finir
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin fīnīre (influenced in conjugation by Vulgar Latin *fīniscō), present active infinitive of fīniō, from fīnis (“boundary, limit”).
Conjugation
infinitive | finir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | finint | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | finit | finida | |||||
plural | finits | finides | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | fineixo | fineixes | fineix | finim | finiu | fineixen | |
imperfect | finia | finies | finia | finíem | finíeu | finien | |
future | finiré | finiràs | finirà | finirem | finireu | finiran | |
preterite | finí | finires | finí | finírem | finíreu | finiren | |
conditional | finiria | finiries | finiria | finiríem | finiríeu | finirien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | fineixi | fineixis | fineixi | finim | finiu | fineixin | |
imperfect | finís | finissis | finís | finíssim | finíssiu | finissin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | fineix | fineixi | finim | finiu | fineixin |
Franco-Provençal
Etymology
From Latin fīniō, fīnīre and Vulgar Latin *fīniscō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /finiʁ/
Conjugation
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | finir | avêr fini | |||||
past participle | fini | - | |||||
gerund | finessent | èyent fini | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je | te | il | nos | vos | ils | |
present | finésso | finés | finét | finéssens | finésséds | finéssont | |
imperfect | finéssien | finéssias | finéssiêt | finéssians | finéssiâds | finéssiant | |
preterite | fini | finis | finit | finirons | finites, finirâds | finiront | |
future | finiré | finirés | finirat | finirens | finiréds | finiront | |
conditional | finiren | finirias | finirêt | finirians | finiriâds | finiriant | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avêr plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avêr plus the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avêr plus the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avêr plus the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avêr plus the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je | que te | qu'il | que nos | que vos | qu'ils | |
present | finésso | finésses | finésse | finéssans | finéssiâds | finéssant | |
imperfect | finissen | finissias | finisse | finissians | finissiâds | finissant | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avêr plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avêr plus the past participle | ||||||
imperative | - | te | - | nos | vos | - | |
finés | finéssens | finésséds |
French
Etymology
From Middle French finir, finer, from Old French finir, finer, from alteration (based on fin) of the original fenir, from Latin fīniō, fīnīre (influenced in conjugation by Vulgar Latin *fīniscō), from fīnis (“boundary, limit”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fi.niʁ/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -iʁ
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like nourrir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
present participle | finissant /fi.ni.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | fini /fi.ni/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | finir | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | finissant /fi.ni.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | finis /fi.ni/ |
finis /fi.ni/ |
finit /fi.ni/ |
finissons /fi.ni.sɔ̃/ |
finissez /fi.ni.se/ |
finissent /fi.nis/ |
imperfect | finissais /fi.ni.sɛ/ |
finissais /fi.ni.sɛ/ |
finissait /fi.ni.sɛ/ |
finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
finissiez /fi.ni.sje/ |
finissaient /fi.ni.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | finis /fi.ni/ |
finis /fi.ni/ |
finit /fi.ni/ |
finîmes /fi.nim/ |
finîtes /fi.nit/ |
finirent /fi.niʁ/ | |
future | finirai /fi.ni.ʁe/ |
finiras /fi.ni.ʁa/ |
finira /fi.ni.ʁa/ |
finirons /fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/ |
finirez /fi.ni.ʁe/ |
finiront /fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ |
finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ |
finirait /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ |
finirions /fi.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ |
finiriez /fi.ni.ʁje/ |
finiraient /fi.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | finisse /fi.nis/ |
finisses /fi.nis/ |
finisse /fi.nis/ |
finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
finissiez /fi.ni.sje/ |
finissent /fi.nis/ |
imperfect2 | finisse /fi.nis/ |
finisses /fi.nis/ |
finît /fi.ni/ |
finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
finissiez /fi.ni.sje/ |
finissent /fi.nis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | finis /fi.ni/ |
— | finissons /fi.ni.sɔ̃/ |
finissez /fi.ni.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
Further reading
- “finir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Interlingua
Etymology
From French.
