福

福 U+798F, 福
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798F
← 禎
[U+798E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 禐 →
[U+7990]
福 U+FA1B, 福
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1B
← 祥
[U+FA1A] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 靖 →
[U+FA1C]
福 U+2F956, 福
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F956
← 𥛅
[U+2F955] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 秫 →
[U+2F957]

Translingual

Han character

福 (radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火一口田 (IFMRW), four-corner 31266, composition ⿰礻畐(GHTJV) or ⿰示畐(K))

References
  • KangXi: page 845, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24768
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2404, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+798F

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 福

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 福
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
富 *pɯɡs
輻 *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副 *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔 *pʰɯɡs
蔔 *bɯːɡ
匐 *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼 *prɯɡ
偪 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢 *prɯɡ
堛 *pʰrɯɡ
愊 *pʰrɯɡ
踾 *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊 *pʰrɯɡ
稫 *pʰrɯɡ
畐 *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈 *pʰrɯɡ
腷 *brɯɡ
鶝 *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福 *pɯɡ
蝠 *pɯɡ
葍 *pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pɯɡ) : semantic 示 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 富 (OC *pɯɡs, “rich”), Tibetan ཕྱུགས (phyugs, “livestock”).

Pronunciation 1
Rime
Character 福
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /piuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /puwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /piuk̚/
Wang
Li		 /pĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 福
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjuwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pək/
English blessing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 福
Reading # 1/1
No. 3395
Phonetic
component		 畐
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 福
Old
Chinese		 /*pɯɡ/

Definitions

福

  1. blessing; happiness; good fortune; prosperity
  2. Short for 福建 (Fújiàn, “Fujian”).
  3. A surname​. Fu.

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (福):

Compounds
Derived terms from 福

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 福
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 敷救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pʰɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʰiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pʰiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pʰuwH/
Li
Rong		 /pʰiuH/
Wang
Li		 /pʰĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fòu

Definitions

福

  1. † to store; to garner
  2. † to conform to; to fit in with

Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji
福

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 福)

  1. good fortune, good luck

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
福
ふく
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 福 (MC pɨuk̚).

Pronunciation

Noun

福 (hiragana ふく, rōmaji fuku)

  1. good luck, good fortune
    Synonym: 幸運 (kōun)
    Antonym: 禍 (ka)
  2. happiness
  3. (Shinto, Buddhism) a blessing

Derived terms

Adjectival noun

福 (-na inflection, hiragana ふく, rōmaji fuku)

  1. wealthy

Inflection
Inflection of 福
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 福だろ ふくだろ fuku daro
Continuative (連用形) 福で ふくで fuku de
Terminal (終止形) 福だ ふくだ fuku da
Attributive (連体形) 福な ふくな fuku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 福なら ふくなら fuku nara
Imperative (命令形) 福であれ ふくであれ fuku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 福ではない
福じゃない		 ふくではない
ふくじゃない		 fuku de wa nai
fuku ja nai
Informal past 福だった ふくだった fuku datta
Informal negative past 福ではなかった
福じゃなかった		 ふくではなかった
ふくじゃなかった		 fuku de wa nakatta
fuku ja nakatta
Formal 福です ふくです fuku desu
Formal negative 福ではありません
福じゃありません		 ふくではありません
ふくじゃありません		 fuku de wa arimasen
fuku ja arimasen
Formal past 福でした ふくでした fuku deshita
Formal negative past 福ではありませんでした
福じゃありませんでした		 ふくではありませんでした
ふくじゃありませんでした		 fuku de wa arimasen deshita
fuku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 福で ふくで fuku de
Conditional 福なら（ば） ふくなら（ば） fuku nara (ba)
Provisional 福だったら ふくだったら fuku dattara
Volitional 福だろう ふくだろう fuku darō
Adverbial 福に ふくに fuku ni
Degree 福さ ふくさ fukusa

Proper noun

福 (hiragana ふく, rōmaji Fuku)

  1. a placename
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

福 (eum 복 (bok))

  1. fortune

Vietnamese

Han character

福 (phúc, phước)

  1. happy
  2. fortunate
  3. blessing
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.