27th Academy Awards

27th Academy Awards
Date	30 March 1955
Site	RKO Pantages Theatre; Hollywood, California and ; NBC Century Theatre; New York City, New York
Hosted by	Bob Hope (Hollywood) and ; Thelma Ritter (New York City)
Highlights
Best Picture	On the Waterfront
Most awards	On the Waterfront (8)
Most nominations	On the Waterfront (12)
TV in the United States
Network	NBC

The 27th Academy Awards honored the best films released in 1954. The Best Picture winner, On the Waterfront, was produced by Sam Spiegel and directed by Elia Kazan. It had twelve nominations and eight wins, matching two other films, Gone with the Wind (1939) and From Here to Eternity (1953), though those each had thirteen nominations.

On the Waterfront was the third film to receive five acting nominations, and the first to receive three in the Best Supporting Actor category. A "rematch" occurred in the category of Best Actor between Marlon Brando and Humphrey Bogart following Bogart's upset victory three years earlier. In a surprise win (Bing Crosby was the favored nominee), Brando received his first Oscar for his performance in On the Waterfront, which is now seen as one of the most justified upsets in Oscar history.^[1] The win was a culmination of four consecutive Best Actor nominations for Brando (starting with A Streetcar Named Desire in 1951), a record that remains unmatched to this day.

Grace Kelly won Best Actress for The Country Girl in another upset. Judy Garland, who was heavily favored to win Best Actress for the movie A Star Is Born, could not attend the ceremony as she had only recently given birth to her third child. Cameras were set up in her room so she could express her thanks in the likely case of her winning. Groucho Marx later sent her a telegram expressing that her loss was "the biggest robbery since Brink's."^[2]

Dorothy Dandridge became the first African American actress to receive a nomination for Best Actress.

Awards

Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.^[3]

