乍

乍	U+4E4D, 乍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4D

← 乌
[U+4E4C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

乎 →
[U+4E4E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

乍 (radical 4, 丿+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸 (HS), four-corner 8021₁, composition ⿱𠂉⿰丨二)

References

KangXi: page 82, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 130
Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 35, character 3
Unihan data for U+4E4D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		乍
variant forms		𠆦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乍

Shang

Western Zhou

Warring States

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Chu Slip and silk script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j27471	j27472	j27473	j27474	j27475	j27476	j27477	j27478
j27479	j27480	j27481	j27482	j27483	j27484	j27485	j27486
j27487	j27488	j27489	j27490	j27491	j27492	j27493	j27494
j27495	j27496	j27497	j27498	j27499	j27500	j27501	j27502
j27503	j27504	j27505	j27506	j27507	j27508	j27509	j27510
j27511	j27512	j27513	j27514	j27515	j27516	j27517	j27518
j27519	j27520	j27521	j27522	j27523	j27524	j27525	j27526
j27527	j27528	j27529

**Bronze inscriptions**
b17714	b17715	b17716	b17717	b17718	b17719	b17720	b17721
b17722	b17723	b17724	b17725	b17726	b17727	b17728	b17729
b17730	b17731	b17732	b17733	b17734	b17735	b17736	b17737
b17738	b17739	b17740	b17741	b17742	b17743	b17744	b17745
b17746	b17747	b17748	b17749	b17750	b17751	b17752	b17753
b17754	b17755	b17756	b17757	b17758	b17759	b17760	b17761
b17762	b17763	b17764	b17765	b17766	b17767	b17768	b17769
b17770	b17771	b17772	b17773	b17774	b17775	b17776	b17777
b17778	b17779	b17780	b17781	b17782	b17783	b17784	b17785
b17786	b17787	b17788	b17789	b17790	b17791	b17792	b17793
b17794	b17795	b17796	b17797	b17798	b17799	b17800	b17801
b17802	b17803	b17804	b17805	b17806	b17807	b17808	b17809
b17810	b17811	b17812	b17813	b17814	b17815	b17816	b17817
b17818	b17819	b17820	b17821	b17822	b17823	b17824	b17825
b17826	b17827	b17828	b17829	b17830	b17831	b17832	b17833
b17834	b17835	b17836	b17837	b17838	b17839	b17840	b17841
b17842	b17843	b17844	b17845	b17846	b17847	b17848	b17849

**Small seal script**
s09434

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L23775	L23776	L23777

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
作	ʔsaːɡs, ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
鲊	*ʔsraːʔ
痄	*ʔsraːʔ
厏	ʔsraːʔ, zraːʔ
詐	*ʔsraːɡs
咋	ʔsraːɡs, zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
笮	ʔsraːɡs, zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
榨	*ʔsraːɡs
炸	ʔr'aːɡs, zreːb
乍	*zraːɡs
拃	*ʔsraːnʔ
酢	sʰaːɡs, zaːɡ
祚	*zaːɡs
胙	*zaːɡs
阼	*zaːɡs
飵	zaːɡs, zaːɡ
秨	zaːɡs, zaːɡ
迮	ʔsaːɡ, ʔsraːɡ
柞	ʔsaːɡ, zaːɡ
昨	*zaːɡ
怍	*zaːɡ
砟	*zaːɡ
莋	*zaːɡ
岝	zaːɡ, zraːɡ
鈼	*zaːɡ
筰	*zaːɡ
葃	zaːɡ, zreːɡ, *zaɡ
舴	ʔr'aːɡ, ʔsraːɡ
窄	*ʔsraːɡ
蚱	*ʔsraːɡ
齚	*zraːɡ
泎	*zraːɡ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhà (zha⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa³, zaa⁶
Min Nan (POJ): chā / chà / chèe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhà
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
  - Wade–Giles: cha⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaa³, zaa⁶
  - Yale: ja, jah
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa³, dzaa⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: za³, za⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡säː³³/, /t͡säː²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chā
  - Tâi-lô: tsā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: za
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sa²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chà
  - Tâi-lô: tsà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zax
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sa²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe
  - Tâi-lô: tsèe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /d͡ʒˠa^H/▼

Rime
Character	乍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	鋤駕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠa^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒa^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐaɨ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒa^H/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒa^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱa^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhà

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤrak-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zraːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhà
Middle Chinese	‹ dzræ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁrak-s/
English	suddenly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乍
Reading #	1/1
No.	16650
Phonetic component	乍
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乍
Old Chinese	/*zraːɡs/
Notes	曾憲通雲甲金文象以耒起土，爲耕作字初文

Definitions

乍

Pronunciation 2

Min Nan (POJ): chàⁿ

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zvax
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sã¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sã²¹/

Definitions

乍

(Min Nan) to fry

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #1307”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 乍 – see 作 (“to get up; to get up and go to work; etc.”). (This character, 乍, is a variant form of 作.)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 乍 – see 榨 (“to press or extract juices; to squeeze; a press to extract juices; etc.”). (This character, 乍, is the second-round simplified form of 榨.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

乍

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: じゃ (ja)
Kan-on: さ (sa)
Kun: たちまち (tachimachi, 乍ち); ながら (nagara, 乍ら)

As an alternative form of 作:

Go-on: さく (saku)
Kan-on: さく (saku)
Kun: おこる (okoru, 乍こる)

Korean

Hanja

乍 • (sa)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 사 (revised: sa, McCune–Reischauer: sa, Yale: sa)
- Name (hangeul): 잠깐 (revised: jamkkan, McCune–Reischauer: chamkkan)

(for) a short time

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乍

Vietnamese

Han character

乍: Hán Nôm readings: chạ, sạ, cha, sã

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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