狐

狐 U+72D0, 狐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D0
← 狏
[U+72CF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狑 →
[U+72D1]

Translingual

Han character

狐 (radical 94, 犬+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大竹竹女人 (KHHVO), four-corner 42230, composition ⿰犭瓜)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 708, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20333
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1340, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+72D0

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 狐

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (瓜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
瓜 *kʷraː
坬 *kʷraːs
窊 *qʷraː, *qʷraːs
畖 *qʷraː
搲 *qʷraːs
攨 *qʷraːs
孤 *kʷaː
苽 *kʷaː
胍 *kʷaː
泒 *kʷaː
呱 *kʷaː
觚 *kʷaː
柧 *kʷaː
罛 *kʷaː
軱 *kʷaː
菰 *kʷaː
箛 *kʷaː
狐 *ɡʷaː
弧 *ɡʷlaː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷaː) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gwa (“fox”). Cognate with Tibetan ཝ (wa, “fox”).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • hou5 - vernacular;
  • hu5 - literary.
Rime
Character 狐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸吳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦuo/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦɔ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣo/
Wang
Li		 /ɣu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hú
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hu ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ʷˁa/
English fox

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狐
Reading # 1/1
No. 4358
Phonetic
component		 瓜
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 胡
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡʷaː/

Definitions

狐

  1. fox
  2. A surname​.

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 狐狸 (“fox”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 狐
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狐狸, 狐
Taxonomic name 狐
Mandarin Beijing 狐狸
Taiwan 狐狸
Harbin 狐狸
Hailar 狐狸
Ulan Hot 狐狸
Tongliao 狐狸
Chifeng 狐狸
Bayanhot 狐狸
Jinan 貔子, 貔大狐子, 貔狐子, 狐狸
Muping 貔子, 狐狸
Luoyang 狐狸
Wanrong 狐子
Xi'an 狐狸, 狐子
Zhengzhou 狐狸
Xining 野狐兒, 狐狸, 沙狐
Xuzhou 狐狸子, 狐狸
Yinchuan 狐子
Lanzhou 野狐
Ürümqi 狐狸
Wuhan 狐狸
Chengdu 狐狸, 毛狗
Guiyang 狐狸, 毛狗
Guilin 狐狸
Liuzhou 狐狸
Yangzhou 狐狸, 狸
Nanjing 狐狸, 大仙 superstitious
Hefei 狐狸
Cantonese Guangzhou 狐狸
Hong Kong 狐狸
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 狐狸
Foshan 狐狸
Shunde 狐狸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狐狸
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 狐狸
Taishan 狐狸
Kaiping (Chikan) 蜢狗
Dongguan 狐狸
Shaoguan 狐狸
Yunfu 狐狸
Yangjiang 狐狸
Xinyi 狐狸
Lianjiang 狐狸
Nanning 狐狸
Wuzhou 狐狸
Yulin 狐狸
Hepu 狐狸
Kuala Lumpur 狐狸
Gan Nanchang 狐狸
Lichuan 狐兒
Pingxiang 狐狸
Hakka Meixian 狐狸
Luchuan 狐狸
Yudu 狐狸子, 狐狸
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狐狸
Liudui (S. Sixian) 狐狸, 狐狸仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 狐狸
Dongshi (Dabu) 狐狸
Hsinchu (Raoping) 狐狸
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 狐狸
Hong Kong 狐狸
Senai 狐狸
Singkawang 狐狸
Huizhou Jixi 狐狸
Jin Taiyuan 狐子, 狐狸
Xinzhou 狐子
Baochang 狐狸
Jining 狐子
Hohhot 狐子
Baotou 狐子
Dongsheng 狐子
Linhe 狐子
Haibowan 狐子
Min Bei Jian'ou 狐狸
Min Dong Fuzhou 狐狸
Fuqing 野貓
Min Nan Xiamen 狐狸, 狐貓
Quanzhou 狐狸, 狐貓
Zhangzhou 狐狸, 狐貓
Taipei 狐狸
Kaohsiung 狐狸
Tainan 狐狸
Taichung 狐狸
Wuqi 狐狸
Hsinchu 狐狸
Taitung 狐狸
Lukang 狐狸
Yilan 狐狸
Magong 狐狸
Penang 狐狸
Singapore 狐狸
Pingnan 狐狸
Chaozhou 狐狸
Johor Bahru 狐狸
Haikou 狐狸
Puxian Min Putian 狐狸
Xianyou 狐狸
Pinghua Nanning 狐狸
Guilin 狐狸
Wu Shanghai 狐狸
Suzhou 狐狸
Hangzhou 狐狸, 大仙 superstitious
Wenzhou 狐狸
Chongming 狐狸
Danyang 狐狸
Jinhua 狐狸
Ningbo 狐狸
Xiang Changsha 狐狸
Shuangfeng 狐狸
Quanzhou 狐狸精, 狐狸