Best Motion Picture	Best Director
Sam Spiegel for Columbia Pictures – On the Waterfront Stanley Kramer for Columbia Pictures – The Caine Mutiny William Perlberg for Paramount Pictures – The Country Girl Jack Cummings for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer – Seven Brides for Seven Brothers Sol C. Siegel for 20th Century Fox – Three Coins in the Fountain	Elia Kazan – On the Waterfront George Seaton – The Country Girl William A. Wellman – The High and the Mighty Alfred Hitchcock – Rear Window Billy Wilder – Sabrina
Best Actor	Best Actress
*Marlon Brando – On the Waterfront* as Terry Malloy** Humphrey Bogart – The Caine Mutiny as Lieutenant Commander Philip Francis Queeg Bing Crosby – The Country Girl as Frank Elgin James Mason – A Star Is Born as Norman Maine Dan O'Herlihy – Robinson Crusoe as Robinson Crusoe	*Grace Kelly – The Country Girl* as Georgie Elgin** Dorothy Dandridge – Carmen Jones as Carmen Jones Judy Garland – A Star Is Born as Esther Blodgett Audrey Hepburn – Sabrina as Sabrina Fairchild Jane Wyman – Magnificent Obsession as Helen Phillips
Best Supporting Actor	Best Supporting Actress
*Edmond O'Brien – The Barefoot Contessa* as Oscar Muldoon** Lee J. Cobb – On the Waterfront as Michael J. Skelly aka "Johnny Friendly" Karl Malden – On the Waterfront as Father Barry Rod Steiger – On the Waterfront as Charley "the Gent" Malloy Tom Tully – The Caine Mutiny as Lieutenant Commander William H. De Vriess	*Eva Marie Saint – On the Waterfront* as Edie Doyle** Nina Foch – Executive Suite as Erica Martin Katy Jurado – Broken Lance as Señora Devereaux Jan Sterling – The High and the Mighty as Sally McKee Claire Trevor – The High and the Mighty as May Holst
Best Screenplay	Best Story and Screenplay
The Country Girl – George Seaton based on the play by Clifford Odets The Caine Mutiny – Stanley Roberts based on the novel by Herman Wouk Rear Window – John Michael Hayes based on the story "It Had To Be Murder" by Cornell Woolrich Sabrina – Billy Wilder, Samuel A. Taylor, and Ernest Lehman based on the novel by Samuel Taylor Seven Brides for Seven Brothers – Albert Hackett, Frances Goodrich, and Dorothy Kingsley based on the story "The Sobbin' Women" by Stephen Vincent Benét	On the Waterfront – Budd Schulberg The Barefoot Contessa – Joseph L. Mankiewicz Genevieve – William Rose The Glenn Miller Story – Valentine Davies and Oscar Brodney Knock on Wood – Norman Panama and Melvin Frank
Best Story	Best Short Subject - Cartoons
Broken Lance – Philip Yordan Bread, Love and Dreams – Ettore Maria Margadonna Forbidden Games – Francois Boyer Night People – Jed Harris and Tom Reed There's No Business Like Show Business – Lamar Trotti (posthumous nomination)	When Magoo Flew Crazy Mixed Up Pup Pigs Is Pigs Sandy Claws Touché, Pussy Cat!
Best Documentary Feature	Best Documentary Short Subject
The Vanishing Prairie – Walt Disney The Stratford Adventure – Guy Glover	Thursday's Children Jet Carrier Rembrandt: A Self-Portrait
Best Live Action Short Subject, One-Reel	Best Live Action Short Subject, Two-Reel
This Mechanical Age – Robert Youngson The First Piano Quartette – Otto Lang The Strauss Fantasy – Johnny Green	A Time Out of War – Denis Sanders and Terry Sanders Beauty and the Bull – Cedric Francis Jet Carrier – Otto Lang Siam – Walt Disney Productions
Best Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture	Best Scoring of a Musical Picture
The High and the Mighty – Dimitri Tiomkin The Caine Mutiny – Max Steiner Genevieve – Larry Adler On the Waterfront – Leonard Bernstein The Silver Chalice – Franz Waxman	Seven Brides for Seven Brothers – Adolph Deutsch and Saul Chaplin Carmen Jones – Herschel Burke Gilbert The Glenn Miller Story – Joseph Gershenson and Henry Mancini A Star Is Born – Ray Heindorf There's No Business Like Show Business – Alfred Newman and Lionel Newman
Best Song	Best Sound Recording
*"Three Coins in the Fountain" from Three Coins in the Fountain* – Music by Jule Styne; Lyrics by Sammy Cahn** "Count Your Blessings Instead of Sheep" from White Christmas – Music and Lyrics by Irving Berlin "The High and the Mighty" from The High and the Mighty – Music by Dimitri Tiomkin; Lyrics by Ned Washington "Hold My Hand" from Susan Slept Here – Music and Lyrics by Jack Lawrence and Richard Myers "The Man That Got Away" from A Star Is Born – Music by Harold Arlen; Lyrics by Ira Gershwin	The Glenn Miller Story – Leslie I. Carey Brigadoon – Wesley C. Miller The Caine Mutiny – John P. Livadary Rear Window – Loren L. Ryder Susan Slept Here – John O. Aalberg
Best Art Direction, Black-and-White	Best Art Direction, Color
On the Waterfront – Art Direction and Set Decoration: Richard Day The Country Girl – Art Direction: Hal Pereira and Roland Anderson; Set Decoration: Samuel M. Comer and Grace Gregory Executive Suite – Art Direction: Cedric Gibbons and Edward Carfagno; Set Decoration: Edwin B. Willis and Emile Kuri Le Plaisir – Art Direction and Set Decoration: Max Ophüls Sabrina – Art Direction: Hal Pereira and Walter Tyler; Set Decoration: Samuel M. Comer and Ray Moyer	20,000 Leagues Under the Sea – Art Direction: John Meehan; Set Decoration: Emile Kuri Brigadoon – Art Direction: Cedric Gibbons and E. Preston Ames; Set Decoration: Edwin B. Willis and Keogh Gleason Désirée – Art Direction: Lyle R. Wheeler and Leland Fuller; Set Decoration: Walter M. Scott and Paul S. Fox Red Garters – Art Direction: Hal Pereira and Roland Anderson; Set Decoration: Samuel M. Comer and Ray Moyer A Star Is Born – Art Direction: Malcolm Bert, Gene Allen and Irene Sharaff; Set Decoration: George James Hopkins
Best Cinematography, Black-and-White	Best Cinematography, Color
On the Waterfront – Boris Kaufman The Country Girl – John F. Warren Executive Suite – George Folsey Rogue Cop – John Seitz Sabrina – Charles Lang	Three Coins in the Fountain – Milton Krasner The Egyptian – Leon Shamroy Rear Window – Robert Burks Seven Brides for Seven Brothers – George Folsey The Silver Chalice – William V. Skall
Best Costume Design, Black-and-White	Best Costume Design, Color
Sabrina – Edith Head The Earrings of Madame de… – Georges Annenkov and Rosine Delamare Executive Suite – Helen Rose Indiscretion of an American Wife – Christian Dior It Should Happen to You – Jean Louis	Gate of Hell – Sanzo Wada Brigadoon – Irene Sharaff Désirée – Charles LeMaire and René Hubert A Star Is Born – Jean Louis, Mary Ann Nyberg and Irene Sharaff There's No Business Like Show Business – Charles LeMaire, Travilla and Miles White
Best Film Editing	Best Special Effects
On the Waterfront – Gene Milford 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea – Elmo Williams The Caine Mutiny – William A. Lyon and Henry Batista The High and the Mighty – Ralph Dawson Seven Brides for Seven Brothers – Ralph E. Winters	20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Hell and High Water Them!

