鼻
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Japanese | 鼻 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 鼻 |
| Traditional | 鼻 |
Alternative forms
The form of this character differs slightly between China and Japan:
- in China: 鼻,
- in Japan: 鼻
That is, in China the bottom is 丌 (strokes T-junction), while in Japan the bottom is 廾 (strokes cross).
Han character
鼻 (radical 209, 鼻+0, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹山田一中 (HUWML), four-corner 26446, composition ⿱自畀)
- Kangxi radical #209, ⿐.
References
- KangXi: page 1530, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48498
- Dae Jaweon: page 2066, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4779, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9F3B
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
鼻 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 𢍂 second round simplified | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 鼻 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (畀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 箅 | *piːds, *pids |
| 濞 | *pʰiːds, *pʰrids |
| 畀 | *pids |
| 痹 | *pids |
| 淠 | *pʰrids |
| 嚊 | *pʰrids |
| 鼻 | *blids |
| 襣 | *bids |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *blids) : semantic 自 (“nose”) + phonetic 畀 (OC *pids). 自 (OC *ɦljids) originally meant 'nose', but replaced by 鼻 (OC *blids) to represent the sense of “self”. Some scholars interpret 鼻 (OC *blids) as a combination of a nose (自 (OC *ɦljids)) and two lungs (畀 (OC *pids)).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bi (“nose”); compare Sichuan Yi ꅳꁖ (hnap bbit, “nose; snot”).
Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-brit (“sneeze; nose; swallow”), whence Tibetan སྦྲིད (sbrid, “sneeze”), but there is no trace of r in Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).
In some modern lects, including Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Wu, and Xiang, and even in the literary layer of some Min dialects, the word reflects a form with final *-t. For example, in standard Mandarin, the word is pronounced bí (implying an old entering tone) instead of bì (the expected reflex from the departing tone in Middle Chinese). This is due to a phonological phenomenon in the northwest, either an early loss of *-s in the *-ts cluster before regular final cluster simplification occurred (Baxter, 1992), or a dialectal change from *-s to *-t (Pulleybank, 1998).
Pronunciation
Definitions
鼻
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 聞 (“to smell”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 聞, 嗅 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聞 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 聞 |
| Taiwan | 聞 | |
| Tianjin | 聞 | |
| Jinan | 聞 | |
| Xi'an | 聞 | |
| Wuhan | 聞 | |
| Chengdu | 聞 | |
| Yangzhou | 聞 | |
| Nanjing | 聞 | |
| Hefei | 聞 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 聞 |
| Hong Kong | 聞 | |
| Taishan | 聞 | |
| Yangjiang | 聞 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 嗅 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鼻 |
| Xingning | 鼻 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 鼻 | |
| Qujiang | 聞 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 鼻 | |
| Changting | 鼻 | |
| Pingyu | 鼻 | |
| Wuping | 鼻 | |
| Liancheng | 鼻 | |
| Ninghua | 鼻 | |
| Ruijin | 鼻 | |
| Shicheng | 嗅 | |
| Shangyou | 嗅 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鼻 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 鼻 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 鼻 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 鼻 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 鼻 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 鼻 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 聞 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 鼻 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 鼻 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 鼻 |
| Quanzhou | 鼻 | |
| Zhangzhou | 鼻 | |
| Taipei | 鼻 | |
| Kaohsiung | 鼻 | |
| Penang | 味 | |
| Chaozhou | 鼻 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 聞 |
| Suzhou | 聞 | |
| Wenzhou | 嗅, 聽 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 聞 |
| Shuangfeng | 嗅 | |
Compounds
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References
- “Entry #10972”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Etymology
From pointing to one's nose to refer to oneself.
Kunigami
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pʰanaː/
Okinawan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hana/
Vietnamese
Han character
鼻 (tị)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Yaeyama
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pana/