Compounds
Derived terms from 狐

Japanese

Kanji
狐

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings
  • Go-on: ぐ (gu); ご (go)
  • Kan-on: こ (ko)
  • Kun: きつね (kitsune, 狐)

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
狐 (kitsune): a fox napping in the snow.
Kanji in this term
狐
きつね
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Ultimate derivation unknown. There are various theories. The most likely is based on the root form kitsu, which may have originally been onomatopoeic for the sound of a fox's cry.[1] The final ne syllable appeared for certain by the Heian period,[2] but its meaning remains unclear.

Pronunciation

Noun

狐 (hiragana きつね, katakana キツネ, rōmaji kitsune)

  1. a fox
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
      狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也
    • 1994 July 16, Nijiko Kiyokawa as Oroku, 平成狸合戦ぽんぽこ [Heisei Raccoon Dog War Ponpoko], written by Isao Takahata, Toho:
      程 (てい)度 (ど)の低 (ひく)いものは「擬 (ぎ)態 (たい)」と呼 (よ)ばれ、カメレオンなんぞにもできるが、「化 (ば)け学 (がく)」はオラたち以 (い)外 (がい)では、キツネと一 (いち)部 (ぶ)のネコしか身 (み)につけておらん‼
      Teido no hikui mono wa “gitai” to yobare, kamereon nanzo ni mo dekiru ga, “bakegaku” wa ora-tachi igai de wa, kitsune to ichibu no neko shika mi ni tsuketeoran‼
      Those lesser kinds like chameleons can make use of “mimicry”, but beside us, only foxes and a few cats can master “metamorphism”‼

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as キツネ.