Academy Honorary Awards

Bausch and Lomb Optical "for their contributions to the advancement of the motion picture industry.”
Kemp R. Niver "for the development of the Renovare Process which has made possible the restoration of the Library of Congress Paper Film Collection.”
Greta Garbo "for her unforgettable screen performances.”
Danny Kaye "for his unique talents, his service to the Academy, the motion picture industry, and the American people.”
Jon Whiteley "for his outstanding juvenile performance in The Little Kidnappers
Vincent Winter "for his outstanding juvenile performance in The Little Kidnappers

Best Foreign Language Film

Jigokumon (Gate of Hell) (Japan)

Presenters and performers

Presenters

Grace Kelly (Presenter: Documentary Awards)
Donna Reed (Presenter: Best Supporting Actor)
Lee J. Cobb (Presenter: Best Special Effects)
Dorothy Dandridge (Presenter: Best Film Editing)
Nina Foch and Jane Wyman (Presenters: Costume Design Awards)
Dan O'Herlihy and Jan Sterling (Presenters: Art Direction Awards)
Humphrey Bogart (Presenter: Best Cinematography, Black-and-White)
Katy Jurado (Presenter: Best Cinematography, Color)
Jean Marie Ingels (Presenter: Best Foreign Language Film)
Charles Brackett (Presenter: Honorary Awards)
Merle Oberon (Presenter: Honorary Awards — Juvenile Performances)
Lauren Bacall (Presenter: Scientific and Technical Awards)
Marlon Brando (Presenter: Best Director)
Audrey Hepburn, Karl Malden, and Claire Trevor (Presenters: Writing Awards)
Bing Crosby (Presenter: Music Awards)
Frank Sinatra (Presenter: Best Supporting Actress)
William Holden (Presenter: Best Actress)
Bette Davis (Presenter: Best Actor)
Edmond O'Brien, Eva Marie Saint, and Rod Steiger (Presenters: Short Subjects Awards)
Tom Tully (Presenter: Best Sound Recording)
Buddy Adler (Presenter: Best Picture)

Performers

David Rose (musical director)
Rosemary Clooney ("The Man That Got Away" from A Star Is Born)
Johnny Desmond and Muzzy Marcellino ("The High and the Mighty" from The High and the Mighty)
Peggy King ("Count Your Blessings Instead of Sheep" from White Christmas)
Dean Martin ("Three Coins in the Fountain" from Three Coins in the Fountain)
Tony Martin ("Hold My Hand" from Susan Slept Here)

Multiple nominations and awards

These films had multiple nominations:

12 nominations: On the Waterfront
7 nominations: The Caine Mutiny and The Country Girl
6 nominations: The High and the Mighty, Sabrina and A Star is Born
5 nominations: Seven Brides for Seven Brothers
4 nominations: Executive Suite and Rear Window
3 nominations: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Brigadoon, The Glenn Miller Story, There's No Business Like Show Business and Three Coins in the Fountain
2 nominations: The Barefoot Contessa, Broken Lance, Carmen Jones, Desiree, Genevieve, Jet Carrier, The Silver Chalice and Susan Slept Here

The following films received multiple awards.

8 wins: On the Waterfront
2 wins: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, The Country Girl and Three Coins in the Fountain

References

↑ Premiere. "100 Greatest Performances of All Time: 24-1". Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
↑ The Biographicon. "Judy Garland – Biography". Archived from the original on 2010-01-14. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
↑ "The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners". Oscars.org (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences). Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-20.

External links

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[1] Premiere. "100 Greatest Performances of All Time: 24-1". Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 2008-12-23.

[2] The Biographicon. "Judy Garland – Biography". Archived from the original on 2010-01-14. Retrieved 2009-09-06.

[Oscars1955-3] "The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners". Oscars.org (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences). Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-20.