岡

See also: 𫝍 and 冈

岡	U+5CA1, 岡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CA1

← 岠
[U+5CA0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

岢 →
[U+5CA2]

Translingual

Han character

岡 (radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月廿山 (BTU), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿵冂⿱䒑山)

Derived characters

剛(刚), 鋼(钢), 崗(岗), 罁, 綱(纲), 掆(㧏), 棡(㭎), 犅, 碙, 堈

Related characters

冈 (Simplified Chinese)

References

KangXi: page 308, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7962
Dae Jaweon: page 608, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 100, character 14
Unihan data for U+5CA1

Chinese

trad.		岡
simp.		冈^*
variant forms		崗／岗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
鋼	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 网 (OC *mlaŋʔ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007), cognate with Tibetan [script needed] (sgang), Burmese [script needed] (khaŋ, “hill, knoll”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”),, Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain").

STEDT also proposes cognacy with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “artificial mound, capital”) and 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāng, gǎng (gang¹, gang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ, ㄍㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹ / geng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): kaan (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
  - Wade–Giles: kang¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˇ
  - Wade–Giles: kang³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaang
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong¹
  - Yale: gōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
  - Hakka Romanization System: gong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
  - Tâi-lô: kong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
  - Tâi-lô: kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang¹ / geng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang / kṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/, /kɯŋ³³/

Note: geng1 - used in 黃岡.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: kaan (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑ̃⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /kɑŋ/▼

Rime
Character	岡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	岡
Reading #	1/1
No.	3711
Phonetic component	岡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/
Notes	說文從山網聲

Definitions

岡

ridge or crest of a mountain
mountain; hill

Compounds

奧勒岡州／奥勒冈州
山岡／山冈 (shāngāng)
岡岑／冈岑
岡巒／冈峦
岡渡拉／冈渡拉
岡連嶺屬／冈连岭属
岡陵／冈陵 (gānglíng)

崑岡／昆冈
梵蒂岡／梵蒂冈 (Fàndìgāng)
瀧岡／泷冈
臥龍岡／卧龙冈
雲岡／云冈
雲岡石窟／云冈石窟

靜岡／静冈 (Jìnggāng)
高岡／高冈 (gāogāng)
高岡兒／高冈儿
鶴岡／鹤冈 (Hègāng)
黃岡／黄冈 (Huánggāng)
黃花岡／黄花冈

Japanese

Kanji

岡

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

hill

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: おか (oka, 岡, Jōyō, uncommon)^{←をか (woka, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

岡 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

岡 (cương)

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