Conjugation
infinitive | finir | ||
---|---|---|---|
participle | present | perfect | |
finiente | finite | ||
active | present | simple | perfect |
fini | ha finite | ||
past | finiva | habeva finite | |
future | finira | habera finite | |
conditional | finirea | haberea finite | |
imperative | fini | ||
passive | present | simple | perfect |
es finite | ha essite finite | ||
past | esseva finite | habeva essite finite | |
future | essera finite | habera essite finite | |
conditional | esserea finite | haberea essite finite | |
imperative | sia finite |
Middle French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old French finir, finer, from alteration of earlier fenir, from Latin fīnīre, present active infinitive of fīnīo.
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | finir | avoir fini | |||||
gerund | en finissant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | finissant | ||||||
past participle | fini | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
simple tenses |
present | finis | finis | finit | finissons | finissez | finissent |
imperfect | finissois, finissoys | finissois, finissoys | finissoit, finissoyy | finissions | finissiez | finissoient, finissoyent | |
past historic | finis | finis | finit | finismes | finistes | finirent | |
future | finirai, finiray | finiras | finira | finirons | finirez | finiront | |
conditional | finirois, finiroys | finirois, finiroys | finiroit, finiroyt | finirions | finiriez | finiroient, finiroyent | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
simple tenses |
present | finisse | finisses | finisse | finissions | finissiez | finissent |
imperfect | finisse | finisses | finist | finissions | finissiez | finissent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
— | finis | — | finissons | finissez | — |
Synonyms
Descendants
- French: finir
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (finir, supplement)
Norman
Alternative forms
- finni (Jersey)
Etymology
From Old French finer, finir, from alteration of earlier fenir, from Latin fīniō, fīnīre (influenced in conjugation by Vulgar Latin *fīniscō), from fīnis (“boundary, limit”).
Old French
Spanish
Etymology
From an alteration of Old Spanish fenir (influenced by fin), from Latin fīniō, fīnīre. Cf. also the doublet fenecer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fiˈniɾ/
Verb
finir (first-person singular present fino, first-person singular preterite finí, past participle finido)
Conjugation
infinitive | finir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | finiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | finido | finida | |||||
plural | finidos | finidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | fino | finestú finísvos |
fine | finimos | finís | finen | |
imperfect | finía | finías | finía | finíamos | finíais | finían | |
preterite | finí | finiste | finió | finimos | finisteis | finieron | |
future | finiré | finirás | finirá | finiremos | finiréis | finirán | |
conditional | finiría | finirías | finiría | finiríamos | finiríais | finirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | fina | finastú finásvos2 |
fina | finamos | fináis | finan | |
imperfect (ra) |
finiera | finieras | finiera | finiéramos | finierais | finieran | |
imperfect (se) |
finiese | finieses | finiese | finiésemos | finieseis | finiesen | |
future1 | finiere | finieres | finiere | finiéremos | finiereis | finieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | finetú finívos |
fina | finamos | finid | finan | ||
negative | no finas | no fina | no finamos | no fináis | no finan |
Venetian
Etymology
From Latin fīnīre (influenced in conjugation by Vulgar Latin *fīniscō, *fīniscere), present active infinitive of fīniō, from fīnis (“boundary, limit”). Compare Italian finire.
Conjugation
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | finir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | aver | gerund | finéndo | |||
past participle | finito, finìo | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | finiso | (te) finisi | (el/ła) finise | finimo | finì | (i/łe) finise |
imperfect | finìa | (te) finivi | (el/ła) finìa | finìvimo | finivi | (i/łe) finìa |
future | finirò | (te) finirè | (el/ła) finirà | finirémo | finirè | (i/łe) finirà |
conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
present | finirìa | (te) finirisi | (el/ła) finirìa | finirìsimo | finirisi | (i/łe) finirìa |
subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
present | finisa | (te) finisi | (el/ła) finisa | finimo | finì | (i/łe) finisa |
imperfect | finise | (te) finisi | (el/ła) finise | finisimo | finisi | (i/łe) finise |
imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
— | (te) finisi | (el/ła) finisa | finimo | finì | (i/łe) finisa |