< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ja

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • *-ťa (verbs ending in -V-)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-yeh₂. Cognate with Lithuanian -ia and -ja.

Suffix

*-ja f

  1. Suffix creating feminine action nouns, usually concretized in nomina instrumenti and nomina acti.
    1. Deverbal, from the present stem.
      Synonyms: *-ělь, *-ъkъ
      *sěťi (“to cut, mow, chop”) → *sěča (“chopping, cutting”)
      *žędati (“to be thirsty”) → *žęďa (“thirst”)
      *pręsti (“to spin”) → *pręďa (“yarn”)
    2. Deverbal, from -i- verbs.
      *loviti → *lovľa
      *grabiti → *grabľa
      *gorditi → *gorďa
      *xoditi → *xoďa
    3. Deadjectival.
      Synonyms: *-ědь, *-ina, *-yni, *-ota, *-ostь
      *suxъ (“dry”) → *suša (“drought”)
      *gǫstъ (“dense”) → *gǫšča (“thicket; slurry, sludge; something dense or densely arranged”)
      *mok- (“wet”) → *moča (“wetness”)
    4. Denominal.
      *světъ (“light, brightness”) → *svěťa (“candle”)
      *koza (“goat”) → *koža (“skin, leather”)
      *duxъ (“spirit”) → *duša (“soul”)
    5. Denominal, from i-stem.
      Synonym: *-i
      *tьstь (“father in law”) → *tьšča (“mother in law”)
      *gospodь (“lord, master”) → *gospoďa (“lady, mistress”)
      *zemь → *zemľa

Declension
Declension of *-ja (soft a-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *-ja *-ji *-ję̇
Accusative *-jǫ *-ji *-ję̇
Genitive *-ję̇ *-ju *-jь
Locative *-ji *-ju *-jasъ, *-jaxъ*
Dative *-ji *-jama *-jamъ
Instrumental *-jejǫ, *-jǫ** *-jama *-jami
Vocative *-je *-ji *-ję̇
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

See also

Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Slavic_words_suffixed_with_*-ja' title='Category:Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-ja'>Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-ja</a>

References
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974) Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 1, Wrocław: Polska Akademia Nauk, page 81ff
  • Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
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