tun

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tun"

English

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

From Middle English tunne, tonne (cask, barrel), from Old English tunne (tun, cask, barrel), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (tun, barrel, cask), of unknown origin. Cognate with North Frisian tenn (tun, barrel, cask), Dutch ton (tun, barrel, cask), German Tonne (tun, barrel, drum), Danish tønde (barrel), Swedish tunna (barrel, cask, tun), Icelandic tunna (barrel). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (ton, barrel), Medieval Latin tunna (cask), Middle Irish tunna (cask), Welsh tynell (tun, barrel). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /tʌn/, /tʊn/
  • Homophones: ton, tonne
  • Rhymes: -ʌn

Noun

tun (plural tuns)

  1. A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask.
  2. (brewing) A fermenting vat.
  3. An old English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 252 wine gallons; equal to two pipes.
    • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, p. 205:
      Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
  4. A weight of 2,240 pounds.
  5. An indefinite large quantity.
    • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii]:
      He therefore sends you, meeter for your spirit, / This tun of treasure; and, in lieu of this, / Desires you let the dukedoms that you claim / Hear no more of you.
    • 1682, John Dryden, "Mac Flecknoe", lines 195-196:
      A Tun of Man in thy Large bulk is writ, / But sure thou'rt but a Kilderkin of wit.
  6. (archaic, humorous or derogatory) A drunkard.
  7. (zoology) Any shell belonging to Tonna and allied genera; called also tun-shell.
Synonyms

Verb

tun (third-person singular simple present tuns, present participle tunning, simple past and past participle tunned)

  1. (transitive) To put into tuns, or casks.
    • 1843, Mary Holland, The Complete Economical Cook, and Frugal Housewife, fourteenth edition, page 407:
      Strong beer that is brewed in small quantities, and ale, whatever the quantity may be, should be tunned the second day after brewing; and small beer should be tunned as soon as it has fairly taken the yeast

Etymology 2

Mayan. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

tun (plural tuns)

  1. A part of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar system which corresponds to 18 winal cycles or 360 days.

Anagrams


Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin tonō. Compare Romanian tuna, tun.

Verb

tun (past participle tunatã)

  1. I thunder.

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Friulian ton, Catalan tro, Romansch tun, tung, Romanian tun, tunet, Spanish trueno.

Noun

tun m

  1. thunderclap, thunder

Danish

Etymology 1

A contraction of tunfisk, from German Thunfisch (tuna), from Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn]

Noun

tun c (singular definite tunen, plural indefinite tun)

  1. tuna
  2. tuna fish
  3. tun
Inflection

Etymology 2

From Old Norse tún, from Proto-Germanic *tūną, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn]

Noun

tun n (singular definite tunet, plural indefinite tun)

  1. (dated) an enclosed piece of ground
Inflection

Etymology 3

See tune.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn]

Verb

tun

  1. imperative of tune

German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German tuon, from Old High German tuon, from Proto-Germanic *dōną. Akin to Low German doon, Dutch doen, English do, West Frisian dwaan; all derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (to put, set, place).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tuːn]
  • (file)

Verb

tun (irregular, third-person singular simple present tut, past tense tat, past participle getan, auxiliary haben)

  1. to do (to perform or execute an action)
    Synonym: machen
    Tu es!Do it!
    Man tut, was man kann.One does what one can.
    Er tat das, was man ihm gesagt hat.He did as he was told.
    Das einzige, was er je tat, war arbeiten.The only thing he ever did was work.
  2. (with dative) to do something (positive or negative) to someone
    Synonym: antun
    Der tut Ihnen nichts!He won't hurt you! (said for example about a dog)
    Mein Mann hat mir so viel Gutes getan.My husband has done me so much good.
  3. (reflexive, with an indefinite pronoun) to make a difference; to be different
    Synonym: unterscheiden
    Tut sich das viel?Does that make much of a difference?
    Die beiden Kameras tun sich nichts.The two cameras are no different [i.e. neither better than the other].
  4. (somewhat informal, with “so” or “als ob) to fake; to feign; to pretend
    Synonyms: vortäuschen, täuschen, vorgeben
    Er hat nur so getan.He just faked it.
    Er tut, als ob er nichts wüsste.He pretends to know nothing.
  5. (chiefly colloquial) to put, to place, to add
    Synonyms: setzen, legen, stellen, platzieren, hinzufügen
    • 2017, Simone Meier, Fleisch, Kein & Aber, p. 27:
      » Ich finds eklig, wenn du die Butter am Morgen nicht direkt aufs Brot streichst, sondern immer zuerst auf einen Teller tust. «
      I find it disgusting when you don't spread your butter straight on to your bread in the morning, but always put it on the plate first.
    Tu das hier rein.Put it in here.
    Ich würd noch was Salz an die Kartoffeln tun.I would add some more salt to the potatoes.
  6. (chiefly colloquial, with “es) to work, to function
    Synonym: funktionieren
    Die Uhr tut’s nicht mehr.The clock doesn’t work anymore.
  7. (chiefly colloquial, but acceptable in writing) Used with the preceding infinitive of another verb to emphasise this verb
    Er singt immer noch gern, aber tanzen tut er gar nicht mehr.
    He still loves singing, but as to dancing, he doesn't do that anymore at all.
  8. (colloquial, nonstandard) Used with the following infinitive of another verb, often to emphasise the statement
    Ich tu doch zuhören!I am listening! (as a response to the reproach that one is not)
    Ich tu das jetzt mal aufräumen.I’m cleaning this up now.
  9. (colloquial, nonstandard) Used in the past subjunctive with the infinitive of another verb to form the conditional tense (instead of standard würde)
    Ich tät mir das noch mal überlegen.I would think about that again.