Synonyms

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 青狐 (あおぎつね) (aogitsune)
  • 赤狐 (あかぎつね) (akagitsune)
  • 兎死 (うさぎし)すれば狐 (きつね)これを悲 (かな)しむ (usagi shi sureba kitsune kore o kanashimu)
  • 兎 (うさぎ)の罠 (わな)に狐 (きつね)がかかる (usagi no wana ni kitsune ga kakaru)
  • 刑部狐 (おさかべぎつね) (osakabegitsune)
  • 御先狐 (おさきぎつね) (osakigitsune)
  • 尾 (お)裂 (さ)き狐 (ぎつね) (osakigitsune)
  • 雄狐 (おぎつね) (ogitsune): a male fox
  • 同 (おな)じ穴 (あな)の狐 (きつね) (onaji ana no kitsune)
  • 北狐 (きたきつね) (kitakitsune): Vulpes vulpes schrenckii, the northern fox or Hokkaido fox of Japan and Sakhalin
  • 狐薊 (きつねあざみ) (kitsuneazami)
  • 狐色 (きつねいろ) (kitsuneiro)
  • 狐饂飩 (きつねうどん) (kitsuneudon)
  • 狐落 (きつねお)とし (kitsuneotoshi)
  • 狐拳 (きつねけん) (kitsuneken)
  • 狐格子 (きつねごうし) (kitsunegōshi)
  • 狐猿 (きつねざる) (kitsunezaru)
  • 狐死 (きつねし)して丘 (おか)に首 (しゅ)す (kitsune shi shite oka ni shusu), 狐死 (きつねし)して丘 (おか)に首 (かしら)す (kitsune shi shite oka ni kashirasu)
  • 狐鮨 (きつねずし) (kitsunezushi)
  • 狐施行 (きつねせぎょう) (kitsunesegyō)
  • 狐鯛 (きつねだい) (kitsunedai)
  • 狐忠信 (きつねただのぶ) (kitsunetadanobu)
  • 狐塚 (きつねづか) (kitsunezuka)
  • 狐使 (きつねつか)い (kitsunetsukai)
  • 狐憑 (きつねつ)き (kitsunetsuki): possession by a kitsune
  • 狐釣 (きつねつ)り (kitsunetsuri)
  • 狐戸 (きつねど) (kitsunedo)
  • 狐 (きつね)と狸 (たぬき) (kitsune to tanuki)
  • 狐 (きつね)と狸 (たぬき)の化 (ば)かし合 (あ)い (kitsune to tanuki no bakashi ai)
  • 狐 (きつね)につままれる (kitsune ni tsumamareru)
  • 狐 (きつね)の絵筆 (えふで) (kitsune no efude)
  • 狐 (きつね)の尾 (お) (kitsune no o)
  • 狐 (きつね)の剃刀 (かみそり) (kitsune no kamisori)
  • 狐 (きつね)の子 (こ)は頬白 (つらじろ) (kitsune no ko wa tsurajiro)
  • 狐 (きつね)の茶袋 (ちゃぶくろ) (kitsune no chabukuro)
  • 狐 (きつね)の提 (ちょう)灯 (ちん) (kitsune no chōchin)
  • 狐 (きつね)の手袋 (てぶくろ) (kitsune no tebukuro)
  • 狐 (きつね)の牡 (ぼ)丹 (たん) (kitsune no botan)
  • 狐 (きつね)の孫 (まご) (kitsune no mago)
  • 狐 (きつね)の嫁 (よ)入 (めい)り (kitsune no yomeiri): a sun shower
  • 狐火 (きつねび) (kitsunebi): will o' the wisp, foxfire
  • 狐日和 (きつねびより) (kitsunebiyori)
  • 狐福 (きつねふく) (kitsunefuku)
  • 狐遍羅 (きつねべら) (kitsunebera), 狐倍良 (きつねべら) (kitsunebera)
  • 狐窓 (きつねまど) (kitsunemado)
  • 狐飯 (きつねめし) (kitsunemeshi)
  • 狐物語 (きつねものがたり) (kitsunemonogatari)
  • 狐柳 (きつねやなぎ) (kitsuneyanagi)
  • 狐六方 (きつねろっぽう) (kitsuneroppō)
  • 狐罠 (きつねわな) (kitsunewana)
  • 狐 (きつね)を馬 (うま)に乗 (の)せたよう (kitsune o uma ni noseta yō)
  • 九 (きゅう)尾 (び)の狐 (きつね) (kyūbi no kitsune)
  • 銀狐 (ぎんぎつね) (gingitsune)
  • 管狐 (くだぎつね) (kudagitsune)
  • 源九郎狐 (げんくろうぎつね) (genkurōgitsune)
  • 小狐 (こぎつね) (kogitsune), 子狐 (こぎつね) (kogitsune)
  • 小狐座 (こぎつねざ) (Kogitsuneza)
  • 小狐丸 (こぎつねまる) (kogitsunemaru)
  • 小狐礼三 (こぎつねれいざ) (kogitsunereiza)
  • 小人狐猿 (こびときつねざる) (kobitokitsunezaru)
  • 佐渡狐 (さどぎつね) (sadogitsune)
  • 白狐 (しろぎつね) (shirogitsune)
  • 師走狐 (しわすぎつね) (shiwasugitsune)
  • 釣 (つ)り狐 (ぎつね) (tsurigitsune)
  • 虎 (とら)の威 (い)を借 (か)る狐 (きつね) (tora no i o karu kitsune)
  • 野狐 (のぎつね) (nogitsune): field or wild foxes
  • 灰色狐 (はいいろぎつね) (haiirogitsune)
  • 袋狐 (ふくろぎつね) (fukurogitsune)
  • 古狐 (ふるぎつね) (furugitsune)
  • 北極狐 (ほっきょくぎつね) (hokkyokugitsune)
  • 牝狐 (めぎつね) (megitsune), 雌狐 (めぎつね) (megitsune): a female fox, a vixen
  • ライネケ狐 (ぎつね) (rainekegitsune)

References
  1. 1937: Daigenkai (in Japanese). Reissued in 1984. →ISBN
  2. 1998: 『怪異・きつね百物語』 (Yōkai: Kitsune Hyaku Monogatari, “Phantoms: 100 Fox Tales”; in Japanese). Yoshihiko Sasama. →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

狐 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Etymology

/*kit͡sune/ → /t͡ɕit͡sini/ → /t͡ɕit͡ɕini/

Cognate with mainland Japanese 狐 (kitsune).

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ちつィに.[1] The phonemes /t͡si/ and /t͡ɕi/ converged in Okinawan during the 20th century.

Kanji

狐 (hiragana ちちに, romaji chichini)

Noun

狐 (hiragana ちちに, romaji chichini, historical hiragana ちつィに)

  1. fox

References
  1. 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/30

Vietnamese

Han character

狐 (hồ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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