苟

See also: 茍

苟	U+82DF, 苟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82DF

← 苞
[U+82DE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

苠 →
[U+82E0]

Translingual

Han character

苟 (radical 140, 艸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿心口 (TPR), four-corner 4462₇, composition ⿱艹句)

Derived characters

敬

References

KangXi: page 1023, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30790

Dae Jaweon: page 1482, character 5

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3194, character 12

Unihan data for U+82DF

Chinese

trad.		苟
simp. ^#		苟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 苟
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
勾	koː, koːs
鉤	*koː
鴝	koː, ɡo
句	koː, koːs, kos, ɡo
夠	koː, koːs, *kʰoː
枸	koː, koːʔ, *koʔ
軥	koː, koːs, *ɡo
狗	*koːʔ
苟	*koːʔ
岣	koːʔ, ko
笱	*koːʔ
玽	*koːʔ
耇	*koːʔ
豿	koːʔ, qʰroːɡ
敂	*koːʔ
怐	koːs, kʰoːs, qʰoːs, kos
雊	*koːs
竘	kʰoːʔ, kʰoʔ
齁	*qʰoː
呴	qʰoːʔ, qʰos
蚼	qʰoːʔ, ɡo
豞	*qʰoːs
訽	qʰoːs, ɡoːs
佝	*qʰoːs
拘	*ko
駒	*ko
眗	*ko
跔	*ko
鮈	*ko
痀	*ko
蒟	koʔ, kos
絇	kos, ɡo
邭	*kos
劬	*ɡo
朐	*ɡo
鼩	*ɡo
斪	*ɡo
翑	*ɡo
葋	*ɡo
姁	ɡo, qʰo, qʰoʔ, qʰos
欨	qʰo, qʰoʔ
喣	*qʰoʔ
煦	qʰoʔ, qʰos
昫	*qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koːʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo) – a kind of grass, in original sense.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǒu (gou³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gau²
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kió / kó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): gou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ
  - Wade–Giles: kou³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goou
  - IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gau²
  - Yale: gáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo²
  - IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kió
  - Tâi-lô: kió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kor
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu
  - IPA ^(key): /kou⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /kəu^X/▼

Rime
Character	苟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古厚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kəu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəw^X/
Li Rong	/ku^X/
Wang Li	/kəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǒu

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ(r)oʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*koːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	苟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ kuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁ(r)oʔ/
English	if really
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苟
Reading #	1/1
No.	7069
Phonetic component	句
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	苟
Old Chinese	/*koːʔ/

Definitions

苟

careless, frivolous
illicit
temporizing; unprincipled
if, but, if only
- 苟能充之，足以保四海；苟不充之，不足以事父母。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Mencius, circa 4^th century BCE
  Gǒu néng chōng zhī, zúyǐ bǎo sìhǎi; gǒu bù chōng zhī, bù zúyǐ shì fùmǔ. [Pinyin]
  If the four principles can be developed, men will be capable of lving and protecting all within the four seas; if the four principles are not developed, men will not be capable of serving their parents.
a type of grass
any; at all
at least
tentatively; for the time being
- 苟全性命於亂世，不求聞達於諸侯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 諸葛亮, 《出師表》
  Gǒu quán xìngmìng yú luànshì, bù qiú wèndá yú zhūhóu. [Pinyin]
  For the time being, I did what I could to survive the chaotic times, and never wished to become eminent among the nobles.
A surname.

Compounds

一字不苟
一絲不苟／一丝不苟 (yīsībùgǒu)
不苟 (bùgǒu)
不苟且
不苟言笑 (bùgǒu yánxiào)
不苟言談／不苟言谈
偷合苟容
偷生苟活
因循苟且
媮合苟容
方正不苟
狗苟
狗苟蠅營／狗苟蝇营
畏難苟安／畏难苟安
臨財不苟／临财不苟
臨財苟得／临财苟得
臨難苟免／临难苟免 (línnàn gǒumiǎn)

苟且 (gǒuqiě)
苟且偷安
苟且偷生 (gǒuqiětōushēng)
苟且唐塞
苟且自度
苟免 (gǒumiǎn)
苟全 (gǒuquán)
苟合 (gǒuhé)
苟合取容
苟同 (gǒutóng)
苟存
苟安 (gǒu'ān)
苟安一隅
苟容
苟容曲從／苟容曲从
苟延殘喘／苟延残喘
苟延殘息／苟延残息

苟弟轉酷／苟弟转酷
苟得
苟政
苟活
苟為／苟为
苟然
苟營／苟营
苟生
苟留殘喘／苟留残喘
苟祿／苟禄
苟簡／苟简
苟言
苟非
蠅營狗苟／蝇营狗苟 (yíngyínggǒugǒu)
行不苟合
行不苟容

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 苟 – see 茍 (“to be circumspect or cautious in one's behaviour ”). (This character, 苟, is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 茍.)

References

“苟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

苟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

any, at all, in the least

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kun: いやしくも (iyashikumo, 苟も)

Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

苟 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

careless, frivolous
illicit
grammatical particle: if, but, if only

Vietnamese

Han character

苟 (cẩu)

1. (Tính) Cẩu thả, ẩu, bừa. ◎Như: "nhất bút bất cẩu" 一筆不苟 một nét không cẩu thả.

2. (Phó) Tạm, tạm bợ. ◎Như: "cẩu an đán tịch" 苟安旦夕 tạm yên sớm tối, "cẩu toàn tính mệnh" 苟全性命 tạm cầu cho còn tính mạng, "cẩu hợp" 苟合 lấy vợ lấy chồng không có đủ lễ chính đáng (không tính chuyện lâu dài).

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