柬

See also: 東

柬	U+67EC, 柬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67EC

← 柫
[U+67EB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

柭 →
[U+67ED]

Translingual

Han character

柬 (radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木田火 (DWF), four-corner 5090₆, composition ⿻束丷)

Descendants

諫, 楝, 煉, 湅, 揀, 闌, 練, 鍊, 𣍃

References

KangXi: page 520, character 19

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14655

Dae Jaweon: page 908, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1179, character 4

Unihan data for U+67EC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		柬
variant forms		𫠣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 柬
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːns
讕	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	kreːnʔ, ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 束 (“tie”) + 八 (“individually”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiǎn (jian³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kián
Min Dong (BUC): gāng
Min Nan (POJ): kán
Wu (Wiktionary): ji (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chien³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaan²
  - Yale: gáan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gan²
  - IPA ^(key): /käːn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kián
  - Hakka Romanization System: gian`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian³
  - IPA: /ki̯an³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gāng
  - IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán
  - Tâi-lô: kán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kan⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ji (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /kˠɛn^X/▼

Rime
Character	柬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古限切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨn^X/
Li Rong	/kɛn^X/
Wang Li	/kæn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kăn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤr[a]nʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kreːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛn^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁr[a]nʔ/
English	select, distinguish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柬
Reading #	1/1
No.	6138
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	簡
Old Chinese	/*kreːnʔ/
Notes	揀初文

Definitions

柬

letter; invitation
Short for 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài, “Cambodia”).
^† Alternative form of 揀／拣 (jiǎn, “to pick; to select”).

Compounds

折柬
柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài)

柬帖
訂婚柬帖／订婚柬帖

請柬／请柬 (qǐngjiǎn)
遴柬

Japanese

Kanji

柬

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

select, pick out

Readings

Go-on: けん (ken)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kun: えらぶ (erabu, 柬ぶ)

Compounds

柬埔寨 (カンボジア) (Kanbojia, “Cambodia”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
柬
かん Hyōgaiji
kan’on

From classical verb 柬す (kansu), itself from Middle Chinese 柬 (MC kˠɛn^X). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Verb

柬する (hiragana かんする, rōmaji kan suru)

to send a letter

Conjugation

Conjugation of "柬する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	柬し	かんし	kan shi
Continuative (連用形)	柬し	かんし	kan shi
Terminal (終止形)	柬する	かんする	kan suru
Attributive (連体形)	柬する	かんする	kan suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	柬すれ	かんすれ	kan sure
Imperative (命令形)	柬せよ¹ 柬しろ²	かんせよ¹ かんしろ²	kan seyo¹ kan shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	柬される	かんされる	kan sareru
Causative	柬させる柬さす	かんさせるかんさす	kan saseru kan sasu
Potential	柬できる	かんできる	kan dekiru
Volitional	柬しよう	かんしよう	kan shiyō
Negative	柬しない	かんしない	kan shinai
Negative continuative	柬せず	かんせず	kan sezu
Formal	柬します	かんします	kan shimasu
Perfective	柬した	かんした	kan shita
Conjunctive	柬して	かんして	kan shite
Hypothetical conditional	柬すれば	かんすれば	kan sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

柬 • (gan) (hangeul 간)

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Vietnamese

Han character

柬 (giản)

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN