tun
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), of unknown origin. Cognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.
Noun
tun (plural tuns)
- A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask.
- (brewing) A fermenting vat.
- An old English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 252 wine gallons; equal to two pipes.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, p. 205:
- Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, p. 205:
- A weight of 2,240 pounds.
- An indefinite large quantity.
- 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii]:
- He therefore sends you, meeter for your spirit, / This tun of treasure; and, in lieu of this, / Desires you let the dukedoms that you claim / Hear no more of you.
- 1682, John Dryden, "Mac Flecknoe", lines 195-196:
- A Tun of Man in thy Large bulk is writ, / But sure thou'rt but a Kilderkin of wit.
-
- (archaic, humorous or derogatory) A drunkard.
- (zoology) Any shell belonging to Tonna and allied genera; called also tun-shell.
Synonyms
- (indefinite large quantity): buttload; See also Thesaurus:lot
- (drunkard): alcoholic, souse, suck-pint; See also Thesaurus:drunkard
Verb
tun (third-person singular simple present tuns, present participle tunning, simple past and past participle tunned)
- (transitive) To put into tuns, or casks.
- 1843, Mary Holland, The Complete Economical Cook, and Frugal Housewife, fourteenth edition, page 407:
- Strong beer that is brewed in small quantities, and ale, whatever the quantity may be, should be tunned the second day after brewing; and small beer should be tunned as soon as it has fairly taken the yeast
-
Etymology 2
Mayan. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Aromanian
Dalmatian
Danish
Etymology 1
A contraction of tunfisk, from German Thunfisch (“tuna”), from Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn]
Inflection
Etymology 2
From Old Norse tún, from Proto-Germanic *tūną, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn]
Inflection
Etymology 3
See tune.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn]
German
Alternative forms
- (obsolete) thun
Etymology
From Middle High German tuon, from Old High German tuon, from Proto-Germanic *dōną. Akin to Low German doon, Dutch doen, English do, West Frisian dwaan; all derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, set, place”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tuːn]
audio (file)
Verb
tun (irregular, third-person singular simple present tut, past tense tat, past participle getan, auxiliary haben)
- to do (to perform or execute an action)
- Synonym: machen
- Tu es! ― Do it!
- Man tut, was man kann. ― One does what one can.
- Er tat das, was man ihm gesagt hat. ― He did as he was told.
- Das einzige, was er je tat, war arbeiten. ― The only thing he ever did was work.
- (with dative) to do something (positive or negative) to someone
- Synonym: antun
- Der tut Ihnen nichts! ― He won't hurt you! (said for example about a dog)
- Mein Mann hat mir so viel Gutes getan. ― My husband has done me so much good.
- (reflexive, with an indefinite pronoun) to make a difference; to be different
- Synonym: unterscheiden
- Tut sich das viel? ― Does that make much of a difference?
- Die beiden Kameras tun sich nichts. ― The two cameras are no different [i.e. neither better than the other].
- (somewhat informal, with “so” or “als ob”) to fake; to feign; to pretend
- Synonyms: vortäuschen, täuschen, vorgeben
- Er hat nur so getan. ― He just faked it.
- Er tut, als ob er nichts wüsste. ― He pretends to know nothing.
- (chiefly colloquial) to put, to place, to add
- Synonyms: setzen, legen, stellen, platzieren, hinzufügen
- 2017, Simone Meier, Fleisch, Kein & Aber, p. 27:
- » Ich finds eklig, wenn du die Butter am Morgen nicht direkt aufs Brot streichst, sondern immer zuerst auf einen Teller tust. «
- I find it disgusting when you don't spread your butter straight on to your bread in the morning, but always put it on the plate first.
- » Ich finds eklig, wenn du die Butter am Morgen nicht direkt aufs Brot streichst, sondern immer zuerst auf einen Teller tust. «
- Tu das hier rein. ― Put it in here.
- Ich würd noch was Salz an die Kartoffeln tun. ― I would add some more salt to the potatoes.
- (chiefly colloquial, with “es”) to work, to function
- Synonym: funktionieren
- Die Uhr tut’s nicht mehr. ― The clock doesn’t work anymore.
- (chiefly colloquial, but acceptable in writing) Used with the preceding infinitive of another verb to emphasise this verb
- Er singt immer noch gern, aber tanzen tut er gar nicht mehr.
- He still loves singing, but as to dancing, he doesn't do that anymore at all.
- (colloquial, nonstandard) Used with the following infinitive of another verb, often to emphasise the statement
- Ich tu doch zuhören! ― I am listening! (as a response to the reproach that one is not)
- Ich tu das jetzt mal aufräumen. ― I’m cleaning this up now.
- (colloquial, nonstandard) Used in the past subjunctive with the infinitive of another verb to form the conditional tense (instead of standard würde)
- Ich tät mir das noch mal überlegen. ― I would think about that again.
Usage notes
- The verb tun in the sense of “to perform” is not used in combination with nouns. This function is covered by the verb machen: ich mache Sport, wir machen ein Spiel, er macht die Wäsche (“I do sport, we do a game, he does the laundry”). The same is true with pronouns that represent such nouns: Wer macht die Wäsche? – Ich mache sie. (“Who does the laundry? – I do it.”) It is usually ungrammatical to use tun in sentences like these.
- Tun is only used with pronouns that represent actions as a whole: Was tust du? (“What are you doing?”) Ich tue viel für die Umwelt. (“I do a lot for the environment.”) Er tut alles, was sie sagt. (“He does everything she says.”)
- (colloquial, nonstandard): The use of do-support is a feature of several dialects and minority languages in Germany. In the standard language, it is most established along the Rhine. It is somewhat more acceptable when used for emphasis (as in the first example above), but is otherwise often regarded as illiterate (as in the second example). This latter usage is generally associated with lower socio-economic status.
Conjugation
- The 1st person singular indicative present active is also (ich) tu.
infinitive | tun | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | tuend | ||||
past participle | getan | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
present | ich tue | wir tun | i | ich tue | wir tuen |
du tust | ihr tut | du tuest | ihr tuet | ||
er tut | sie tun | er tue | sie tuen | ||
preterite | ich tat | wir taten | ii | ich täte | wir täten |
du tatest | ihr tatet | du tätest | ihr tätet | ||
er tat | sie taten | er täte | sie täten | ||
imperative | tu (du) tue (du) |
tut (ihr) |
perfect | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | ich habe getan | wir haben getan | subjunctive | ich habe getan | wir haben getan |
du hast getan | ihr habt getan | du habest getan | ihr habet getan | ||
er hat getan | sie haben getan | er habe getan | sie haben getan | ||
pluperfect | |||||
indicative | ich hatte getan | wir hatten getan | subjunctive | ich hätte getan | wir hätten getan |
du hattest getan | ihr hattet getan | du hättest getan | ihr hättet getan | ||
er hatte getan | sie hatten getan | er hätte getan | sie hätten getan | ||
future i | |||||
infinitive | tun werden | subjunctive i | ich werde tun | wir werden tun | |
du werdest tun | ihr werdet tun | ||||
er werde tun | sie werden tun | ||||
indicative | ich werde tun | wir werden tun | subjunctive ii | ich würde tun | wir würden tun |
du wirst tun | ihr werdet tun | du würdest tun | ihr würdet tun | ||
er wird tun | sie werden tun | er würde tun | sie würden tun | ||
future ii | |||||
infinitive | getan haben werden | subjunctive i | ich werde getan haben | wir werden getan haben | |
du werdest getan haben | ihr werdet getan haben | ||||
er werde getan haben | sie werden getan haben | ||||
indicative | ich werde getan haben | wir werden getan haben | subjunctive ii | ich würde getan haben | wir würden getan haben |
du wirst getan haben | ihr werdet getan haben | du würdest getan haben | ihr würdet getan haben | ||
er wird getan haben | sie werden getan haben | er würde getan haben | sie würden getan haben |
Derived terms
- abtun
- antun
- auftun
- austun
- betun
- dartun
- dazutun
- geheimtun
- genugtun
- Getue
- gleichtun
- großtun
- guttun
- harttun
- heimlichtun
- heimtun
- heraustun
- herumtun
- hervortun
- hinauftun
- hinaustun
- hineintun
- hintun
- hinüberun
- hinzutun
- kundtun
- leichttun
- leidtun
- mittun
- nachtun
- nottun
- schöntun
- schwertun
- Tun
- Tunichtgut
- Tun und Handeln
- übeltun
- übertun
- vertun
- wegtun
- wehtun
- wichtigtun
- wiedertun
- wohltun
- zugutetun
- zurücktun
- zusammentun
- zutun
- zuvortun
Hausa
Hlai
Etymology 1
From Proto-Hlai *tʰun (“language”).
Etymology 2
From Proto-Hlai *tʰu(n/ɲ) (“to cut”).
Inari Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Samic *tonë.
Mandarin
Romanization
tun
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Mapudungun
Conjugation
Infinitive | tunn | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | tun- | ||||||||
Tense particles (See particles) |
-a- (future tense) | ||||||||
-pe- (past tense) | |||||||||
-fu- (distant past tense) | |||||||||
person | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | first | second | third | |
Realis mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn |
tunn | tunymi | tuny | tunyu | tunymu | tunygu | tunyiñ | tunymvn | tunygvn | |
Conditional mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn |
tunli | tunlimi | tunle | tunliyu | tunlimu | tunle egu | tunliyiñ | tunlimvn | tunle egvn | |
Volitive mood | iñce | eymi | fey | iñciw | eymu | feygu | iñciñ | eymvn | feygvn |
tunci | tunge | tunpe | tunyu | tunmu | tunpe egu | tunyiñ | tunmvn | tunpe egvn |
Middle English
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʉːn/
Noun
tun n (definite singular tunet, indefinite plural tun, definite plural tuna)
- courtyard, front yard (the area in front of, around or between houses, particularly on a farm)
- 1996, Jon Fosse, Nokon kjem til å komme:
- I tunet framfor eit gammalt ganske forfallent hus […]
- In the front yard in front of an old, rather dilapidated house […]
- I tunet framfor eit gammalt ganske forfallent hus […]
- 1996, Jon Fosse, Nokon kjem til å komme:
- farmstead (collection of buildings and the area between them on a farm)
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *tūną (“enclosure”). Cognate with Old Frisian tūn, Old Saxon tūn, Dutch tuin (“garden”), Old High German zūn (German Zaun (“fence”)), Old Norse tún (Swedish tun (“fence”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuːn/
Noun
tūn m