See also: and
U+72AC, 犬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AC

[U+72AB]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+72AD]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare from (water), from (hand), and from (heart), all of which are a 3-stroke form from a 4-stroke character.

Han character

(radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 43030, composition)

  1. Kangxi radical #94, .

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 705, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1331, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+72AC

Chinese

simp. and trad.
A dog (a Labrador)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ŋreːl, *rulʔ
*kʷeːnʔ
*kʷeːnʔ
*kljuns, *kʷeːnʔ
*kʰʷeːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) The side view of a dog.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (dog).

This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by (OC *koːʔ) in most dialects except Min Dong, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other dialects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kiêng2 - Chaozhou;
  • kiang2 - Shantou.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰyan²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰyan²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰyan¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
Xining /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰyɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕyan⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰyɛn⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰian⁴²/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyen²¹²/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyĩ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰye̞⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰye⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰyø³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰiø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷõ⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰye³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰyɛ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kʰian³¹/
Taoyuan /kʰien³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hyn³⁵/
Nanning /hyn³⁵/
Hong Kong /hyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰian⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɛiŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰyiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰuaŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xin³¹/
/kau²¹³/ 訓狗

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (29)
Final () (86)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () IV
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰwenX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰʷenX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰuɛnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰwɛnX/
Li
Rong
/kʰuenX/
Wang
Li
/kʰiwenX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰiwenX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
quǎn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
quǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ khwenX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ/
English dog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10736
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰʷeːnʔ/

Definitions

  1. (literary or Min Dong, dialectal Wu) dog

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of (“dog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Taxonomic name
Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Tianjin
Harbin
Jinan
Muping 狗子,
Luoyang
Wanrong
Xi'an
Xining
Xuzhou
Yinchuan
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Wuhan 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
Chengdu
Guiyang
Guilin
Liuzhou
Yangzhou , 狗子
Nanjing
Hefei
Nantong 狗子
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
Foshan
Shunde
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)
Taishan
Kaiping (Chikan)
Dongguan
Shaoguan
Yunfu
Yangjiang
Xinyi
Lianjiang
Nanning
Wuzhou
Yulin
Hepu
Kuala Lumpur
Gan Nanchang
Lichuan
Pingxiang
Hakka Meixian
Luchuan
Changting
Yudu 狗子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狗仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 狗仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) , 狗仔
Dongshi (Dabu)
Hsinchu (Raoping)
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Hong Kong
Sabah
Senai
Singkawang
Huizhou Jixi
Jin Taiyuan 狗兒,
Xinzhou
Min Bei Jian'ou 狗仔,
Min Dong Fuzhou , 犬囝
Changle
Fuqing
Pingtan
Yongtai
Gutian
Fu'an
Ningde
Shouning
Zhouning
Fuding
Matsu
Min Nan Xiamen
Quanzhou
Zhangzhou
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Tainan 狗仔
Taichung
Wuqi
Hsinchu
Taitung
Lukang
Yilan
Magong
Penang
Singapore
Philippines (Manila)
Pingnan
Chaozhou
Shantou
Haifeng
Johor Bahru
Haikou
Leizhou
Puxian Min Putian
Pinghua Nanning
Guilin
Wu Shanghai , 汪汪狗 childish
Suzhou
Hangzhou
Wenzhou , 𡀿𡀿 childish
Chongming
Danyang 狗子
Jinhua
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng
Loudi
Quanzhou

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. a dog
  2. the dog radical (いぬ)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

(inu): various kinds of dog.
Kanji in this term
いぬ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, to leave, to be gone), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of (ie, house, home) + (nu, to sleep, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese (enu, puppy, dog), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(counter , hiragana いぬ, katakana イヌ, rōmaji inu)

  1. dog; canine
     (いぬ)毎日餌 (まいにちえさ) ()げて (くだ)さい。
    Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
    Please feed the dog every day.
  2. one who is loyal (like a dog)
  3. a spy

Descendants

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (gae gyeon))

  1. dog

Synonyms

Derived terms


Miyako

Etymology

Cognate with Old Japanese (inu).

Kanji

(hiragana いん, romaji in)

Noun

(hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

Northern Amami-Oshima

Etymology

Cognate with Old Japanese (inu).

Kanji

(hiragana いん, romaji in)

Noun

(hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

Okinawan

Kanji

(hiragana いん, romaji in)

Etymology

Cognate with Old Japanese (inu).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): [ʔiŋ̍]

Noun

(hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

Compounds


Southern Amami-Oshima

Etymology

Cognate with Old Japanese (inu).

Kanji

(hiragana いん, romaji in)

Noun

(hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: khuyển[1][2]
: Nôm readings: khuyển[1][3][4], chó[2]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Bonet (1899).
  4. Génibrel (1898).
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