Usage notes

  • The verb tun in the sense of “to perform” is not used in combination with nouns. This function is covered by the verb machen: ich mache Sport, wir machen ein Spiel, er macht die Wäsche (“I do sport, we do a game, he does the laundry”). The same is true with pronouns that represent such nouns: Wer macht die Wäsche? – Ich mache sie. (“Who does the laundry? – I do it.”) It is usually ungrammatical to use tun in sentences like these.
Tun is only used with pronouns that represent actions as a whole: Was tust du? (“What are you doing?”) Ich tue viel für die Umwelt. (“I do a lot for the environment.”) Er tut alles, was sie sagt. (“He does everything she says.”)
  • (colloquial, nonstandard): The use of do-support is a feature of several dialects and minority languages in Germany. In the standard language, it is most established along the Rhine. It is somewhat more acceptable when used for emphasis (as in the first example above), but is otherwise often regarded as illiterate (as in the second example). This latter usage is generally associated with lower socio-economic status.

Conjugation

  • The 1st person singular indicative present active is also (ich) tu.

Derived terms


Hausa

Preposition

tun

  1. since, ever since

Hlai

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Hlai) IPA(key): /tʰun˥˧/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hlai *tʰun (language).

Noun

tun

  1. speech; words; language
  2. folk song
  3. dispute; controversy

Etymology 2

From Proto-Hlai *tʰu(n/ɲ) (to cut).

Verb

tun

  1. to cut

Inari Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *tonë.

Pronoun

tun

  1. you (singular)

Further reading


Mandarin

Romanization

tun

  1. Nonstandard spelling of tūn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of tún.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of tǔn.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of tùn.

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Mapudungun

Verb

tun (using Raguileo Alphabet)

  1. to catch

Conjugation


Middle English

Noun

tun

  1. Alternative form of toun

Norman

Etymology

Noun

tun m (plural tuns)

  1. (Jersey) tuft

Synonyms


Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse tún. Akin to English town.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tʉːn/

Noun

tun n (definite singular tunet, indefinite plural tun, definite plural tuna)

  1. courtyard, front yard (the area in front of, around or between houses, particularly on a farm)
    • 1996, Jon Fosse, Nokon kjem til å komme:
      I tunet framfor eit gammalt ganske forfallent hus []
      In the front yard in front of an old, rather dilapidated house []
  2. farmstead (collection of buildings and the area between them on a farm)

References


Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tūną (enclosure). Cognate with Old Frisian tūn, Old Saxon tūn, Dutch tuin (garden), Old High German zūn (German Zaun (fence)), Old Norse tún (Swedish tun (fence)).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tuːn/

Noun

tūn m

  1. An enclosed piece of ground, an enclosure or garden.
  2. The enclosed ground belonging to an individual dwelling.
  3. The group of houses on an area of enclosed land, a homestead.
  4. A large inhabited place, a town.

Declension

Descendants

See also

  • dōn "to place, put, set"

Old French

Pronoun

tun m (feminine ta)

  1. (Anglo-Norman) your (second-person singular possessive pronoun)

Synonyms

  • vostre (second-person plural form)

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin tonus (the original meaning being "thunderclap", as with the Romance cognates). See also the doublet ton (tone), borrowed through French.

Noun

tun n (plural tunuri)

  1. cannon
  2. (archaic, popular) thunderclap

Romansch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin tonus.

Noun

tun m

  1. sound
  2. thunder

Spanish

Noun

tun m (plural tunes)

  1. (music) A Pre-Hispanic percussion instrument from Guatemala, consisting of a hollow wooden block with slits in the sides

Tetum

Verb

tun

  1. to descend
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