty
Emmanuelle Riva Anne Laurent Amour
Quvenzhané Wallis Hushpuppy Beasts of the Southern Wild
Naomi Watts Maria Bennett The Impossible
2013
(86th) 		Cate Blanchett Award winner Jeanette "Jasmine" Francis Blue Jasmine [96]
Amy Adams Sydney Prosser American Hustle
Sandra Bullock Ryan Stone Gravity
Judi Dench Philomena Lee Philomena
Meryl Streep Violet Weston August: Osage County
2014
(87th) 		Julianne Moore Award winner Alice Howland Still Alice [97]
Marion Cotillard Sandra Bya Two Days, One Night
Felicity Jones Jane Hawking The Theory of Everything
Rosamund Pike Amy Elliott-Dunne Gone Girl
Reese Witherspoon Cheryl Strayed Wild
2015
(88th) 		Brie Larson Award winner Joy Newsome Room [98]
Cate Blanchett Carol Aird Carol
Jennifer Lawrence Joy Mangano Joy
Charlotte Rampling Kate Mercer 45 Years
Saoirse Ronan Eilis Lacey Brooklyn
2016
(89th) 		Emma Stone Award winner Mia Dolan La La Land [99]
Isabelle Huppert Michèle Leblanc Elle
Ruth Negga Mildred Loving Loving
Natalie Portman Jackie Kennedy Jackie
Meryl Streep Florence Foster Jenkins Florence Foster Jenkins
2017
(90th) 		Frances McDormand Award winner Mildred Hayes Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri [100]
Sally Hawkins Elisa Esposito The Shape of Water
Margot Robbie Tonya Harding I, Tonya
Saoirse Ronan Christine "Lady Bird" McPherson Lady Bird
Meryl Streep Katharine Graham The Post

Multiple wins and nominations

Age superlatives

Record Actress Film Age (in years) Ref.
Oldest winner Jessica Tandy Driving Miss Daisy 80 [101]
Oldest nominee Emmanuelle Riva Amour 85 [101]
Youngest winner Marlee Matlin Children of a Lesser God 21 [101]
Youngest nominee Quvenzhané Wallis Beasts of the Southern Wild 9 [101]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges.
A1 2 : Rules at the time of the first three ceremonies allowed for a performer to receive a single nomination which could honor their work in more than one film. Greta Garbo and Norma Shearer were both nominated for two different roles in the same category. Current Academy rules forbid this from happening. No official reason was ever given as to why Shearer won the award for only one of the two films she was listed for.[102]
B^ : Bette Davis's performance in Of Human Bondage was not nominated for an Oscar.[103] Several influential people at the time campaigned to have her name included on the list, so for that year (and the following year also) the Academy relaxed its rules and allowed a write-in vote.[104] Technically this meant that any performance was eligible to win the award, whether or not they were an official nominee. While the Academy does not officially recognize this as a nomination for Davis,[105][106] they have included her in the list of nominees for the 1935 ceremony on their official website.[17]
C1 2 : Both Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand received the exact number of votes resulting in both actresses receiving the award, according to Academy rules.[107]

References

  1. ↑ "Rule One: Award Definitions" (PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Rule Six: Special Rules for the Acting Awards" (PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 8-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 Levy 2003, p. 56
  4. ↑ Dirks, Tim. "1929–38 Academy Awards Winners and History". Filmsite. Rainbow Media. Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  5. ↑ Thise 2008, p. 235
  6. ↑ AMPAS Honorary Award database Archived 2008-07-23 at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ↑ Crouse 2005, p. 257
  8. 1 2 3 Levy 2003, p. 52
  9. ↑ King, Susan (March 28, 2011). "The Academy to fete Sophia Loren". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  10. ↑ Crouse 2005, p. 88
  11. ↑ "The 1st Academy Awards (1929) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  12. ↑ "The 2nd Academy Awards (1930) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  13. ↑ "The 3rd Academy Awards (1931) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on August 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  14. ↑ "The 4th Academy Awards (1932) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  15. ↑ "The 5th Academy Awards (1933) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  16. ↑ "The 6th Academy Awards (1934) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  17. 1 2 "The 7th Academy Awards (1935) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  18. ↑ "The 8th Academy Awards (1936) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  19. ↑ "The 9th Academy Awards (1937) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  20. ↑ "The 10th Academy Awards (1938) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  21. ↑ "The 11th Academy Awards (1939) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  22. ↑ "The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  23. ↑ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  24. ↑ "The 14th Academy Awards (1942) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  25. ↑ "The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  26. ↑ "The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  27. ↑ "The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  28. ↑ "The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  29. ↑ "The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  30. ↑ "The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  31. ↑ "The 21st Academy Awards (1949) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  32. ↑ "The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  33. ↑ "The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  34. ↑ "The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  35. ↑ "The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  36. ↑ "The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  37. ↑ "The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  38. ↑ "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  39. ↑ "The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  40. ↑ "The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  41. ↑ "The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  42. ↑ "The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on September 8, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  43. ↑ "The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  44. ↑ "The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  45. ↑ "The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  46. ↑ "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  47. ↑ "The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  48. ↑ "The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  49. ↑ "The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  50. ↑ "The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  51. ↑ "The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  52. ↑ "The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  53. ↑ "The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  54. ↑ "The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  55. ↑ "The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  56. ↑ "The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  57. ↑ "The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  58. ↑ "The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  59. ↑ "The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  60. ↑ "The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  61. ↑ "The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  62. ↑ "The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  63. ↑ "The 53rd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  64. ↑ "The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  65. ↑ "The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  66. ↑ "The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  67. ↑ "The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
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  69. ↑ "The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  70. ↑ "The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  71. ↑ "The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  72. ↑ "The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
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  90. ↑ "The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  91. ↑ "The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  92. ↑ "The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  93. ↑ "The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on May 26, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  94. ↑ "The 84th Academy Awards (2012) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  95. ↑ "The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  96. ↑ "The 86th Academy Awards (2014) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  97. ↑ "The 87th Academy Awards (2015) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 10, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  98. ↑ "The 88th Academy Awards (2016) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  99. ↑ "The 89th Academy Awards (2017) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 3, 2017. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
  100. ↑ Barnes, Brooks (January 23, 2018). "2018 Oscar Nominations: 'The Shape of Water' Leads With 13 Nominations". The New York Times. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  101. 1 2 3 4 "Oldest/Youngest Acting Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
  102. ↑ Rooney, David (November 25, 2003). "On the double-bubble". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  103. ↑ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 1002
  104. ↑ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 1045
  105. ↑ Levy 2003, p. 51
  106. ↑ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 65
  107. ↑ Levy 2003, p. 116

Bibliography

  • Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3.
  • Levy, Emanuel (2003), All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards, New York, United States: Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-82641-452-6
  • Thise, Mark (2008), Hollywood Winners & Loseres A to Z, New York, United States: Limelight Editions, ISBN 978-0-87910-351-4
  • Wiley, Mason; Bona, Damien (1996), Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards (5 ed.), New York, United States: Ballantine Books, ISBN 978-0-34540-053-6, OCLC 779680732

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