< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grabiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology
  • Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grāˀb-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreb; meanings "to rake" in daughter languages from confusion with the root *gʰrebʰ- (see Proto-Slavic *gretì (“to dig, to rake, to scrape”)). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gróbti (“to seize”), Latvian grâbt (“to seize”). Indo-European cognates include Old Norse grápa (“to seize”). The same confusion appears to have happened elsewhere; compare Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize, to hold, to take”). Avestan: grab- ‘to grab, seize, take’, Old Persian: grab- ‘to seize (as possesion), Persian: گیر/گرفت gir/gereft, (*pati-) پذیرفتن paziroftan.[1] English grab vs. Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (graban, “to dig”), all of which come from *gʰrebʰ-. Derksen does not derive this verb from *gʰrebʰ- due to Winter's law, which is required to produce the acute *-a- of the Slavic root but would not operate in *gʰrebʰ-.
  • Per Vasmer, Chernykh and Trubachev, this verb in fact derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ-; see also Proto-Slavic *gretì. Chernykh describes it as the causative of *gretì.
  • Per Rix (LIV), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebh₂-, which allows for Winter's law and also accounts for the Sanskrit -(b)h- (but still doesn't account for the Germanic forms, which are supposed to derive from a different root *gʰrebʰ-).

Verb

*gràbiti impf [2][3]

  1. to grab
  2. to seize

Inflection
Conjugation of *grabiti (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*grabľenьje *grabiti *grabitъ *grabilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *grabľenъ *grabimъ
Active *grabľь *grabę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *grabixъ*grabi*grabi *grabľǫ*grabiši*grabitь
Dual *grabixově*grabista*grabiste *grabivě*grabita*grabite
Plural *grabixomъ*grabiste*grabišę *grabimъ*grabite*grabętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *grabľaaxъ*grabľaaše*grabľaaše —*grabi*grabi
Dual *grabľaaxově*grabľaašeta*grabľaašete *grabivě*grabita—
Plural *grabľaaxomъ*grabľaašete*grabľaaxǫ *grabimъ*grabite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*grabivъ is later doublet of past active participle

Descendants

Further reading

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny. 2007. Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb. Leiden: Brill. p.119.
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gràbiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “v. (a) ‘seize, grab’”
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “grabiti: grabjǫ grabitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a røve (PR 133; MP 26f.)”
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